The Regulatory and Administrative State Materials, Cases, Comments

by Heinzerling, Lisa; Tushnet, Mark V.

• ISBN13: 9780195189315
• ISBN10: 0195189310
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-10-06
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The casebook introduces students to the reasons for regulation, the ways in which regulation can go awry, the choice of legal institutions, the choice of regulatory instruments, and the art of statutory interpretation. The book uses several substantive subject areas as recurring themes, all involving the regulation of risk. The primary market for this casebook are law students taking a course on the Regulatory State; a secondary market may be found in schools of public policy.

Table of Contents

Part I Justifying Regulation When Parties Contract	1	(108)
Legal Responses to the Problem of Allocating Risk	3	(34)
Background; Risk in the Modern United States	3	(10)
Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy (2000)	3	(4)
Robert V. Percival
``A Trench Caves In; a Young Worker Is Dead. Is It a Crime?'' New York Times, Dec. 21, 2003	7	(6)
David Barstow
The Traditional Framework at Common Law	13	(7)
Farwell v. The Boston and Worcester Rail Road Corporation, 45 Mass. 49 (1842)	13	(5)
Comments and Questions	18	(2)
The Traditional Framework in Constitutional Law	20	(17)
Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905)	20	(14)
Comments and Questions	34	(3)
An Economic Perspective	37	(16)
The Supreme Court, 1983 Term---Foreword: The Court and the Economic System, 98 Harv. L. Rev. 4 (1984)	37	(4)
Frank Easterbrook
Comments and Questions	41	(1)
Risk by Choice: Regulating Health and Safety in the Workplace (1983)	42	(3)
W. Kip Viscusi
Comments and Questions	45	(2)
Hazard Pay for Workers: Risk and Reward, 23 Env't 62 (1981)	47	(4)
Julie Graham
Don Shakow
Regulating Safety: A Political and Economic Analysis of OSHA (1979)	51	(1)
John M. Mendeloff
Comments and Questions	52	(1)
Alternative Perspectives	53	(56)
Market-Inalienability	53	(10)
Market Inalienability, 100 Harv. L. Rev. 1849 (1987)	54	(8)
Margaret Jane Radin
Comments and Questions	62	(1)
Unequal Bargaining Power	63	(46)
Responses to Occupational Disease: The Role of Markets, Regulation, and Information, 72 Geo. L.J. 1231 (1984)	64	(2)
Elinor P. Schroeder
Sidney A. Shapiro
Coercion, Contract, and Free Labor in the Nineteenth Century (2001)	66	(3)
Robert J. Steinfeld
Comments and Questions	69	(1)
Progressive Law and Economics and the New Administrative Law, 98 Yale L.J. 341 (1988)	70	(1)
Susan Rose-Ackerman
Comments and Questions	70	(1)
Distributive and Paternalist Motives in Contract and Tort Law, with Special Reference to Compulsory Terms and Unequal Bargaining Power, 41 Md. L. Rev. 563 (1982)	71	(27)
Duncan Kennedy
Comments and Questions	98	(3)
Paternalism and Public Policy, 15 Econ. & Phil. 63 (1999)	101	(3)
Bill New
Risk by Choice: Regulating Health and Safety in the Workplace (1983)	104	(2)
W. Kip Vicusi
Comments and Questions	106	(3)
Part II Doctrinal and Institutional Limits of the Common Law	109	(208)
Doctrinal Limits	111	(94)
Criminal Law: The Role of Mens Rea	111	(89)
Murder and Cost-Benefit Analysis	111	(2)
Comments and Questions	113	(1)
Indictment of Ford Motor Company	114	(1)
Comments and Questions	115	(2)
Deliberate Indifference?	117	(1)
The People of the State of Illinois v. O'Neil, 194 Ill. App. 3d 79 (1990)	117	(7)
Comments and Questions	124	(1)
Battery and ``Force''	124	(2)
Appropriateness of Common Law Crimes to Address Corporate Risk Creation	126	(1)
Criminal Liability under Regulatory Statutes	127	(1)
Tort: Recovery for (Pure?) Risk and Fear	128	(1)
Recovery for Mere Exposure to Risk and Reduction in Life Expectancy	129	(1)
Ayers v. Township of Jackson, 106 N.J. 557 (1987)	129	(18)
DePass v. United States of America, 721 F.2d 203 (7th Cir. 1983)	147	(7)
Comments and Questions	154	(1)
