Regulation of Bank Financial Service Activities : Cases and Materials

by Broome, Lissa L.; Markham, Jerry W.

• ISBN13: 9780314151377
• ISBN10: 0314151370
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-05-27
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

Provides a comprehensive overview of nearly every aspect of banking regulation from its history, to federal and state regulation, to international regulatory issues. Contains individual chapters on the securities, derivatives and insurance activities of banks and their "functional" regulation by non-banking regulators under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA). Also reviews thrift regulation and its evolution under FIRREA and FDICIA, and contains a chapter on bank commercial lending activity.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Acknowledgments	vii
Summary of Contents	xi
Table of Cases	xxxi
The History of Banking Regulation in America
The Role of Banks in Early America	1	(8)
Medium of Payment	1	(1)
The Case of Mixed Money in Ireland	2	(4)
Craig v. Missouri	6	(2)
Lending Money	8	(1)
The Creation of Banks in America	9	(8)
The Bank of the United States and Early State Chartered Banks	10	(1)
The Second Bank of the United States	11	(1)
McCulloch v. Maryland	12	(4)
The Fight Over the Second BUS	16	(1)
The Civil War Era	17	(18)
Bank Currency	17	(1)
Marine Bank v. Fulton Bank	18	(2)
Shinplasters and the Stamp Payments Act	20	(1)
United States v. Van Auken	20	(1)
Greenbacks as Legal Tender	21	(1)
Legal Tender Cases	22	(4)
The National Bank Act	26	(1)
First National Bank of Charlotte v. National Exchange Bank of Baltimore	27	(2)
Veazie Bank v. Fenno	29	(4)
Clearing Houses and Central Banks	33	(1)
Philler v. Patterson	33	(2)
The Birth of the Federal Reserve System	35	(9)
Check Clearing	37	(1)
American Bank & Trust Co. v. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta	37	(2)
Federal Reserve Notes	39	(1)
Milam v. United States	39	(1)
Monetary Policy	40	(1)
Raichle v. Federal Reserve Bank of New York	40	(4)
The New Deal Legislation	44	(8)
Creation of Federal Deposit Insurance	45	(1)
Hewitt v. United States	45	(1)
Strengthening the Federal Reserve System	46	(1)
The Model of a Central Banker	47	(2)
Glass-Steagall Act Restrictions on Securities Activities	49	(2)
Interest Rate Restrictions	51	(1)
Limitations on Geographic Expansion	52	(5)
First National Bank in St. Louis v. Missouri	52	(2)
First National Bank of Logan v. Walker Bank & Trust Co.	54	(3)
Regulation of Bank Holding Companies	57	(8)
Closely Related to Banking	58	(1)
Cameron Financial Corp. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	58	(2)
The Douglas Amendment and Geographic Expansion by Bank Holding Companies	60	(1)
Pressures on the Bank Holding Company Act	60	(1)
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System v. Dimension Financial Corp.	61	(4)
Inflationary Pressures	65	(3)
Paine, Webber, Jackson & Curtis, Inc. v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc.	66	(2)
Geographic Barriers Fall	68	(1)
The Changing Roles of Banks and Their Holding Companies	69	(6)
Continuing Competitive Pressures	69	(2)
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and Financial Holding Companies	71	(1)
Overview of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act	71	(4)
Themes of Banking Regulation	75	(6)
Reasons for Major Banking Legislation	75	(1)
Themes Inherent in Banking Legislation and Regulation	76	(1)
Concerns About Mixing Banking and Commerce	76	(1)
Limited Entry	76	(1)
Dual Chartering and Regulatory Arbitrage	76	(1)
Restrictions on Geographic Expansion	77	(1)
Concerns About Concentrations of Economic Power	77	(1)
