Reinforced Concrete : A Fundamental Approach

by Nawy, Edward G

• ISBN13: 9780130083944
• ISBN10: 0130083941
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Reinforced Concrete-A Fundamental Approach, Fifth Edition Edward G. Nawy The fifth edition of this highly acclaimed work reflects the very latest ACI-02 Building Code and includes these major changes and additions: * Strain Limits Design Method in all design examples as mandated in the new code, using the new load factors and strength reduction factors. * An updated chapter on seismic design of buildings to comply with the major changes in the ACI 318 Code, and the new International Building Code provisions (IBC 2000-2003) on seismic design. The chapter has new several additional examples on confinement, frames, and shear wall design. * A new chapter on LRFD design of bridge deck structures in accordance with AASHTO 2002. * A new section on the strut-and-tie modeling for the design of reinforced concrete deep beams, with an extensive design example using the ACI 318-02 appendix provisions for this method. * A comprehensive chapter on concrete materials and design of concrete mixtures for normal strength and high-strength, high-performance concretes. This is a self-contained textbook, that can be used for one-semester undergraduate- or graduate-level courses in reinforced concrete in standard civil engineering programs. It is equally useful for the practicing engineer. It is the only book that closely and systematically applies procedural flowcharts throughout, which simplify the understanding and application of the subject in design. This edition provides thorough coverage of short- and long-term material behavior, design of concrete mixtures, reliability and structural safety, serviceability behavior of beams and two-way slabs and plates, torsion and shear, design of two-way structural slab and plate systems, continuity in concrete structures, LRFD design of bridge decks, and seismic design of high-rise buildings in seismic zones. An appendix contains Q-BASIC computer programs with typical program documentation and solutions, and an extended appendix of monograms and tables using the new load factors, strength reduction factors, and limit strains design procedures mandated in the new ACI 318-02 code. Comprehensive sketches, working drawings, end-of-chapter problems, pictures of actual structural tests to failure, and flowcharts appear throughout the book. About the Author Dr. Edward G. Nawy is a distinguished professor with the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. He has been active in the ACI and PCI since 1949 and is internationally recognized for his extensive research in the fields of reinforced and prestressed concrete, particularly in the areas of serviceability and crack control. Dr. Nawy's work has been published in technical journals worldwide (over 160 technical papers). He is the author of Prestressed Concrete, Fourth Edition, (Prentice Hall, 2003), High Strength High Performance Concrete, Second Edition, (Wiley, 2001) and Concrete Construction Engineering Handbook (CRC Press, 1998). He has been the recipient of several major awards, including the Henry L. Kennedy Award and the Robert E. Philleo Research Council Award, both from the American Concrete Institute. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, California, and Florida, an Evaluator for the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), and has been a consultant in structural engineering throughout the United States.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(6)
Historical Development of Structural Concrete	1	(1)
Basic Hypothesis of Reinforced Concrete	2	(1)
Analysis versus Design of Sections	3	(4)
Concrete-Producing Materials	7	(13)
Introduction	7	(1)
Portland Cement	8	(3)
Water and Air	11	(1)
Aggregates	12	(3)
Admixtures	15	(5)
Selected References	19	(1)
Concrete	20	(48)
Introduction	20	(2)
Proportioning Theory---Normal Strength Concrete	22	(7)
High-Strength High-Performance Concrete Mixtures Design	29	(11)
PCA Method of Mixture Design	40	(1)
Estimating Compressive Strength of a Trial Mixture Using the Specified Compressive Strength	40	(5)