Recovery for Fear Resulting from Mere Exposure to Risk	155	(1)
Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company v. Buckley, 521 U.S. 424 (1997)	156	(9)
Comments and Questions	165	(1)
Placing a Value on Exposure to Risk	166	(1)
Sterling v. Velsicol Chemical Corporation, 855 F.2d 1188 (6th Cir. 1987)	166	(5)
Comments and Questions	171	(1)
Perception of Risk, 236 Science 280 (1987)	171	(10)
Paul Slovic
Trust, Emotion, Sex, Politics, and Science: Surveying the Risk Assessment Battlefield, 1997 U. Chi. Legal F. 59	181	(8)
Paul Slovic
Optimistic Biases about Personal Risks, 246 Science 1232 (1989)	189	(1)
Neil D. Weinstein
Comments and Questions	190	(2)
Courts and Legislatures as Policy-Making Institutions: An Introduction	192	(1)
The Forms and Limits of Adjudication, 92 Harv. L. Rev. 353 (1978)	192	(7)
Lon L. Fuller
Comments and Questions	199	(1)
An Introduction to Problems of Professional Ethics	200	(5)
``A Fine Kettle of Fish (and Arsenic?),'' American Lawyer, March 1993, Supplement: In-House Ethics	201	(2)
Stephen Gillers
Comments and Questions	203	(2)
Institutional Strengths and Limits	205	(70)
Two General Accounts of Institutional Differences	205	(26)
Risk, Courts, and Agencies, 138 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1027 (1990)	205	(14)
Clayton Gillette
James Krier
Comments and Questions	219	(2)
Injuries and Institutions: Tort Reform, Tort Theory, and Beyond, 65 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 23 (1990)	221	(10)
Neil K. Komesar
Comments and Questions	231	(1)
The Sociology of Claiming Legal Rights	231	(14)
The Emergence and Transformation of Disputes: Naming, Blaming, Claiming . . ., 15 Law & Soc'y Rev. 531 (1980--81)	231	(8)
William L. F. Felstiner
Richard Abel
Austin Sarat
Comments and Questions	239	(6)
How Real-World Problems Become Social and Legal Problems	245	(30)
``The Street of Walking Death'': Silicosis, Health, and Labor in the Tri-State Region, 1900--1950, 77 J. Am. His. 525 (1990)	245	(12)
Gerald Markowitz
David Rosner
Comments and Questions	257	(1)
Silent Spring (1962)	258	(5)
Rachel L. Carson
Comments and Questions	263	(1)
Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992)	264	(9)
Comments and Questions	273	(2)
Linking Common Law and Statutes: The Case of Workers' Compensation	275	(42)
Workers' Compensation Laws	275	(20)
Social Change and the Law of Industrial Accidents, 67 Colum. L. Rev. 50 (1967)	276	(7)
Lawrence M. Friedman
Jack Ladinsky
Comments and Questions	283	(1)
Ives v. South Buffalo Railway Co., 201 N.Y. 271 (1911)	284	(2)
Comments and Questions	286	(1)
New York Central Railroad Co. v. White, 243 U.S. 188 (1916)	287	(7)
Comments and Questions	294	(1)
Moral Hazard	295	(11)
``As Cars Get Safer, Drivers Take Risks,'' New York Times, April 10, 1994	296	(1)
Robert S. Chirinko
An Introduction to Law and Economics (2003)	297	(1)
A. Mitchell Polinsky
Comments and Questions	298	(1)
Compensation Mechanisms for Job Risks: Wages, Workers' Compensation, and Product Liability (1990)	298	(1)
Michael J. Moore
W. Kip Viscusi
Markets and Mortality: Economics, Dangerous Work, and the Value of Human Life (1996)	299	(1)
Peter Dorman
``The Moral-Hazard Myth: The Bad Idea behind Our Failed Health-Care System,'' The New Yorker, Aug. 29, 2005	300	(3)
Malcolm Gladwell
Comments and Questions	303	(1)
U.S. Department of Labor, Interim Report to Congress on Occupational Diseases (1980)	304	(1)
Comments and Questions	305	(1)
Modern Workers' Compensation Systems	306	(11)
Crisis in the Workplace: Occupational Disease and Injury (1976)	306	(2)
Nicholas Ashford
Responses to Occupational Disease: The Role of Markets, Regulation, and Information, 72 Geo. L.J. 1231 (1984)	308	(1)
Elinor P. Schroeder
Sidney A. Shapiro
Comments and Questions	309	(3)
Promoting Workplace Safety and Health in the Post-Regulatory Era: A Primer on Non-OSHA Legal Incentives That Influence Employer Decisions to Control Occupational Hazards, 17 N. Ky. L. Rev. 9 (1989)	312	(3)