Safety and Soundness Regulation	78	(1)
Grandfather Provisions	78	(3)
Thrift and Credit Union Regulation
The History of Thrift and Credit Union Regulation	81	(30)
Savings and Loans	81	(2)
West Helena Savings and Loan Ass'n v. Federal Home Loan Bank Board	83	(2)
North Arlington National Bank v. Kearny Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n	85	(2)
Fedelity Federal Saving & Loan Ass'n v. De La Cuesta	87	(8)
Savings Banks	95	(1)
Huntington v. National Savings Bank	96	(2)
Credit Unions	98	(1)
La Caisse Populaire Ste. Marie (St. Mary's Bank) v. United States	99	(7)
National Credit Union Administration v. First National Bank & Trust Co.	106	(5)
Other Institutions	111	(1)
Savings and Loan Crisis	111	(22)
Destructive Inflationary Pressures	111	(1)
Biscayne Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Federal Home Loan Bank Board	112	(3)
The First Round of Legislative Responses	115	(1)
The Influence of Enhanced Thrift Institution Powers on Commercial Bank Market Expansion	116	(3)
In the Matter of Charles Keating, Jr.	119	(3)
The Second Round of Legislative Response: Congress Gets Tough	122	(2)
Spiegel v. Ryan	124	(3)
United States v. Winstar Corp	127	(6)
Regulation of Thrifts and Credit Unions	133	(13)
Regulatory Structure	133	(1)
Characteristics of Thrifts and Credit Unions	133	(1)
Powers	134	(1)
Other Institutions	135	(1)
Conversion or Demutualization	136	(1)
Dougherty v. Carver Federal Savings Bank	136	(6)
Holding Companies	142	(1)
Historical Framework for Regulation of Activities of Unitary Savings and Loan Holding Companies	142	(4)
Review of Regulatory Themes	146	(5)
Reasons for Major Legislation	146	(1)
Regulatory Themes	147	(1)
Concerns About Mixing Banking and Commerce	147	(1)
Limited Entry	147	(1)
Dual Chartering and Regulatory Arbitrage	147	(1)
Restriction on Geographic Expansion	147	(1)
Concerns About Impermissible Concentrations of Economic Power	148	(1)
Safety and Soundness Regulation	148	(1)
Grandfather Provisions	149	(2)
The Business of Banking
Financial Intermediation	151	(1)
Transaction Accounts	152	(2)
Monetary Policy	154	(29)
Structure of the Federal Reserve System	154	(2)
The Federal Reserve System: Purposes and Functions	156	(1)
Reserve Requirements	156	(1)
The Federal Reserve System: Purposes and Functions	156	(3)
First Bank and Trust Co. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	159	(3)
Open Market Operations	162	(1)
The Federal Reserve System: Purposes and Functions	162	(4)
Riegle v. Federal Open Market Committee	166	(3)
The Discount Rate and Federal Funds Rate	169	(1)
The Federal Reserve System: Purposes and Functions	170	(3)
Greenspan Legacy Rides on a Wobbly Economy	173	(3)
Fed Intervention to Prevent Systemic Risk	176	(1)
Hunts Play Court Card as Hard Times Bite	176	(1)
Survey: Mastering Risk - 7: Securing a safety net against economic free fall	177	(1)
Lakonia Management Ltd. v. Meriwether	178	(5)
Characteristics of Banks	183	(3)
Income Statement	186	(2)
Balance Sheet	188	(1)
Challenges to the Traditional Business of Banks	189	(8)
Bank Regulation Today
Regulatory Structure	197	(57)
National Banks	201	(1)
Arnold Tours, Inc. v. Camp	201	(6)
NationsBank of North Carolina, N.A. v. Variable Annuity Life Insurance Co.	207	(5)
The Business of Banking: Looking to the Future	212	(3)
The Business of Banking: Looking to the Future -- Part II	215	(5)
Barnett Bank of Marion County, N.A. v. Nelson	220	(9)
OCC Final Rule: Bank Activities and Operations; Real Estate Lending & Appraisals	229	(6)
OCC Final Rule: Bank Activities and Operations	235	(10)
State Banks	245	(2)
Bank Subsidiaries	247	(1)
Service Corporation	247	(1)
Operating Subsidiary	247	(1)
