Refining Composition Skills Rhetoric and Grammar

by Smalley, Regina L.; Ruetten, Mary K.

• ISBN13: 9780838452103
• ISBN10: 0838452108
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-01-26
• Publisher: Heinle ELT

Summary

This fourth edition continues to integrate instruction in rhetorical devices with practice in acquiring relevant grammatical structures.

Table of Contents

UNIT ONE: THE PARAGRAPH
The Writing Process	5	(10)
Prewriting	6	(6)
Generating Ideas	6	(1)
Keeping a Journal	6	(1)
Invention Techniques	7	(1)
Brainstorming	7	(1)
Freewriting	8	(1)
WH- Questions	9	(1)
Clustering	10	(2)
Planning	12	(1)
Drafting	12	(1)
Revising	13	(2)
Revising	12	(1)
Editing	13	(2)
Introduction to the Paragraph	15	(27)
The Topic of a Paragraph	16	(5)
Prewriting: Planning	18	(3)
The Topic Sentence	21	(8)
Improving the Topic Sentence	23	(2)
Recognizing the Topic Sentence	25	(2)
Formulating the Topic Sentence	27	(1)
Prewriting: Generating Ideas	27	(2)
Support	29	(3)
Prewriting: Planning	29	(3)
Unity	32	(2)
Coherence	34	(5)
Composition Skills	39	(3)
Revision	39	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	39	(2)
Revision Checklist for the Paragraph	41	(1)
The Narrative Paragraph	42	(19)
Readings: Personal Reflections	43	(7)
``The Best Part,'' Mary Kay Mackin	43	(1)
``Primer Class,'' Elizabeth Bishop	44	(2)
``The Struggle to Be an All-American Girl,'' Elizabeth Wong	46	(4)
Writing	50	(4)
Present Narration	50	(4)
Composition Skills	54	(3)
Coherence	54	(1)
Adverbials of Time and Sequence	54	(2)
Past Narration	56	(1)
Compositon Skills	57	(4)
Coherence	57	(1)
Adverbial Clauses of Time	57	(2)
Revision	59	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	59	(1)
Revision Checklist for the Narrative Paragraph	60	(1)
The Descriptive Paragraph	61	(25)
Reading: Important People, Important Places	62	(7)
``Uncle Kwok,'' Jade Snow Wong	62	(4)
from The Way to Rainy Mountain, N. Scott Momaday	66	(3)
Writing	69	(4)
Description of a Place	69	(4)
Composition Skills	73	(8)
Chorence	73	(1)
Adverbs of Place	73	(1)
Modification: Specific /Details	74	(1)
Description of a Person	75	(6)
Composition Skills	81	(5)
Coherence	81	(1)
Adjective Clauses	81	(2)
Revision	83	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	83	(2)
Revision Checklist for the Descriptive Paragraph	85	(1)
The Expository Paragraph	86	(35)
Reading: Arts and Entertainment	87	(7)
``Survival,'' Margaret Atwood	87	(3)
``Throught North African Eyes,'' Lynn Teo Simarski	90	(4)
Writing	94	(13)
Support of the Generalization	97	(1)
Specific Details	97	(4)
Examples	101	(4)
Illustrations and Anecdotes	105	(2)
Composition Skills	107	(14)
Coherence	107	(1)
Organization of Details and Examples	107	(3)
Transitional Words and Phrases	110	(6)
Revision	116	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	116	(1)
Revisoin Checklist for the Expository Paragraph	117	(4)
UNIT TWO: THE ESSAY
Introduction to the Essay	121	(28)
The Thesis Statement	121	(4)
The Introduction	125	(5)
Prewriting: Planning	126	(4)
The Development Paragraphs	130	(10)
Prewriting: Planning	131	(9)
The Conclusion	140	(3)
The Outline	143	(3)
Prewriting: Planning	143	(3)
Composition Skills	146	(3)
Revision	146	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	146	(2)
Revision Checklist for the Essay	148	(1)
The Example Essay	149	(30)
Reading: The Power of Culture and Language	150	(11)
``How Unwritten Rules Circumscribe Our Lives,'' Bob Greene	150	(5)
``Americanization Is Tough on `Macho,'' Rose Del Castillo Guilbault	155	(6)
Writing	161	(7)
Number of Examples	161	(3)
Choice of Examples	164	(4)
Composition Skills	168	(11)
Coherence	168	(1)
Organization of Examples	168	(1)
Transitions Between Paragraphs	168	(8)
Revision	176	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	176	(2)
Revision Checklist for the Example Essay	178	(1)
The Comparison and Contrast Essay	179	(35)
Reading: Styles of Communication	180	(11)
``Conversational Ballgames,'' Nancy Masterson Sakamoto	180	(5)
``Intimacy and Independence,'' Deborah Tannen	185	(6)
Writing	191	(11)
Points of Comparison	192	(1)
Emphasis on Comparison or Contrast	193	(1)
Patterns of Organization	193	(9)
Composition Skills	202	(12)
Coherence	202	(1)
Transitions for Comparison and Contrast	202	(9)
Revision	211	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	211	(2)
Revision Checklist for the Comparison and Contrast Essay	213	(1)
The Classification Essay	214	(33)
Reading: A Healthy Society	215	(13)
``Three Kinds of Fatigue,'' Jane Brody	215	(7)
``A Very Short History of Some American Drugs Familiar to Everybody,'' Adam Smith	222	(6)
Writing	228	(9)
The Principle of Classification	229	(3)
Making the Classification Complete	232	(1)
Organizing the Classification Essay	233	(1)