William J. Maakestad
Charles Helm
Comments and Questions	315	(2)
Part III The Modern Regulatory State	317	(434)
Statutory Interpretation: The Basic Issues	319	(96)
Statutory Interpretation: Theory	319	(31)
Remarks on the Theory of Appellate Decision and the Rules or Canons about How Statutes Are to Be Construed, 3 Vand. L. Rev. 395 (1950)	319	(8)
Karl Llewellyn
Comments and Questions	327	(1)
Statutes' Domains, 50 U. Chi. L. Rev. 533 (1983)	328	(9)
Frank H. Easterbrook
Comments and Questions	337	(2)
On the Uses of Legislative History in Interpreting Statutes, 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 845 (1992)	339	(10)
Stephen Breyer
Comments and Questions	349	(1)
Cases	350	(28)
Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States, 143 U.S. 457 (1892)	351	(4)
Comments and Questions	355	(1)
United States of America v. Marshall, 908 F.2d 1312 (7th Cir., 1990)	356	(10)
Comments and Questions	366	(1)
Chisom v. Roemer, 501 U.S. 380 (1991)	367	(2)
Comments and Questions	369	(1)
Chickasaw Nation v. United States, 534 U.S. 84 (2001)	369	(8)
Comments and Questions	377	(1)
Statutory Interpretation by Administrative Agencies	378	(37)
Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 467 U.S. 837 (1984)	379	(7)
Comments and Questions	386	(2)
Food & Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120 (2000)	388	(24)
Comments and Questions	412	(1)
Concluding Note	413	(2)
From Statutes to Rules	415	(46)
The Development of Administrative Law	415	(23)
The Reformation of American Administrative Law, 88 Harv. L. Rev. 1669 (1975)	416	(6)
Richard Stewart
Comments and Questions	422	(3)
Rule Making under the Administrative Procedure Act	425	(2)
Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 435 U.S. 519 (1978)	427	(7)
Comments and Questions	434	(2)
``Flooded with Comments, Officials Plug Their Ears,'' New York Times, Nov. 17, 2002	436	(2)
Katherine Q. Seelye
Judicial Review of Agency Rules on the Merits: The ``Arbitrary and Capricious'' Standard	438	(23)
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Assoc. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 463 U.S. 29 (1983)	438	(11)
Comments and Questions	449	(1)
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 462 U.S. 87 (1983)	450	(7)
Comments and Questions	457	(4)
Assessing Regulation	461	(86)
How Regulation Can Fail: Theory	461	(22)
The Dilemma of Toxic Substance Regulation (1988)	461	(8)
John Mendeloff
Comments and Questions	469	(1)
Paradoxes of the Regulatory State, 57 U. Chi. L. Rev. 407 (1990)	470	(8)
Cass R. Sunstein
Comments and Questions	478	(1)
``Richer Is Safer,'' 60 The Public Interest 23 (1980)	479	(2)
Aaron Wildavsky
Comments and Questions	481	(2)
How Regulation Can Fail: Practice	483	(11)
Competitive Enterprise Institute v. National Highway Traffic Safety Admin., 956 F.2d 321 (D.C. Cir. 1992)	483	(5)
Comments and Questions	488	(1)
Consolidated DDT Hearings: Opinion and Order of the Administrator, 37 Fed. Reg. 13369 (1972)	489	(4)
William D. Ruckelshaus
Comments and Questions	493	(1)
What Is Cost-Benefit Analysis?	494	(15)
Pricing the Priceless: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Protection, 150 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1553 (2002)	494	(2)
Frank Ackerman
Lisa Heinzerling
``Benefit-Cost Analysis: Do the Benefits Exceed the Costs?'' from Risks, Costs, and Lives Saved: Getting Better Results from Regulation (Robert W. Hahn ed., 1996)	496	(1)
Lester B. Lave
Crisis in the Workplace (1976)	497	(1)
Nicholas Ashford
Comments and Questions	498	(1)
Fatal Tradeoffs (1992)	499	(5)
W. Kip Viscusi
Comments and Questions	504	(5)
The Case for, and against, Cost-Benefit Analysis	509	(38)
American Trucking Associations v. Whitman, 1999 U.S. Briefs 1426	509	(2)
``A Review of the Record,'' Regulation, Nov.--Dec. 1986	511	(6)
John F. Morrall III