Wachovia Banks, N.A. v. Burke	248	(3)
Financial Subsidiary	251	(2)
Corporate Governance	253	(1)
Holding Company Regulation	254	(31)
Bank Holding Companies	254	(1)
National Courier Ass'n v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	255	(3)
Financial Holding Companies	258	(3)
Bank Holding Companies and Change in Bank Control	261	(4)
Functional Regulation	265	(2)
Commercial Activities	267	(3)
Interaffiliate Relations	270	(1)
Affiliate Transactions	270	(1)
Interim Rule with Request for Public Comments	270	(2)
Conflicts of Interest	272	(1)
Washington Steel Corp. v. TW Corp.	272	(7)
Anti-Tying	279	(3)
Dibidale of Louisiana, Inc. v. American Bank & Trust Co.	282	(3)
Privacy	285	(22)
Disclosure to the Government	285	(1)
Adams v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board	285	(3)
Lopez v. First Union National Bank of Florida	288	(7)
Disclosure to Private Parties	295	(1)
Tentative Steps Toward Financial Privacy	295	(5)
American Bankers Ass'n v. Lockyer	300	(7)
Technology, the Internet, and E-Commerce	307	(10)
Technology	307	(1)
Information Technology in Banking and Supervision	307	(5)
Internet Banking	312	(1)
Electronic Banking: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: 12 C.F.R. Part 7	312	(2)
E-Commerce	314	(3)
Bank Assets
Non-Loan Assets	317	(6)
Real Estate	317	(1)
Investments	317	(1)
Marx v. Centran Corp.	318	(3)
United States v. Iguchi	321	(2)
General Regulation of Loans	323	(22)
Lending Limits	324	(1)
del Junco v. Conover	325	(6)
Insider Loans	331	(1)
De La Fuente v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.	332	(5)
Lender Liability	337	(1)
Environmental Lender Liability	338	(1)
United States v. Fleet Factors Corp.	339	(4)
Accounting for Loan Loss Reserves	343	(2)
Commercial Lending Concerns	345	(42)
Loan Participations and Syndicated Loans	345	(2)
Banco Espanol de Credito v. Security Pacific National Bank	347	(4)
Secondary Loan Market	351	(1)
The Industry	352	(2)
Securitization	354	(1)
Comptroller's Handbook: Asset Securitization	355	(2)
Mortgage-Backed Securities	357	(1)
Ginnie Mae's Role in Home Ownership	357	(1)
Rockford Life Insurance Co. v. Illinois Department of Revenue	358	(2)
American Bankers Mortgage Corp. v. Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp.	360	(2)
Securities Industry Ass'n v. Clarke	362	(3)
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations	365	(1)
Banca Cremi, S.A. v. Alex. Brown & Sons, Inc.	366	(4)
Other Asset-Backed Securities	370	(1)
Student Loan Marketing Ass'n v. Riley	370	(3)
Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Conduits	373	(2)
Special Concerns Related to Securitizations by Banks	375	(2)
Interagency Final Rule	377	(3)
Loan Protection and Surety Bonds	380	(1)
JP Morgan Chase Bank v. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co.	381	(6)
Consumer Lending
Usury	387	(19)
National Banks	388	(1)
Tiffany v. National Bank of Missouri	388	(2)
Marquette National Bank of Minneapolis v. First of Omaha Service Corp.	390	(5)
Smiley v. Citibank (South Dakota), N.A.	395	(4)
State Banks	399	(1)
Greenwood Trust v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts	399	(7)
Truth in Lending Act (TILA)	406	(30)
Open-End versus Closed-End Credit	407	(1)
Benion v. Bank One, Dayton, N.A.	407	(2)
Fair Credit and Charge Card Disclosure Act	409	(1)
Statement by John P. LaWare	410	(1)
Fair Credit Billing Act	411	(1)
American Express Co. v. Koerner	411	(4)
First National City Bank v. Mullarkey	415	(2)
Home Equity Loan Consumer Protection Act (HELC)	417	(1)
Consumers Union of the U.S., Inc. v. Federal Reserve Board	417	(3)
Rights and Remedies	420	(1)
Rescission	420	(1)
Damages	420	(1)
Turner v. Beneficial Corp.	420	(4)
