The Refugee in International Law

by Goodwin-Gill, Guy; McAdam, Jane

• ISBN13: 9780199207633
• ISBN10: 0199207631
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-05-17
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This title includes the following features: Completely revised thirdedition of the leading text in the field of international refugee law, bringingthe caselaw and analysis up to date, including the EU Qualification Directive,2004; Analyses the foundations and the framework of international refugee lawthrough three core issues: the definition of refugees, 'asylum', and standardsof protection; Comprehensive and authoritative treatise making this an essential tool for allinvolved in the protection of refugees

Author Biography

Professor of International Refugee Law University of Oxford, and Senior Research Fellow, All Souls College, University of Oxford
Jane McAdam is Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of Sydneyand author of Complementary Protection in International Refugee Law, OUP 2006.

Table of Contents

Tables of Cases	p. xxv
Table of Treaties and Other International and Regional Instruments	p. xliii
Selected Abbreviations	p. xlix
Online Resource Centre	p. lv
The Refugee in International Law	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The refugee in international law and the practice of the United Nations Security Council	p. 5
The refugee in national and international law	p. 7
Protection	p. 9
Refugees
Refugees Defined and Described	p. 15
Refugees	p. 15
Refugees defined in international instruments 1922-46	p. 16
Refugees for the purposes of the United Nations	p. 20
Statute of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)	p. 20
Development of the statutory definition and extension of the mandate	p. 23
Responsibility for internally displaced persons	p. 32
Refugees in the sense of the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees	p. 35
Regional approaches to refugee definition	p. 37
Refugees in municipal law: some examples	p. 41
Institutional responsibilities and international obligations	p. 47
'Refugees' for the purposes of general international law	p. 49
Determination of Refugee Status: Analysis and Application	p. 51
Respective competence of UNHCR and of States parties to the Convention and Protocol	p. 51
Determination of refugee status by UNHCR	p. 53
Determination of refugee status by States	p. 53
The 2004 European Union Qualification Directive	p. 60
The goal of 'common criteria'	p. 60
The refugee definition and the reasons for persecution	p. 63
General matters	p. 63
'Good faith' and activities in the country of refuge	p. 65
Statelessness	p. 67
Reasons for persecution	p. 70
Race	p. 70
Religion	p. 71
Nationality	p. 72
Membership of a particular social group	p. 73
The concept develops	p. 76
The categories of association	p. 78
Common victimization	p. 79
Women, social group, and refugee status	p. 81
A social view of 'social group'	p. 84
Political opinion	p. 86
Persecution: Issues of interpretation and application	p. 90
Protected interests	p. 92
The ways and means of persecution	p. 93
Persecution as a crime in international law	p. 94
Agents of persecution	p. 98
Agents of persecution and State responsibility	p. 99
Fear, intent, motive, and the rationale for persecution	p. 100
Persecution and laws of general application	p. 102
Conscientious objectors	p. 104
The 'right' of conscientious objection	p. 105
The 'right' to object to participation in conflict 'condemned by the international community'	p. 108
The nature of the dispute between the individual and the State	p. 109
Sepet and Bulbul	p. 112
Political and non-political offenders	p. 116
Persecution and situations of risk	p. 123
Internal flight alternative	p. 123
Flight from civil war	p. 126
The individual and the group	p. 128
Children as asylum seekers and refugees	p. 130
Persecution and lack of protection	p. 131
Loss and Denial of Refugee Status and its Benefits	p. 135
Voluntary acts of the individual	p. 135
Change of circumstances	p. 139
Continuing status in exceptional circumstances	p. 143
Interpretation and application	p. 145
Protection or assistance by other States or United Nations agencies	p. 149
The country of first asylum principle	p. 149
Refugees receiving United Nations protection and assistance	p. 151
Historical background	p. 153
Interpretation and application	p. 156
An alternative interpretation	p. 157
Article 1D and the future	p. 159
Other refugees not considered to require international protection	p. 161
Exclusion from refugee status	p. 162
Crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity	p. 163
The drafting history of article 1F(a)	p. 163
The scope of article 1F(a)	p. 165
Crimes against peace	p. 165
War crimes	p. 166
Crimes against humanity	p. 167
Individual responsibility	p. 168
Serious non-political crimes	p. 171
The drafting history of article 1F(b)	p. 172
The relation to extradition	p. 173
'Serious' and 'non-political'	p. 176
Context and proportionality	p. 180
Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations	p. 184
The drafting history of article 1F(c)	p. 184
The 'purposes and principles of the United Nations'	p. 185
Individuals acting on behalf of the State	p. 186
Article 1F(c) in brief	p. 189
The 2004 European Union Qualification Directive	p. 190
Terrorism, refugees, and the purposes and principles of the United Nations	p. 191
Asylum
Non-Refoulement in the 1951 Refugee Convention	p. 201
Evolution of the principle	p. 201
Relation of the principle of non-refoulement to particular issues	p. 206
Admission and non-rejection at the frontier	p. 206
Conventions and agreements	p. 208
Declarations and resolutions	p. 211
The UNHCR Executive Committee Conclusions on international protection	p. 215
State views and State practice	p. 218
State views	p. 218
State practice: some aspects	p. 229
The scope of the principle of non-refoulement	p. 232
Personal scope	p. 232
The question of risk	p. 233
Exceptions to the principle of non-refoulement	p. 234
Time and place, ways and means	p. 244
Extraterritorial application	p. 244
'International zones'	p. 253