Comments and Questions	517	(1)
Pricing the Priceless: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Protection, 150 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1553 (2002)	518	(14)
Frank Ackerman
Lisa Heinzerling
Comments and Questions	532	(1)
Reinventing the Regulatory State, 62 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1 (1995)	533	(8)
Richard H. Pildes
Cass R. Sunstein
Comments and Questions	541	(1)
Corrosion Proof Fittings v. EPA, 947 F.2d 1201 (5th Cir. 1991)	541	(3)
Comments and Questions	544	(3)
Information Provision	547	(66)
General Considerations	548	(9)
Regulation and Its Reform (1982)	548	(1)
Stephen Breyer
Progressive Law and Economics and the New Administrative Law, 98 Yale L.J. 341 (1988)	549	(2)
Susan Rose-Ackerman
``OSHA after a Decade: A Time for Reason,'' from Case Studies in Regulation: Revolution and Reform (Leonard W. Weiss & Michael W. Klass eds., 1981)	551	(1)
Albert Nichols
Richard Zeckhauser
Risk by Choice: Regulating Health and Safety in the Workplace (1983)	551	(6)
W. Kip Viscusi
Comments and Questions	557	(1)
Generating Information Collectively	557	(9)
Markets and Mortality: Economics, Dangerous Work, and the Value of Human Life (1996)	557	(3)
Peter Dorman
Comments and Questions	560	(1)
Informing America: Risk, Disclosure, and the First Amendment, 20 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 653 (1993)	561	(5)
Cass R. Sunstein
Comments and Questions	566	(1)
California's Proposition 65: A Case Study in Information Provision	566	(6)
Nicolle-Wagner v. Deukmejian, 230 Cal. App. 3d 652 (1991)	567	(3)
Comments and Questions	570	(2)
Understanding Information: What Psychologists Might Tell Us	572	(26)
Taking Behavioralism Seriously: The Problem of Market Manipulation, 74 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 630 (1999)	572	(23)
Jon D. Hanson
Douglas A. Kysar
Comments and Questions	595	(3)
The First Amendment and Information-Based Regulation	598	(15)
International Dairy Foods Association v. Amestoy, 92 F.3d 67 (2nd Cir. 1996)	599	(10)
Comments and Questions	609	(2)
Concluding Note	611	(2)
Standard Setting---Feasibility, Health, Technology, and Trading	613	(52)
Zero or De Minimis Risk	613	(5)
Les v. Reilly, 968 F.2d 985 (9th Cir. 1992)	613	(5)
Comments and Questions	618	(1)
Significant Risk and Feasibility	618	(20)
Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO v. American Petroleum Institute (the Benzene Case), 448 U.S. 607 (1980)	618	(15)
Comments and Questions	633	(5)
Public Health Standards	638	(11)
Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc., 531 U.S. 457 (2001)	638	(4)
Comments and Questions	642	(2)
American Lung Association v. Environmental Protection Agency, 134 F.3d 388 (D.C. Cir. 1998)	644	(5)
Comments and Questions	649	(1)
Implementing Standards: Technology and Market-Based Systems	649	(16)
Reforming Environmental Law, 37 Stan. L. Rev. 1333 (1985)	650	(12)
Bruce A. Ackerman
Richard B. Stewart
Comments and Questions	662	(3)
The Nondelegation Problem	665	(18)
American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. Environmental Protection Agency, 175 F.3d 1027 (D.C. Cir. 1999)	667	(6)
Comments and Questions	673	(1)
Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc., 531 U.S. 457 (2001)	674	(2)
Comments and Questions	676	(1)
Geo-Tech Reclamation Industries, Inc. v. Hamrick, 886 F.2d 662 (4th Cir. 1989)	677	(4)
Comments and Questions	681	(2)
Political Approaches to Choices among Regulatory Institutions	683	(68)
The Politics of Institutional Choice	683	(40)
Beyond Public Choice and Public Interest: A Study of the Legislative Process as Illustrated by Tax Legislation in the 1980s, 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (1990)	684	(9)
Daniel Shaviro
Comments and Questions	693	(3)
Cases and Materials on Legislation: Statutes and the Creation of Public Policy (1988)	696	(3)
William N. Eskridge, Jr.