Arbitration	424	(1)
Green Tree Financial Corp.-Alabama v. Randolph	424	(6)
Randolph v. Green Tree Financial Corp.-Alabama	430	(6)
Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA)	436	(10)
Markham v. Colonial Mortgage Service Co.	436	(4)
Latimore v. Citibank Federal Savings Bank	440	(6)
Redlining, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA), and the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)	446	(11)
The 21st Century CRA: How Internet Banks are Causing Regulators to Rethink the Community Reinvestment Act	447	(2)
Lee v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	449	(3)
United States v. Chevy Chase Federal Savings Bank	452	(5)
Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA)	457	(5)
Heimmermann v. First Union Mortgage Corp.	457	(5)
Subprime and Predatory Lending	462	(21)
The Entrance of Banks Into Subprime Lending: First Union and the Money Store	463	(1)
OCC Advisory Letter AL 2003-2	464	(2)
United Companies Lending Corp. v. Sargeant	466	(6)
OCC Preemption Determination and Order	472	(5)
OCC, Final Rule: Bank Activities and Operations	477	(6)
Payday Lending	483	(4)
Bank Liabilities and Capital
Deposits	487	(48)
Types of Deposit Accounts	487	(1)
Lifeline or Basic Accounts	488	(1)
Certificates of Deposit	489	(1)
Marine Bank v. Weaver	490	(2)
Discriminatory Account Policies: The Truth in Savings Act	492	(1)
Garcia-Harding v. Bank Midwest, N.A.	492	(2)
Regulation of Deposit Amounts	494	(1)
Deposit Account Fees and ATM Fees	494	(1)
Video Trax, Inc. v. NationsBank, N.A.	495	(7)
Bank of America v. City and County of San Francisco	502	(11)
Check 21	513	(1)
Deposit Interest Rate Regulation	513	(1)
CF Industries, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue	514	(3)
Deposit Insurance	517	(1)
Amount of Coverage	518	(1)
Who is Covered	519	(1)
Sweep Account Issues	520	(1)
Brokered Deposits	521	(1)
Gary Plastic Packaging Corp. v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc.	521	(4)
FAIC Securities, Inc. v. United States	525	(4)
Set-Off	529	(1)
Farmers' National Bank v. Jones	529	(2)
Escheat Laws	531	(1)
Delaware v. New York	531	(2)
Former Official in Bankers Trust Fraud Case Claims a Set-Up	533	(2)
Non-Deposit Liabilities	535	(21)
Federal Funds Bought	535	(1)
Repos	535	(1)
Securities and Exchange Commission v. Miller	535	(7)
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co. v. Drysdale Securities Corp.	542	(2)
Bankers' Acceptances	544	(1)
United States v. Dougherty	545	(2)
Letters of Credit	547	(1)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. v. Philadelphia Gear Corp.	548	(3)
Centrifugal Casting Machine Co. v. American Bank & Trust Co.	551	(5)
Payment Methods	556	(22)
Credit and Debit Cards	556	(1)
National Bancard Corp. v. VISA, U.S.A.	556	(5)
In re VISA Check/MasterMoney Antitrust Litigation	561	(4)
Smart Cards or Stored Value Cards	565	(1)
One-Card 101: Wachovia Hits the Pit and Becomes the Partner Bank of the UNC One Card	565	(1)
FDIC, Definition of ``Deposit''	566	(1)
Electronic Transfers	567	(1)
Bisby v. D.C. National Bank	568	(2)
Eisenberg v. Wachovia Bank, N.A.	570	(4)
E-Money	574	(1)
Cyberbanking: Legal and Regulatory Considerations for Banking Organizations	574	(4)
Bank Capital	578	(23)
Evolution of Bank Capital Requirements	579	(1)
Inadequate Capital as an Unsafe and Unsound Practice	579	(1)
First National Bank of Bellaire v. Comptroller of the Currency	579	(3)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. v. Bank of Coushatta	582	(3)
Capital Ratios and the Basel Accord	585	(2)
Trading and Capital-Markets Activities Manual	587	(2)
Proposals for a New Accord	589	(2)
Capital in Other Contexts	591	(3)
Special Issues	594	(1)