Mixture Designs for Nuclear-Shielding Concrete	45	(1)
Quality Tests on Concrete	45	(1)
Placing and Curing of Concrete	46	(2)
Properties of Hardened Concrete	48	(11)
High-Strength Concrete	59	(9)
Selected References	65	(2)
Problems for Solution	67	(1)
Reinforced Concrete	68	(23)
Introduction	68	(1)
Types and Properties of Steel Reinforcement	69	(1)
Bar Spacing and Concrete Cover for Steel Reinforcement	70	(3)
Concrete Structural Systems	73	(1)
Reliability and Structural Safety of Concrete Components	74	(5)
ACI Load Factors and Safety Margins	79	(2)
Design Strength versus Nominal Strength: Strength Reduction Factor φ	81	(1)
Quality Control and Quality Assurance	82	(9)
Selected References	89	(2)
Flexure in Beams	91	(58)
Introduction	91	(4)
The Equivalent Rectangular Block	95	(5)
Strain Limits Method for Analysis and Design	100	(3)
Analysis of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beams for Flexure	103	(5)
Trial-and-Adjustment Procedures for the Design of Singly Reinforced Beams	108	(4)
One-Way Slabs	112	(2)
Doubly Reinforced Section	114	(9)
Nonrectangular Section	123	(1)
Analysis of T and L Beams	124	(7)
Trial-and-Adjustment Procedure for the Design of Flanged Sections	131	(9)
Concrete Joist Construction	140	(1)
SI Expressions and Example for Flexural Design of Beams	141	(8)
Selected References	144	(1)
Problems for Solution	145	(4)
Shear and Diagonal Tension in Beams	149	(60)
Introduction	149	(2)
Behavior of Homogeneous Beams	151	(1)
Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams as Nonhomogeneous Sections	152	(2)
Reinforced Concrete Beams without Diagonal Tension Reinforcement	154	(3)
Diagonal Tension Analysis of Slender and Intermediate Beams	157	(2)
Web Steel Planar Truss Analogy	159	(4)
Web Reinforcement Design Procedure for Shear	163	(1)
Examples of the Design of Web Steel for Shear	164	(5)
Deep Beams	169	(12)
Brackets or Corbels	181	(9)
Strut-and-Tie Model Analysis and Design of Concrete Elements	190	(11)
SI Design Expressions and Example for Shear Design	201	(8)
Selected References	204	(1)
Problems for Solution	205	(4)
Torsion	209	(51)
Introduction	209	(3)
Pure Torsion in Plain Concrete Elements	212	(7)
Torsion in Reinforced Concrete Elements	219	(5)
Shear-Torsion-Bending Interaction	224	(1)
ACI Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Combined Torsion, Bending, and Shear	225	(26)
SI Metric Torsion Expressions and Example for Torsion Design	251	(9)
Selected References	255	(2)
Problems for Solution	257	(3)
Serviceability of Beams and One-Way Slabs	260	(45)
Introduction	260	(1)
Significance of Deflection Observation	261	(1)
Deflection Behavior of Beams	261	(7)
Long-Term Deflection	268	(2)
Permissible Deflections in Beams and One-Way Slabs	270	(1)
Computation of Deflections	271	(5)
Deflection of Continuous Beams	276	(10)
Operational Deflection Calculation Procedure and Flow Chart	286	(1)
Deflection Control in One-Way Slabs	287	(4)
Flexural Cracking in Beams and One-Way Slabs	291	(6)
Tolerable Crack Widths	297	(1)
ACI 318 Code Provisions for Control of Flexural Cracking	297	(2)
SI Conversion Expressions and Example of Deflection Evaluation	299	(6)
Selected References	302	(1)
Problems for Solution	302	(3)
Combined Compression and Bending: Columns	305	(89)
Introduction	305	(1)
Types of Columns	306	(3)
Strength of Short Concentrically Loaded Columns	309	(3)
Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Columns: Axial Load and Bending	312	(3)
Strain Limits Method to Establish Reliability Factor φ and Analysis and Design of Compression Members	315	(15)
Whitney's Approximate Solution in Lieu of Exact Solutions	330	(7)
Column Strength Reduction Factor φ	337	(2)
Load-Moment Strength Interaction Diagrams (P-M Diagrams) for Columns Controlled by Material Failure	339	(7)
Practical Design Considerations	346	(2)
Operational Procedure for the Design of Nonslender Columns	348	(1)
Numerical Examples for Analysis and Design of Nonslender Columns	348	(8)
Limit State at Buckling Failure (Slender or Long Columns)	356	(4)
Moment Magnification: First-Order Analysis	360	(4)
Second-order Frame Analysis and the P-Δ Effect	364	(1)
Operational Procedure and Flow Chart for the Design of Slender Columns	365	(6)
Compression Members in Biaxial Bending	371	(17)