Philip P. Frickey
Comments and Questions	699	(1)
Congress: The Electoral Connection (1975)	700	(3)
David Mayhew
Congress---Keystone of the Washington Establishment (1977)	703	(2)
Morris P. Fiorina
Comments and Questions	705	(1)
Beyond Public Choice and Public Interest: A Study of the Legislative Process as Illustrated by Tax Legislation in the 1980s, 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1 (1990)	706	(10)
Daniel Shaviro
Self-Interest in Political Life, 18 Political Theory 132 (1990)	716	(6)
Jane Mansbridge
Comments and Questions	722	(1)
Applying the Analysis: Setting Regulatory Priorities	723	(28)
Industrial Resistance to Occupational Safety and Health Legislation: 1971--1981, 53 Social Problems 103 (1984)	723	(12)
Andrew Szasz
Comments and Questions	735	(1)
Overcoming Barriers to Better Regulation, 18 Law & Social Inquiry 711 (1993)	736	(5)
John Mendeloff
Comments and Questions	741	(1)
Memo from John D. Graham to Agency Heads (Sept. 2001)	742	(2)
Comments and Questions	744	(1)
Heckler v. Chaney, 470 U.S. 821 (1985)	745	(3)
Comments and Questions	748	(1)
Concluding Note	749	(2)
Part IV The Regulatory and Administrative State in the Twenty-First Century: New Perspectives	751	(72)
Comparative Approaches	753	(40)
Great Britain	753	(5)
National Styles of Regulation: Environmental Policy in Great Britain and the United States (1986)	753	(3)
David Vogel
Comments and Questions	756	(2)
Japan	758	(16)
``Courts and Law in Japan,'' from Courts, Law, and Politics in Comparative Perspective (Herbert Jacob et al. eds., 1996)	758	(6)
Joseph Sanders
Comments and Questions	764	(2)
Psychological Barriers to Litigation Settlement: An Experimental Approach, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 107 (1994)	766	(1)
Russell Korobkin
Chris Guthrie
Apology Subverted: The Commodification of Apology, 109 Yale L.J. 1135 (2000)	767	(2)
Lee Taft
``Does Law Mean Never Having to Say You're Sorry?'' 85 A.B.A. Journal 64 (Dec. 1999)	769	(4)
Steven Keeva
Comments and Questions	773	(1)
Adversarial Legalism	774	(19)
Adversarial Legalism: The American Way of Law (2001)	774	(16)
Robert A. Kagan
Comments and Questions	790	(3)
Proposals for Reform	793	(30)
Madison's Nightmare, 57 U. Chi. L. Rev. 335 (1990)	794	(3)
Richard B. Stewart
Comments and Questions	797	(1)
Reflexive Environmental Law, 89 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1227 (1995)	798	(6)
Eric W. Orts
Comments and Questions	804	(1)
Interlocking Regulatory and Industrial Relations: The Governance of Workplace Safety, 57 Admin. L. Rev. 1071 (2005)	804	(6)
Orly Lobel
Comments and Questions	810	(1)
Collaborative Governance in the Administrative State, 45 UCLA L. Rev. 1 (1997)	811	(4)
Jody Freeman
Administrative Democracy, 40 U. Toronto L.J. 559 (1990)	815	(7)
Jerry Frug
Comments and Questions	822	(1)
Table of Cases	823	(6)
Index	829