This best-selling, topically organized anthology provides a superb balance of historical selections and contemporary debates. This new edition features more readings than ever before—88 in total—and upholds the anthology’s traditional emphasis on complete selections and the finest translations available. The readings complement each other and organically explore the range of positions on key philosophical issues. Clear, concise introductions provide reading tips and background information to help students engage directly with the primary sources. The book’s renowned selection of readings covers topics such as the nature and value of philosophy; reason and religious belief; the grounds and limits of human knowledge; mind and its place in nature; determinism, free will and responsibility; and morality and its critics, with a new chapter on the meaning of life.

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Preface
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The Nature And Value Of Philosophy
Plato, Euthyphro
The Value of Philosophy
Reason And Religious Belief
The Existence Of God
Anselm of Canterbury, The Ontological Argument, from Proslogion
Gaunilo of Marmoutiers, On Behalf of the Fool
The Ontological Argument
The Five Ways, from Summa Theologica
A Modern Formulation of the Cosmological Argument
The Cosmological Argument
The Argument from Design
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, II-XI
The Problem Of Evil
Rebellion, from The Brothers Karamazov
Evil and Omnipotence
Must God Create the Best? Richard Swinburne, Why God Allows Evil, from Is there a God?
God and the Problem of Evil
Reason And Faith
The Ethics of Belief
The Will to Believe
Without Evidence or Argument
The Wager
Miracles and Testimony, from Think
Human Knowledge: Its Grounds And Limits
Skepticism
A Brain in a Vat
Three Skeptical Arguments
The Problem of the Criterion
The Nature Of Knowledge
Plato, Knowledge as Justified True Belief, from Theaetetus
Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? James Cornman, Keith Lehrer, and George Pappas, An Analysis of Knowledge
Our Knowledge Of The External World
Appearance and Reality and the Existence of Matter
Meditations on First Philosophy
The Causal Theory of Perception, from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Of the Principles of Human Knowledge
Of the Existence of a Material World, from Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense
Proof of an External World
The Methods Of Science
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, II, IV-VII
An Encounter with David Hume
Conjectures and Refutations
Believing Where We Cannot Prove, from Abusing Science
Mind And Its Place In Nature
The Mind-Body Problem
In Defense of Mind-Body Dualism
The Qualia Problem
The Mind is the Brain, from Introducing Persons
Functionalism and Eliminative Materialism, from Matter and Consciousness
Can Nonhumans Think?
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
Minds, Brains, and Programs
Robots and Minds, from Consciousness
Brute Experience
Animal Minds
Personal Identity And The Survival Of Death
The Prince and the Cobbler, from An Essay concerning Human Understanding
Of Mr Locke's Account of Identity, from Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man
The Self, from A Treatise of Human Nature
Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons
Where am I? from Brainstorms
A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality
Determinism, Free Will, And Responsibility
The Mysteries Of Free Will
Freedom of the Will
Libertarianism: The Case For Free Will And Its Incompatibility With Determinism
Human Freedom and the Self
Free Will: Ancient Dispute, New Themes
Hard Determinism: The Case For Determinism And Its Incompatibility With Any Important Sense Of Free Will
The Illusion of Free Will, from System of Nature
Why We Have No Free Will and Can Live Without It
Compatibilism: The Case For Determinism And Its Compatibility With The Most Important Sense Of Free Will Of Liberty and Necessity, from An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding
Freedom and Necessity, from Philosophical Essays
Freedom And Moral Responsibility
The Debate over Free Will
Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility
Moral Luck
Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility
Morality And Its Critics
Challenges To Morality
Psychological Egoism
Ethical Egoism, from Elements of Moral Philosophy
Plato, The Immoralist's Challenge, from Republic Book II
Master and Slave Morality, from Beyond Good and Evil
Proposed Standards Of Right Conduct Russ Shafer-Landau, Ethical Subjectivism
Judging Other Cultures: The Case of Genital Mutilation
Aristotle, Virtue and the Good Life, from Nicomachean Ethics
Leviathan, Part I, Chapters XIII-XV
Justice as Fairness, from A Theory of Justice
God and Objective Morality
The Good Will and The Categorical Imperative, from Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
Utilitarianism, chapters 1 and 2
What Makes Right Acts Right? from The Right and the Good
What is Feminist Ethics? from An Invitation to Feminist Ethics
Ethical Problems Plato, Crito
Famine, Affluence, and Morality
The Survival Lottery
Active and Passive Euthanasia
Unsanctifying Human Life
A Defense of Abortion
An Argument That Abortion is Wrong
The Meaning Of Life
Epicurus, Letter to Menoeceus
Brave New World
My Confession
The Meaning of Life
The Absurd
Glossary
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