Refrigeration and Ac Technology

by Whitman, William C.; Johnson, William M.; Tomczyk, John

• ISBN13: 9780766806689
• ISBN10: 0766806685
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-11-02
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology 4E covers the fundamentals and practical applications for understanding and maintaining all heating and cooling systems. The comprehensive coverage of the basic theory, latest terminology, diagnostic methods, and repair procedures, combine to make this the most complete HVAC-R book available today. Advances in technology, procedures, and equipment are addressed throughout this new edition, with an increased emphasis on digital electronic controls and system efficiency. Certification and safety coverage are also expanded upon in this new edition.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Tools List: Operating Systems, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Service Equipment, Tools, Materials, and Supplies List	ix
Theory	1	(2)
Matter and Energy	3	(2)
Refrigeration and Refrigerants	5	(2)
Safety	7	(4)
Tools and Equipment	11	(2)
Fasteners	13	(2)
Tubing and Piping	15	(10)
Flaring Tubing	17	(4)
Soldering and Brazing	21	(4)
System Evacuation	25	(14)
Standing Pressure Test	27	(4)
Performing a Deep Vacuum	31	(4)
Triple Evacuation	35	(4)
Refrigerant Management---Recovery/Recycling/Reclaiming	39	(4)
Refrigerant Recovery	41	(2)
System Charging	43	(10)
Charging a System	45	(4)
Charging a System with Refrigerant Using Scales	49	(4)
Calibrating Instruments	53	(10)
Calibrating Thermometers	55	(4)
Checking Accuracy or Calibration of Electrical Instruments	59	(4)
Basic Electricity and Magnetism	63	(8)
Making Voltage and Amperage Readings with a VOM	65	(4)
Measuring Resistance and Using Ohm's Law	69	(2)
Introduction to Automatic Controls	71	(6)
Automatic Controls	73	(4)
Automatic Control Components and Applications	77	(14)
Controlling Temperature	81	(4)
Pressure Sensing Devices	85	(4)
Controlling the Head Pressure in a Water-Cooled Refrigeration System	89	(2)
Troubleshooting Basic Controls	91	(4)
Troubleshooting Controls	93	(2)
Electronic and Programmable Controls	95	(2)
Types of Electric Motors	97	(8)
Identification of Electric Motors	99	(4)
Compressor Winding Identification	103	(2)
Application of Motors	105	(4)
Motor Application and Features	107	(2)
Motor Starting	109	(4)
Identification of a Relay, Contactor, and Starter	111	(2)
Troubleshooting Electric Motors	113	(8)
Belt-Drive Motors	115	(2)
Examination of a Hermetic Compressor Electric Motor	117	(2)
Checking a Capacitor with an Ohmmeter	119	(2)
Evaporators and the Refrigeration System	121	(8)
Evaporator Functions and Superheat	123	(2)
Evaporator Performance	125	(2)
Checking an Evaporator While Under Excessive Load	127	(2)
Condensors	129	(14)
Condensor Functions and Superheat	133	(4)
Air-Cooled Condensor Performance	137	(2)
Evaluation of a Water-Cooled Condensor	139	(2)
Determining the Correct Head Pressure	141	(2)
Compressors	143	(10)
Compressors Operating Temperatures	145	(4)
Compressor Efficiency	149	(2)
Hermetic Compressor Change Out	151	(2)
Expansion Devices	153	(14)
Expansion Devices	155	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise Refrigerated Cooler with Thermostatic Expansion Valve	157	(2)
Capillary Tube System Evaluation	159	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Hermetic Compressor and Capillary Tube System	161	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Hermetic Compressor and Capillary Tube System	163	(2)
Changing a Thermostatic Expansion Valve	165	(2)
Special Refrigeration System Components	167	(6)
Pumping Refrigerant into the Receiver	169	(2)
Adjusting the Crankcase Pressure Regulator (CPR) Valve	171	(2)
Application of Refrigeration Systems	173	(6)
Application of Refrigeration Systems	175	(2)
Ice-Making Methods	177	(2)
Special Refrigeration Applications	179	(2)
Troubleshooting and Typical Operating Conditions for Commercial Refrigeration	181	(8)
Situational Service Ticket	183	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	185	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	187	(2)
Electric Heat	189	(26)
Electric Furnace Familiarization	191	(2)
Determining Airflow (CFM) by Using the Air Temperature Rise	193	(2)
Setting the Heat Anticipator for an Electric Furnace	195	(2)
Low-Voltage Control Circuits Used in Electric Heat	197	(2)
Checking a Package Sequencer	199	(2)
Checking Electric Heating Elements Using an Ammeter	201	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Electric Furnace	203	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Electric Furnace	205	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Electric Furnace	207	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	209	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	211	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	213	(2)
Gas Heat	215	(30)
Gas Furnace Familiarization	217	(2)
Identification of the Pilot Safety Feature of a Gas Furnace	219	(2)
Gas Furnace Heat Sensing Elements	221	(2)
Wiring for a Gas Furnace	223	(2)