Introducing the Categories	233	(4)
Compositoin Skills	237	(10)
Introductory Paragraphs	237	(1)
The Turnabout	237	(1)
Coherence	238	(1)
Transitions for Classification	238	(5)
Revision	243	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	243	(2)
Revision Checklist for the Classification Essay	245	(2)
The Process Analysis Essay	247	(31)
Reading: The World of Work	248	(13)
From the Dark Child, Camara Laye	248	(8)
``Portraits of a Cop,'' N. r. Kleinfield	256	(5)
Writing	261	(10)
Planning the Process Analysis Essay	262	(3)
Organizing the Process Analysis Essay	265	(6)
Composition Skills	271	(7)
Introdction Paragraphs	271	(1)
The Dramatic Entrance	271	(2)
Coherence	273	(1)
Participial Phrases	273	(1)
Revision	274	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	274	(3)
Revision Checklist for the Process Analysis Essay	277	(1)
The Cause-and-Effect Analysis Essay	278	(39)
Readings: Parents, Children, and Society	279	(7)
``Lift Your Feet,'' Andrew Ward	279	(2)
``Why They Excel,'' Fox Butterfield	281	(5)
Writing	286	(18)
Multiple Causes → Effect	287	(3)
Organizing the Causal Analysis Essay	290	(2)
The Thesis Statement for the Causal Analysis Essay	292	(2)
A Problem in Reasoning	294	(1)
Cause → Multiple Effects	295	(2)
Organizing the Effect Analysis Essay	297	(1)
The Thesis Statement for the Affect Analysis Essay	298	(2)
The Causal Chain	300	(4)
Composition Skills	304	(13)
Introductory Paragraphs	304	(1)
The Dramatic Entrance	304	(3)
The Relevant Quotation	307	(2)
Cohrence	309	(1)
Transitions and Expressions for Cause and Effect	309	(4)
Revision	313	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	313	(3)
Revision Checklist for the Cause-and-Effect Analysis Essay	316	(1)
The Argumentative Essay	317	(169)
Reading: Problems, Issues, and Solutions	318	(6)
``Bilinguslism's Goal,'' Barbara Mujica	318	(3)
``The Bounty of the Sea,'' Jacques Cousteau	321	(3)
Writing	324	(22)
The Argumentative Thesis: Taking a Stand	324	(2)
The Opposition: Knowing What You Are Up Against	326	(2)
Arguing Your Case: The Logic Behind Your Reasons	328
Explaining and Supporting the Reasons	225	(116)
Planning the Argumentative Essay	341	(2)
Organizing the Argumentative Essay	343	(3)
Compositon Skills	346	(8)
Choerence Review	346	(4)
Revision	350	(1)
Peer Review Checklist	350	(1)
Revision Checklist for the Argumentative Essay	351	(3)
UNIT THREE: GRAMMAR REVIEW
Each grammar section coordinates with the chapter given in parentheses.
Adjectives	354	(7)
Adjectives (4)	354	(1)
Participles as Adjectives (4)	355	(3)
Adjective Clauses Reduced to Participial Phrases (9)	358	(3)
Adverbials	361	(9)
Adverbs of Place (4)	361	(1)
Adverbials of Time and Sequence (3)	362	(1)
Prepositions in Time Expressions (3)	363	(3)
Adverbial Clauses of Time Reduced to Participial Phrases (10)	366	(4)
Articles	370	(11)
Definite and Idenfinite Articles (5)	370	(5)
Articles with Quantifiers (5)	375	(5)
Articles with Count and Noncount Nouns (11)	380	(1)
Clauses	381	(27)
Adjective Clauses (4)	381	(1)
Adjective Clause Subordinators (4)	382	(5)
Adverbial Clauses of Time (3)	387	(4)
Adverbial Clauses of Comparison, Contrast, and Concession (8)	391	(5)
Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (10)	396	(2)
Adverbial Clauses of Cause and Result (11)	398	(3)
Noun Clauses	401	(1)
Noun Clauses Derived from Statements (7)	401	(2)
Noun Clauses Derived from Questions (7)	403	(2)
Subjective Noun Clauses (!2)	405	(3)
Comparisons	408	(6)
Indicators of Equality or Similarity (8)	408	(2)
Indicators of Inequality (8)	410	(4)
Correlative Conjunctions (9)	414	(4)
Gerunds and Infinitives	418	(8)
Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects (7)	418	(3)
Gerunds and Infinitives as Objects (7)	421	(3)
Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions (70	424	(2)
Verb/Tense System	426	(33)
The Simple Present vs. the Present Progressive (3)	426	(5)
The Simple Past vs. the Past Progressive and the Past Perfect (3)	431	(9)
The Present Perfect vs. the Simple Past (5)	440	(3)
Adverbials Used with the Present Perfect and the Simple Past Tenses (5)	443	(5)
The Passive Voice vs. the Active Voice (4)	448	(5)
Conditionals	453	(1)
Real Conditions (10)	453	(2)
Unreal Conditions (11)	455	(4)
APPENDIXES
Appendix I	459	(2)
The Definite Article with Place Names	459	(1)
The Definite Article with Other Proper Nouns	460	(1)
Appendix II	461	(11)
Puncuation Problems	461	(1)
Rules for Punctuation	462	(10)
Appendix II	472	(2)
Rules for Capitalization	472	(2)
Appendix IV	474	(3)
Noun Plurals	474	(3)
Appendix V	477	(4)
Subject-Verb Agreement	477	(4)
Appendix VI	481	(5)
Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs	481	(3)
Problem Verbs	484	(2)
Appendix VII	486	(1)
Verbs and Their Complements	486