Reinforced Concrete Slabs

by Park, Robert; Gamble, William L.

• ISBN13: 9780471348504
• ISBN10: 0471348503
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-12-28
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of reinforced concrete slabs-from leading authorities in the field. Offering an essential background for a thorough understanding of building code requirements and design procedures for slabs, Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Second Edition provides a full treatment of today's approaches to reinforced concrete slab analysis and design. Now brought up to date with a wealth of new material on computer optimization, the equivalent frame method, lateral load analysis, and other current topics, the new edition of this classic text begins with a general discussion of slab analysis and design, followed by an exploration of key methods (equivalent frame, direct design, and strip methods) and theories (elastic, lower bound, and yield line theories). Later chapters discuss other important issues, including shear strength, serviceability, membrane action, and fire resistance. Comprehensive and accessible, Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Second Edition appeals to a broad range of readers-from senior and graduate students in civil and architectural engineering to practicing structural engineers, architects, contractors, construction engineers, and consultants.

Author Biography

<b>ROBERT PARK, PhD</b>, is former Deputy Vice Chancellor and Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. <p> <b>

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(20)
Scope and General Remarks	1	(2)
Types of Reinforced Concrete Slab Construction	3	(7)
Choice of Type of Slab Floor	10	(1)
Approaches to the Analysis and Design of Slab Systems	11	(7)
Complete Behavior of Slab Systems	12	(1)
Elastic Theory Analysis	13	(1)
Limit Analysis	14	(2)
ACI Building Code Method	16	(2)
Design Procedures	18	(1)
Notes on Units	18	(3)
References	19	(2)
Basis of Elastic Theory Analysis	21	(39)
Introduction	21	(1)
Classical Plate Theory	21	(21)
Lagrange's Equation	21	(1)
Equilibrium	22	(2)
Moment-Deformation Relationships	24	(6)
Shear-Deformation Relationships	30	(1)
Boundary Conditions	31	(1)
Reactions	32	(2)
Poisson's Ratio	34	(2)
Moments Acting at an Angle to the Coordinate Axes	36	(1)
Method of Solution	37	(5)
Elastic Models	42	(1)
Finite Difference Methods	42	(4)
Finite Element Methods	46	(3)
Approximate Methods	49	(2)
Examples of Elastic Theory Analysis	51	(9)
References	57	(3)
Results of Elastic Theory Analysis	60	(84)
Introduction	60	(8)
Moments in Interior Panels of Slabs	68	(33)
Effects of Relative Stiffness of Supporting Beams	68	(12)
Effects of Size of Supporting Column or Capital	80	(1)
Pattern Loadings	81	(20)
Moments in Edge Panels of Slabs	101	(16)
Moments in the Span Parallel to the Edge of the Structure	103	(4)
Moments in the Span Perpendicular to the Edge of the Structure	107	(10)
Moments in Corner Panels	117	(5)
Special Cases of Loading and Geometry	122	(22)
Effects of Concentrated and Line Loads on Moments	122	(8)
Effects of Loads Varying Linearly Across One Span	130	(3)
Effects of Holes in Slabs	133	(6)
References	139	(5)
Background of 1971 and 1995 ACI Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Slab Design	144	(61)
Introduction	144	(4)
Static Moment and Structural Safety	148	(9)
Static Moment	148	(7)
Structural Safety and the Static Moment	155	(2)
Equivalent Frame Method: Determination of Negative and Positive Slab Moments and Column Moments	157	(23)
General Comments and Manual Calculation Approach	157	(17)
Idealizations for Plane-Frame Computer Analysis	174	(6)
Distribution of Moments Across Sections	180	(15)
Direct Design Method	195	(10)
Negative-Positive Distribution of Moments	195	(5)
Requirements for Column Moments and Stiffnesses	200	(2)