Maintenance of Gas Burners	225	(2)
Checking a Gas Furnace for Correct Venting	227	(2)
Combustion Analysis of a Gas Furnace	229	(2)
Determining Airflow (CFM) Using the Air Temperature Rise Method	231	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Gas Furnace with Standing Pilot	233	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Gas Furnace with Spark Ignition	235	(2)
Changing a Gas Valve on a Gas Furnace	237	(2)
Changing a Fan Motor on a Gas Furnace	239	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	241	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	243	(2)
Oil Heat	245	(22)
Familiarization with Oil Furnace Components	247	(2)
Oil Burner Maintenance	249	(2)
Electronic Controls for Oil Burners	251	(2)
Checking the Fan and Limit Control	253	(2)
Adjusting an Oil Burner Pump Pressure	255	(2)
Combustion Analysis of an Oil Burner	257	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Oil Furnace	259	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Oil Furnace	261	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	263	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	265	(2)
Hydronic Heat	267	(6)
Filling a Hot-Water Heating System	269	(2)
Filling an Expansion Tank on a Hot-Water Heating System	271	(2)
Alternative Heating	273	(2)
Indoor Air Quality	275	(4)
Humidification	277	(2)
Comfort and Psychrometrics	279	(4)
Comfort Conditions	281	(2)
Refrigeration Applied to Air Conditioning	283	(4)
Air Conditioning Component Familiarization	285	(2)
Air Distribution and Balance	287	(6)
Evaluating Duct Size	289	(2)
Airflow Measurements	291	(2)
Installation	293	(10)
Evaluating an Air Conditioning Installation	295	(2)
Using the Halide Leak Detector	297	(2)
Using Electronic Leak Detectors	299	(2)
Startup and Checkout of an Air Conditioning System	301	(2)
Controls	303	(4)
Identifying Controls of a Central Air Conditioning System	305	(2)
Typical Operating Conditions	307	(6)
Evaporator Operating Conditions	309	(2)
Condensor Operating Conditions	311	(2)
Troubleshooting	313	(20)
Manufacturer's Charging Procedure	315	(2)
Charging a System in the Field Using Typical Conditions (Fixed-Bore Metering Device)	317	(2)
Charging a System in the Field Using Typical Conditions (Thermostatic Expansion Valve)	319	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Central Air Conditioning with Fixed-Bore Metering Device	321	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Central Air Conditioning with Fixed-Bore Metering Device	323	(2)
Changing a Hermetic Compressor	325	(2)
Changing an Evaporator in an Air Conditioning System	327	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	329	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	331	(2)
Electric, Gas, and Oil Heat with Electric Air Conditioning	333	(4)
Control Checkout for an All-Weather System	335	(2)
Heat Pumps	337	(30)
Familiarization with Air-to-Air Heat Pump Components	341	(2)
Using Manufacturer's Information to Check Heat Pump performance	343	(2)
Heat Pump Performance Check while in Cooling Mode	345	(2)
Checking the Control Circuit in the Emergency and Auxiliary Heat Modes	347	(2)
Checking Four-Way Valve During the Heating and Cooling Cycles	349	(2)
Checking Low-Voltage Field Control Circuits at the Individual Components	351	(4)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Heat Pump	355	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Heat Pump	357	(2)
Changing a Four-Way Valve on a Heat Pump	359	(2)
Wiring a Split System Heat Pump, Low-Voltage Control Wiring	361	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	363	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	365	(2)
Geothermal Heat Pumps	367	(6)
Familiarization with Geothermal Heat Pumps	369	(2)
Checking the Water Flow, Geothermal Heat Pumps	371	(2)
Domestic Refrigerators	373	(24)
Domestic Refrigerator Familiarization	375	(2)
Refrigerator Temperature Conditions During Pulldown	377	(2)
Charging a Refrigerator Using the Frost-Line Method	379	(2)
Pressure and Temperature Readings while Refrigerated Box Is Pulling Down in Temperature	381	(2)
Testing a Compressor Electrically	383	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Refrigerator	385	(2)
Troubleshooting Exercise: Refrigerator	387	(2)
Removing the Moisture from a Refrigerator after an Evaporator Leak	389	(2)
Changing a Compressor on a Refrigerator	391	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	393	(2)
Situational Service Ticket	395	(2)
Domestic Freezers	397	(10)
Domestic Freezer Familiarization	399	(2)
Charging a Freezer by the Frost-Line Method	401	(2)
Charging a Freezer Using a Measured Change	403	(2)
Freezer Gasket Examination	405	(2)
Room Air Conditioners	407	(10)
Window Air Conditioner Familiarization	409	(2)
Checking the Charge without Gages	411	(2)
Charging a Window Unit by the Sweat-Line Method	413	(2)
Charging a Unit Using Scales or a Charging Cylinder	415	(2)
Chilled Water Air Conditioning Systems	417	(4)
Cooling Towers and Pumps	421	(2)
Maintenance and Troubleshooting of Chilled Water Air Conditioning Systems	423
Pressure/Temperature Chart