Merchant Banking	594	(1)
Securitizations	595	(1)
Summary of the Basel Committee's: ``The New Basel Capital Accord''	596	(1)
Subordinated Debt	597	(1)
The Feasibility and Desirability of Mandatory Subordinated Debt	598	(1)
Savings Associations	599	(2)
Supervision, Enforcement, and Failed Bank Resolution
Bank Supervision	601	(6)
Camels Ratings System	602	(1)
FDIC, Manual of Examination Policies	602	(5)
Enforcement Powers	607	(14)
History of Enforcement Activities	607	(2)
Types of Enforcement Actions	609	(1)
Informal Supervisory and Enforcement Actions	609	(1)
Formal Enforcement Mechanisms	609	(3)
Conduct of the Administrative Process	612	(1)
Matter of Seidman	613	(8)
Failed Bank Resolution	621	(50)
Open Bank Assistance	621	(1)
Prompt Corrective Action	621	(1)
Closure of Bank	622	(1)
Resolution Methods	622	(1)
Redistributing Bank Insolvency Risks	623	(2)
Cross-Guarantees, the Controlling Company Guarantee Provision, and Source of Strength	625	(1)
Redistributing Bank Insolvency Risks	625	(4)
Back to the Parent: Holding Company Liability for Subsidiary Banks	629	(3)
Creditors and Priorities	632	(1)
Bank Insolvency Law Now That it Matters Again	632	(4)
Liability of Institution-Affiliated Parties, Including Officers, Directors, and Attorneys	636	(1)
Cease and Desist Order Against Institution-Affiliated Party	636	(1)
Kaye, Scholer and the OTS -- Did Anyone Go Too Far?	636	(5)
Kaye, Scholer, FIRREA, and the Desirability of Early Closure	641	(3)
Actions by Conservator or Receiver to Recover Losses from Officers or Directors	644	(1)
Resolution Trust Corp. v. Walde	644	(5)
Special Standards for Professional Negligence Actions Brought by Conservators or Receivers	649	(1)
A Political Economy of the Business Judgment Rule in Banking: Implications for Corporate Law	649	(2)
O'Melveny & Myers v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.	651	(3)
Atherton v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.	654	(3)
Criminal Sanctions	657	(1)
Examining the Increase in Federal Regulatory Requirements and Penalties	657	(8)
Claims by Debtors	665	(1)
Bank Insolvency Law Now That it Matters Again	665	(1)
MotorCity of Jacksonville, Ltd. v. Southeast Bank, N.A.	666	(5)
Geographic Expansion, Mergers, and Antitrust
Geographic Expansion	671	(31)
The History of In-State Branching Prior to Riegle-Neal	671	(1)
First National Bank in Plant City v. Dickinson	672	(4)
Clarke v. Securities Industry Ass'n	676	(6)
The History of Interstate Branching Prior to Riegle-Neal	682	(1)
Conference of state Bank Supervisors v. Office of Thrift Supervision	682	(3)
Bank One, Utah, N.A. v. Guttau	685	(7)
The History of Interstate Banking Prior to Riegle-Neal	692	(1)
Northeast Bancorp, Inc. v. Board of Governor of the Federal Reserve System	692	(10)
The Riegle-Neal Act	702	(4)
Repeal of the Douglas Amendment	703	(1)
Interstate Branching	703	(2)
Ban on Interstate Branching for Deposit Production	705	(1)
Bank Mergers and Acquisitions	706	(6)
Form of Combination	707	(2)
Business Issues	709	(2)
Regulatory Approvals	711	(1)
Antitrust Review	712	(29)
Definition of the Relevant Product Market	714	(1)
United States v. Philadelphia National Bank	714	(4)
United States v. Connecticut National Bank	718	(5)
The Influence of Enhanced Thrift Institution Powers on Commercial Bank Market Expansion	723	(1)
Convenience and Needs of the Community	724	(1)
County National Bancorporation v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	724	(5)
Market Concentration	729	(1)
The Influence of Enhanced Thrift Institution Powers on Commercial Bank Market Expansion	729	(1)
Federal Reserve System Research and Statistics	730	(3)
Order Approving the Merger of Bank Holding Companies	733	(3)