SI Expressions and Example for the Design of Compression Members	388	(6)
Selected References	390	(1)
Problems for Solution	390	(4)
Bond Development of Reinforcing Bars	394	(40)
Introduction	394	(1)
Bond Stress Development	395	(4)
Basic Development Length	399	(11)
Development of Flexural Reinforcement in Continuous Beams	410	(6)
Splicing of Reinforcement	416	(2)
Examples of Embedment Length and Splice Design for Beam Reinforcement	418	(4)
Typical Detailing of Reinforcement and Bar Scheduling	422	(12)
Selected References	432	(1)
Problems for Solution	432	(2)
Design of Two-Way Slabs and Plates	434	(90)
Introduction: Review of Methods	434	(3)
Flexural Behavior of Two-Way Slabs and Plates	437	(1)
The Direct Design Method	438	(4)
Distributed Factored Moments and Slab Reinforcement by the Direct Design Method	442	(10)
Design and Analysis Procedure: Direct Design Method	452	(22)
Equivalent Frame Method for Floor Slab Design	474	(11)
SI Two-Way Slab Design Expressions and Example	485	(9)
Direct Method of Deflection Evaluation	494	(6)
Cracking Behavior and Crack Control in Two-Way-Action Slabs and Plates	500	(7)
Yield-Line Theory for Two-Way Action Plates	507	(17)
Selected References	521	(1)
Problems for Solution	522	(2)
Footings	524	(32)
Introduction	524	(2)
Types of Foundations	526	(1)
Shear and Flexural Behavior of Footings	527	(3)
Soil Bearing Pressure at Base of Footings	530	(5)
Design Considerations in Flexure	535	(1)
Design Considerations in Shear	536	(2)
Operational Procedure for the Design of Footings	538	(3)
Examples of Footing Design	541	(13)
Structural Design of Other Types of Foundations	554	(2)
Selected References	554	(1)
Problems for Solution	555	(1)
Continuous Reinforced Concrete Structures	556	(55)
Introduction	556	(2)
Longhand Displacement Methods	558	(1)
Force Method of Analysis	558	(6)
Displacement Method of Analysis	564	(7)
Finite-Element Methods and Computer Usage	571	(1)
Approximate Analysis of Continuous Beams and Frames	572	(26)
Limit Design (Analysis) of Indeterminate Beams and Frames	598	(13)
Selected References	608	(1)
Problems for Solution	609	(2)
Introduction to Prestressed Concrete	611	(47)
Basic Concepts of Prestressing	611	(6)
Partial Loss of Prestress	617	(6)
Flexural Design of Prestressed Concrete Elements	623	(15)
Serviceability Requirements in Prestressed Concrete Members	638	(1)
Ultimate-Strength Flexural Design of Prestressed Beams	639	(7)
Example 14.5: Ultimate-Strength Design of Prestressed Simply Supported Beam by Strain Compatibility	646	(4)
Web Reinforcement Design Procedure for Shear	650	(8)
Selected References	654	(1)
Problems for Solution	654	(4)
Lrfd Aashto Design of Concrete Bridge Structures	658	(48)
LRFD Truck Load Specifications	658	(10)
Flexural Design Considerations	668	(5)
Shear Design Considerations	673	(5)
Horizontal Interface Shear	678	(2)
Combined Shear and Torsion	680	(2)
Step-by-Step LRFD Design Procedures	682	(3)
LRFD Design of Bulb-Tee Bridge Deck: Example 15.1	685	(12)
LRFD Shear and Deflection Design: Example 15.2	697	(9)
Selected References	704	(1)
Problems for Solution	705	(1)
Seismic Design of Concrete Structures	706	(59)
Introduction: Mechanism of Earthquakes	706	(5)
Spectral Response Method	711	(7)
Equivalent Lateral Force Method	718	(6)
Simplified Analysis Procedure for Seismic Design of Buildings	724	(1)
Other Aspects in Seismic Design	725	(1)
Flexural Design of Beams and Columns	725	(4)
Seismic Detailing Requirements for Beams and Columns	729	(4)
Horizontal Shear in Beam---Column Connections (Joints)	733	(2)
Design of Shear Walls	735	(3)
Design Procedure for Earthquake-Resistant Structures	738	(9)
Example 16.1: Seismic Base Shear and Lateral Forces and Moments by the International Building Code (IBC) Approach	747	(3)
Example 16.2: Design of Confining Reinforcement for Beam---Column Connections	750	(4)
Example 16.3: Transverse Reinforcement in a Beam Potential Hinge Region	754	(1)
Example 16.4: Probable Shear Strength of Monolithic Beam---Column Joint	755	(2)
Example 16.5: Seismic Shear Wall Design and Detailing	757	(8)
Selected References	763	(1)
Problems for Solution	764	(1)
Appendix A Computer Programs in Q-Basic	765	(14)
Appendix B Tables and Nomograms	779	(34)
Index	813