References	202	(3)
General Lower Bound Limit Analysis and Design	205	(27)
Introduction	205	(2)
Governing Equations for General Lower Bound Limit Analysis	207	(10)
Equilibrium Equation	207	(2)
Transformation of Moments to Different Axes	209	(1)
Boundary Conditions	210	(1)
Yield Criterion	211	(6)
Analysis of Slabs by General Lower Bound Method	217	(6)
Design of Reinforcement for Slabs in Accordance with a Predetermined Field of Moments	223	(7)
General Approach	223	(1)
Reinforcement Arranged at Right Angles	224	(6)
Comment on General Lower Bound Limit Design	230	(2)
References	230	(2)
Design by the Strip Method and Other Equilibrium Methods	232	(71)
Introduction	232	(2)
Simple Strip Method	234	(43)
Strip Action	234	(4)
Discontinuity Lines Originating from Slab Corners	238	(9)
Discontinuity Lines Originating from Slab Sides	247	(7)
Strong Bands	254	(1)
Skewed and Triangular Slabs	255	(1)
Comparison with the Yield Line Theory Ultimate Load	256	(2)
Design Applications	258	(19)
Advanced Strip Method	277	(10)
Types of Slab Element	278	(7)
Design Applications	285	(2)
Segment Equilibrium Method	287	(9)
Flat Plates with Columns on a Rectangular Grid	287	(6)
Flat Plates with Irregular Column Layouts	293	(3)
Comparison with Test Results	296	(7)
References	300	(3)
Basis of Yield Line Theory	303	(146)
Introduction	303	(1)
Slab Reinforcement, Section Behavior, and Conditions at Ultimate Load	303	(8)
Slab Reinforcement	303	(1)
Ductility of Slab Sections	304	(1)
Conditions at Ultimate Load	305	(1)
Yield Lines as Axes of Rotation	306	(2)
Ultimate Moments of Resistance at Yield Lines	308	(2)
Determination of the Ultimate Load	310	(1)
Analysis by Principle of Virtual Work	311	(10)
Virtual Work Equation	311	(3)
Components of Internal Work Done	314	(1)
Minimum-Load Principle	314	(7)
Analysis by Equations of Equilibrium	321	(18)
Equilibrium Equations	321	(1)
Statical Equivalents of Shear Forces Along a Yield Line	322	(1)
Magnitude of Nodal Forces	323	(9)
Method of Solution by the Equilibrium Equations	332	(7)
Concentrated Loads	339	(7)
Types of Yield Line Patterns	339	(2)
Circular Fans	341	(5)
Superposition of Moment Strengths for Combined Loading Cases	346	(3)
Corner Effects	349	(5)
Affinity Theorem	354	(9)
General Cases for Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Slabs	363	(8)
Ultimate Moments of Resistance of the Slabs	363	(1)
Uniformly Loaded Orthotropic Rectangular Slabs with All Edges Supported	363	(3)
Uniformly Loaded Orthotropic Rectangular Slabs with Three Edges Supported and One Edge Free	366	(3)
Uniformly Loaded Orthotropic Rectangular Slabs with Two Adjacent Edges Supported and the Other Edges Free	369	(2)
Composite Beam--Slab Collapse Mechanisms	371	(6)
Beamless Floors	377	(13)
Folding Yield Line Patterns	377	(2)
Local Yield Line Patterns at Columns	379	(5)
Unbalanced Moment Transfer at Slab-Column Connections	384	(4)
Flat Slab Floors with Exterior Beams	388	(2)
Shear Strength of Slab-Column Connections	390	(1)
Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Slabs with Openings	390	(9)
Uniformly Loaded Circular and Ring Slabs	399	(4)
Circular Slab Supported on n Columns and Subjected to Uniform Loading	399	(2)
Ring Slabs	401	(2)
Skew Slabs	403	(4)
Approximate Yield Line Patterns for Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Slabs	407	(8)
Use of Approximate Yield Line Patterns	407	(1)
Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Slabs with All Edges Supported	407	(2)
Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Slabs with Three Edges Supported and One Edge Free	409	(4)
Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Slabs with Two Adjacent Edges Supported and the Remaining Edges Free	413	(2)
Trial-and-Error Method for Approximate Yield Line Patterns	415	(9)
Comparison with Test Results	424	(25)
Tests Conducted by the Deutscher Ausschuss fur Eisenbeton	424	(3)