Mitigating Factors	736	(1)
Bank Mergers in Concentrated Markets: The Role of Mitigating Factors	736	(3)
Deposit Caps	739	(2)
Thrift Mergers and Acquisitions	741	(5)
Fort Worth National Corp. v. FSLIC	741	(5)
Director Interlocks	746	(7)
BankAmerica Corp. v. United States	746	(7)
Trust and Other Activities
Banks as Trustees	753	(10)
First National Bank of Bay City v. Fellows	753	(3)
American Trust Co. v. South Carolina State Board of Bank Control	756	(4)
Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co.	760	(3)
Fiduciary Standards	763	(17)
In re Bank of New York	764	(2)
Matter of OnBank & Trust Co.	766	(3)
First Alabama Bank of Montgomery, N.A. v. Martin	769	(6)
Central National Bank of Mattoon v. United States Department of Treasury	775	(5)
Pension Fund Management	780	(9)
Laborers National Pension Fund v. Northern Trust Quantitative Advisors, Inc.	780	(9)
Safe Deposit Boxes	789	(7)
National Safe Deposit Co. v. Stead	790	(3)
Morgan v. Citizens Bank of Spring Hope	793	(3)
Fund Transfer Services	796	(7)
Banca Commerciale Italiana, New York Branch v. Northern Trust International Banking Corp.	797	(6)
Securities Activities
Historical Limitations	803	(25)
Early Restrictions	803	(1)
Block v. Pennsylvania Exchange Bank	803	(3)
The Glass-Steagall Act	806	(1)
Securities Industry Ass'n v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	806	(3)
Investment Company Institute v. Camp	809	(2)
Brokering Securities	811	(1)
American Bankers Ass'n v. Securities and Exchange Commission	811	(5)
Securities Industry Ass'n v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	816	(2)
Underwriting Securities	818	(1)
Securities Industry Ass'n v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	819	(6)
Thrift Securities Activities	825	(1)
Securities Industry Ass'n v. Federal Home Loan Bank Board	826	(2)
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)	828	(10)
Background	828	(1)
CIT Group, Inc. v. Citicorp	829	(2)
Broker-Dealer Registration	831	(3)
Underwriting	834	(2)
Merchant Banking	836	(2)
Bank Securities Sales	838	(24)
In the Matter of NationsSecurities and NationsBank, N.A.	839	(3)
NASD Regulation Fines Citicorp Securities $25,000; Orders $300,000 in Disgorgement	842	(1)
Press v. Chemical Investment Services Corp.	843	(3)
Charter House, Inc. v. First Tennessee Bank, N.A.	846	(3)
In the Matter of First Union Securities, Inc.	849	(8)
In the Matter of Deutsche Asset Management, Inc.	857	(5)
Margin Requirements	862	(8)
Response to an Inquiry from Senator John C. Danforth	863	(4)
Schy v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.	867	(3)
Clearing and Settlement	870	(7)
Alex. Brown & Sons, Inc. v. Marine Midland Banks, Inc.	870	(3)
In the Matter of The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A.	873	(2)
Fidelity Partners, Inc. v. First Trust Co. of New York	875	(2)
Merger Activities	877	(3)
Norwest Bank Minnesota v. Sween Corp.	877	(3)
Mutual Funds	880	(10)
In the Matter of The Bank of California, N.A.	880	(2)
Olesh v. Dreyfus Corp.	882	(8)
Trust Indentures	890	(8)
Zeffiro v. First Pennsylvania Banking and Trust Co.	891	(3)
Elliott Associates v. J. Henry Schroder Bank & Trust Co.	894	(4)
Commercial Paper	898	(5)
Ryder International Corp. v. First American National Bank	899	(4)
Derivatives
Introduction to Derivatives	903	(15)
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Curran	903	(8)
Derivatives: Practices and Principles	911	(7)
Banks Enter the Derivatives Business	918	(4)
Federal Regulation of Bank Activities in the Commodities Markets	918	(4)
Hedging	922	(7)
Credit Derivatives: Guidelines for National Banks	922	(4)