Non-refoulement and extradition	p. 257
Non-refoulement and expulsion	p. 262
Non-refoulement and illegal entry	p. 264
Measures not amounting to refoulement	p. 267
Stowaways	p. 268
Arrival of asylum seekers by boat	p. 270
Internal waters and the territorial sea	p. 272
The contiguous zone	p. 275
The consequences of enforcement action	p. 277
Rescue-at-sea	p. 277
Protection under Human Rights and General International Law	p. 285
The meaning of 'complementary protection'	p. 285
The history of complementary protection	p. 286
Complementary protection at the international level	p. 296
Human rights treaties: some procedural considerations	p. 298
The 1984 Convention against Torture (CAT84)	p. 301
The 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR66)	p. 305
What rights are protected?	p. 308
The 1950 European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR50)	p. 310
Article 3	p. 311
Socio-economic rights	p. 314
Other protected rights	p. 316
Article 8: family life	p. 318
Article 8: private life	p. 321
Article 13: remedies	p. 321
The 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC89)	p. 323
The 2004 European Union Qualification Directive	p. 325
Status and exclusion from status	p. 330
Non-refoulement in cases of mass influx and the development of 'temporary protection'	p. 335
Mass influx and non-refoulement	p. 335
Some aspects of State practice	p. 336
Temporary protection	p. 340
Status	p. 341
Non-refoulement through time?	p. 343
Non-refoulement as a principle of customary international law	p. 345
The Concept of Asylum	p. 355
Introduction	p. 355
Asylum in international conventions, other instruments, and acts	p. 358
Asylum in regional agreements	p. 366
Obstructing asylum: trends in State practice	p. 369
Access	p. 369
Interception	p. 371
Non-arrival policies	p. 374
Visa regimes	p. 374
Pre-entry clearance and carrier sanctions	p. 377
International law responses	p. 380
The right to leave any country	p. 380
Article 31 of the 1951 Convention	p. 384
State responsibility for extraterritorial acts	p. 385
Good faith	p. 387
Non-admission policies: the 'safe' country and the concept of 'effective protection'	p. 390
Jurisdictional issues: identifying the State responsible for determining a claim	p. 390
The 'safe country' mechanism	p. 392
'Effective protection'	p. 393
The 2005 European Union Procedures Directive	p. 396
'Safe country' notions elsewhere	p. 403
Readmission agreements	p. 407
Extraterritorial processing	p. 408
Standards of treatment of asylum seekers and refugees	p. 412
Conclusion	p. 414
Protection
International Protection	p. 421
International institutions	p. 421
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)	p. 426
Relation of UNHCR to the General Assembly and its standing in general international law	p. 428
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)	p. 436
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)	p. 438
Strengthening coordination	p. 438
The complementary role of UN agencies	p. 441
Other international and intergovernmental organizations and agencies	p. 442
International Organization for Migration (IOM)	p. 442
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)	p. 444
Regional organizations	p. 444
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)	p. 446
The protection of refugees in international law	p. 446
General international law	p. 448
Treaties and municipal law	p. 450
The principle of good faith	p. 456
Palestinian refugees: nationality, statelessness, and protection	p. 458
Protection and Solutions	p. 462
General protection issues	p. 462
Detention	p. 462
Detention and mass influx	p. 465
Refugee rights in camps and settlements	p. 466
Personal security and related measures	p. 471
Refugees and asylum seekers	p. 471
Women refugees	p. 473
Child refugees	p. 475
Relief workers	p. 480
Internally displaced persons (IDPs)	p. 481
Solutions	p. 489
Local integration	p. 490
Voluntary repatriation	p. 492
Facilitating and promoting	p. 494
Safe return	p. 496
Resettlement	p. 497
Assistance and development	p. 500
International cooperation	p. 502
Treaty Standards and their Implementation in National Law	p. 506
The 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees	p. 506
Required standards of treatment	p. 509
Standards applicable to refugees as refugees	p. 510
Administrative assistance: article 25	p. 512
Identity documents: article 27	p. 515
The Convention Travel Document: article 28	p. 516
Treatment of refugees entering illegally: article 31	p. 520
Expulsion of refugees: article 32	p. 523
Non-refoulement: article 33	p. 524
The criteria of entitlement to treatment in accordance with the Convention	p. 524
Simple presence	p. 524
Lawful presence	p. 524
Lawful residence	p. 525
Habitual residence	p. 526
Protection in national law: the refugee status determination procedure	p. 528
General standards for the determination of refugee status	p. 529
The role of UNHCR in national procedures	p. 532
Due process in the determination of refugee status	p. 533
Appeal or review	p. 535
The 2005 European Union Procedures Directive	p. 537
Organization of the Procedures Directive	p. 539
Process in refugee status determination: getting to 'Yes'; getting to 'No'	p. 542
The interview, examination, or hearing	p. 544
Uses and abuses of country and other information	p. 545
Assessing credibility and drawing inferences from the evidence	p. 548
The status of refugees and the termination of refugee status in national law	p. 551
Refugee status and the 'opposability' of decisions	p. 553
The principle of acquired rights	p. 554
Afterword	p. 555
Annexes
Table of Contents	p. 557
Basic Instruments	p. 559
1946 Constitution of the International Refugee Organization-Extracts	p. 559
1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights-Extracts	p. 564
1950 Statute of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees	p. 564
1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees	p. 569
1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees	p. 588
1967 United Nations Declaration on Territorial Asylum	p. 592
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