Tests Conducted by IRABA	427	(1)
Tests Conducted at the Technical University of Berlin	428	(1)
Tests Conducted at the TNO Institute for Building Materials and Structures	428	(2)
Tests Conducted at the University of Manchester	430	(9)
Tests Conducted at the University of Canterbury	439	(3)
Tests Conducted at the University of Illinois	442	(3)
Tests Conducted at the Portland Cement Association	445	(1)
References	445	(4)
Design by Yield Line Theory	449	(66)
Introduction	449	(1)
Strength and Serviceability Provisions	450	(5)
Design Load and Moment of Resistance	450	(1)
Reinforcement Ratios	451	(1)
Reinforcement Arrangements	452	(1)
Serviceability Checks	453	(1)
Other Design Aspects	454	(1)
Superposition of Loading	455	(3)
Design of Uniformly Loaded Two-Way Slabs	458	(36)
Extent of Top Steel in Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Slabs	458	(10)
Minimum-Weight Design	468	(6)
Design Examples	474	(20)
Design of Beamless Slabs	494	(5)
Design of Supporting Beams for Uniformly Loaded Two-Way Slabs	499	(16)
Approach Based on Composite Beam-Slab Collapse Mechanisms	499	(3)
Approach Based on Loading Transferred to the Beams	502	(7)
Other Arrangements of Beams and Columns	509	(3)
Summary of Design Method for Beams	512	(1)
References	513	(2)
Serviceability of Slabs	515	(36)
Introduction	515	(1)
Deflections	515	(15)
General Comments on Deflections	515	(6)
Computation of Deflections	521	(5)
ACI Code Provisions for Deflection Control	526	(4)
Cracking	530	(21)
Need for Crack Control	530	(2)
Causes of Cracking	532	(1)
Computation of Width of Flexural Cracks in One-Way Slabs	533	(7)
Computation of Width of Flexural Cracks in Two-Way Slabs	540	(5)
Code Provisions for Crack Control	545	(2)
References	547	(4)
Shear Strength of Slabs	551	(70)
Introduction	551	(3)
Shear Strength of Slabs Transferring Uniform Shear	554	(25)
Mechanism of Shear Failure of Slabs Without Shear Reinforcement	554	(6)
ACI Code Approach to Shear Strength Without Shear Reinforcement	560	(4)
Truss Models for Shear Strength	564	(2)
ACI Code Approach to Shear Strength with Shear Reinforcement	566	(6)
Influence of Openings, Free Edges, and Service Ducts in Slabs	572	(2)
Special Problems with Pile Caps	574	(5)
Shear Strength of Slab-Column Connections Transferring Shear and Unbalanced Moment	579	(36)
Behavior of Slab-Column Connections Transferring Shear and Unbalanced Bending Moment	579	(2)
Methods of Analysis and Design	581	(3)
ACI Code Approach	584	(10)
ASCE-ACI Committee 426 Suggested Approach	594	(7)
Alternative Beam Analogy Approach for Interior Connections	601	(11)
Truss Analogy Approach Results	612	(1)
Ductility of Slab-Column Connections	613	(2)
Slab-Wall Connections	615	(1)
Shear Capacity with High-Strength Concrete	615	(6)
References	617	(4)
Prestressed Concrete Slabs	621	(15)
Introduction	621	(1)
Basis for Design	622	(11)
General Approach	622	(1)
Service Load Stresses	622	(6)
Flexural Strength	628	(3)
Shear Strength	631	(2)
Concluding Comments	633	(1)
Corrosion Concerns	633	(3)
References	634	(2)
Membrane Action in Slabs	636	(59)
Introduction	636	(1)
Uniformly Loaded Laterally Restrained Reinforced Concrete Slabs	636	(51)
General Behavior and Review of Past Research	636	(4)
Behavior in the Compressive Membrane Range	640	(39)
Behavior in the Tensile Membrane Range	679	(8)
Concentrated Loads on Laterally Restrained Reinforced Concrete Slabs	687	(1)
Slabs with Edges Free to Move Laterally	687	(2)
Recent Computational Approaches	689	(6)
References	691	(4)
Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Slabs	695	(16)
Introduction	695	(2)
Thermal Resistance	697	(1)
Structural Fire Resistance	698	(10)
Members Unrestrained Against Length Change	698	(9)
Members Restrained Against Length Change	707	(1)
Special Considerations for High-Strength Concrete	708	(3)
References	709	(2)
Index	711