Greene County Bank v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.	926	(3)
The Treasury Amendment	929	(4)
Dunn v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission	929	(4)
Over-the-Counter Derivatives	933	(21)
Procter & Gamble Co. v. Bankers Trust Co.	934	(9)
Caiola v. Citibank, N.A.	943	(11)
Accounting for Derivatives	954	(10)
Recommendations for Public Disclosure of Trading and Derivatives Activities of Banks and Securities Firms	954	(1)
The Impact of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 133 on the Banking Industry	954	(10)
Secondary Liability	964	(5)
In the Matter of Earl K. Riley Co.	964	(5)
Insurance
Introduction to Insurance	969	(8)
The Business of Insurance	969	(1)
New York Life Insurance Co. v. Statham	969	(3)
Regulation of Insurance -- Background and History	972	(1)
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and State Regulation of the Business of Insurance	973	(3)
Insurance Expands its Borders	976	(1)
Bank Insurance Activities Prior to Gramm-Leach-Bliley	977	(28)
What Will It Take for Bank Insurance to Succeed in the United States?	978	(4)
National Banks	982	(1)
Saxon v. Georgia Ass'n of Independent Insurance Agents, Inc.	982	(3)
Independent Insurance Agents of America v. Ludwig	985	(2)
OCC Interpretive Letter	987	(5)
Independent Insurance Agents of America, Inc. v. Hawke	992	(3)
State Banks	995	(2)
Citicorp v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	997	(7)
Nonbanking Subsidiary of a Bank Holding Company	1004	(1)
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)	1005	(20)
Nonbanking Subsidiary of a Holding Company	1006	(1)
National Banks and National Bank Subsidiaries	1007	(1)
State Banks and State Bank Subsidiaries	1008	(1)
State Regulation of Insurance	1009	(1)
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and State Regulation of the Business of Insurance	1009	(9)
In re Lutheran Brotherhood Variable Insurance Products Co. Sales Practices Litigation	1018	(7)
International Banking
Foreign Bank Operations in the United States	1025	(18)
International Banking Act	1025	(1)
United States v. Lewis	1025	(3)
McHugh v. Westpac Banking Corp.	1028	(3)
International Coordination of Regulation	1031	(1)
International Banking: Strengthening the Framework for Supervising International Banks	1032	(2)
United States v. BCCI Holdings (Luxembourg), S.A.	1034	(4)
United States v. Drogoul	1038	(1)
Foreign Bank Supervision Enhancement Act	1039	(1)
International Banking: Strengthening the Framework for Supervising International Banks	1039	(2)
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)	1041	(2)
Regulatory Framework	1043	(1)
International Operations of United States Banks	1043	(12)
Apfel v. Mellon	1044	(3)
Allied Bank International v. Banco Credito Agricola de Cartago	1047	(4)
Citibank, N.A. v. Wells Fargo Asia, Ltd.	1051	(4)
Comparative Regulation	1055	(18)
Japan	1055	(1)
Super - Regulator: A Comparative Analysis of Securities and Derivatives Regulation	1056	(4)
United Kingdom	1060	(1)
Financial Services Authority	1061	(2)
Germany	1063	(1)
The New German Financial Supervisory Authority	1064	(6)
European Union	1070	(3)
International Monetary System	1073	(12)
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co.	1075	(4)
Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Franklin Mint Corp.	1079	(3)
Elliott Associates, L.P. v. Banco De La Nacion	1082	(3)
Money Laundering	1085	(19)
California Bankers Ass'n v. Shultz	1087	(6)
Lee v. Bankers Trust Co.	1093	(3)
United States v. Giraldi	1096	(4)
United States v. One 1997 E35 Ford Van	1100	(4)
Financial Embargos	1104	(7)
Dames & Moore v. Regan	1105	(1)
Banque San Paolo v. Iraqi State Co. for Food Stuff Trading	1105	(6)
Index	1111