Religions of the World with Sacred World CD-ROM

by Hopfe, Lewis M.; Woodward, Mark R.

• ISBN13: 9780132240451
• ISBN10: 0132240459
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

"Hopfe did an incredible job of making the material readable and flow in a logical fashionhellip;Even with a recent flood of introductory-level texts dealing with the subject, it remains the best introductory text dealing with religions of the world." Michael Krogman, Chattanooga State Technical College How does religion affect you? Religion plays a large role in the world events that affect us all; it has an impact on almost everything, from politics to pop culture. The study of religions is essential and Religions of the World provides a comprehensive and engaging introduction. Using a style that is friendly and readable, Religions of the World explains complex themes within the context of real people in real life. This text acquaints you with the teachings, ethics, worship-style, and celebrations of a broad range of religions, from their inception to today. Each chapter features primary source material that gives you first-hand experience with writings that help define each religion. For the tenth edition of Religions of the World, Mark R. Woodward has drawn on his relationships in the Arizona Native American community, his experience living and working in Buddhist and Muslim cultures for extended periods, and his experience teaching thousands of undergraduates an introduction to religions of the world.

Table of Contents

Preface	xviii
Introduction Overview	1	(4)
A Definition of Religion	5	(1)
The Universality of Religion	6	(1)
Theories of the Origin of Religions	7	(4)
Animistic Theories	7	(1)
The Nature-Worship Theory	8	(1)
The Theory of Original Monotheism	9	(1)
The Magic Theory	9	(1)
Theories of Religion as Projections of Human Needs	9	(2)
Types of Religions	11	(2)
Basic Religions	11	(1)
Religions Originating in India	11	(1)
Religions Originating in China and Japan	11	(1)
Religions Originating in the Middle East	12	(1)
Study Questions	12	(1)
Basic Religions	13	(56)
Characteristics of Basic Religions	14	(15)
Sources of Information Concerning Basic Religions	15	(1)
Prehistoric Beginnings of Basic Religions	16	(2)
Neanderthal Religion	16	(1)
Cro-Magnon Religion	16	(1)
Neolithic Religion	17	(1)
Common Features of Basic Religions	18	(9)
Animism	19	(1)
Magic	20	(2)
Divination	22	(1)
Taboo	22	(1)
Totems	23	(1)
Sacrifice	24	(1)
Myth	24	(1)
Rituals	25	(1)
Rites of Passage	26	(1)
Ancestor Veneration	27	(1)
Study Questions	27	(1)
Suggested Reading	27	(2)
Native American Religions	29	(21)
The Spirit World	30	(1)
Animism	31	(2)
Contacts with the Spirit World	33	(8)
Sacrifice	34	(1)
Taboos	34	(1)
Ceremonies and Rituals	35	(2)
The Vision Quest	37	(1)
Religious Leadership	38	(1)
Other Means of Contact with the Spirit World	39	(2)
Death and Life After Death	41	(1)
Native American Religions Today	42	(2)
Study Questions	44	(1)
Suggested Reading	45	(1)
Source Material	45	(5)
Native American Myths	45	(1)
Sioux Legend of the Buffalo Maiden	45	(2)
Wooing Wohpe	47	(3)
African Religions	50	(19)
Native Religions	51	(12)
The High God	51	(2)
The Lesser Spirits	53	(2)
Ancestors	55	(1)
Sacrifice	56	(1)
Rites of Passage	57	(4)
Religious Leaders	61	(2)
Non-native African Religions	63	(1)
African Religions Today	63	(1)
Study Questions	64	(1)
Suggested Reading	65	(1)
Source Material	65	(4)
An African Divine King	65	(2)
An African Creation Story	67	(2)
Religions Originating In India	69	(94)
Hinduism	70	(42)
The Origins of Hinduism	71	(5)
Pre-Aryan India	71	(2)
The Coming of the Aryans	73	(2)
Aryan Religion	75	(1)
The Vedic Era	76	(12)
The Vedas	76	(3)
The Upanishads	79	(3)
The Law of Manu	82	(3)
Jainism and Buddhism	85	(1)
Bhagavad Gita	86	(2)
Postclassical Hinduism	88	(8)
Devotion to Three Major Gods	89	(4)
Devotion to Knowledge	93	(3)
Muslim Influences in India	96	(2)
Modern Hinduism	98	(3)
Hindu Holy Days	101	(1)
Holi	101	(1)
Divali	101	(1)
Dasehra	102	(1)
Hinduism Today	102	(1)
Study Questions	103	(1)
Suggested Reading	103	(1)
Source Material	104	(8)
Selections from the Rig-Veda	104	(1)
Varunda and Indra	104	(1)
``What God Shall We Adore with Our Oblation?''	104	(1)
Selections from Upanishads	105	(1)
Selections from the Law of Manu	106	(1)
Selections from the Bhagavad Gita	107	(1)
Shankara on the Nature of the Brahman	108	(4)
Jainism	112	(11)
The Life of Mahavira	112	(1)
The Teachings of Jainism	113	(4)
Jain Sects	117	(1)
Jain Festivals	117	(1)
Paijusana	117	(1)
Divali	118	(1)
Jainism Today	118	(1)
Study Questions	119	(1)
Suggested Reading	119	(1)
Source Material	119	(4)
A lain Parable: The Man in the Well	119	(2)
Jain Respect for Life	121	(2)
Buddhism	123	(28)
The Life of Gautama	123	(4)
The Teachings of the Buddha	127	(2)
The Development of Buddhism	129	(1)
Theravada Buddhism	130	(2)
Mahayana Buddhism	132	(9)
The Principles of Mahayana	132	(1)
The Spread of Mahayana Buddhism	133	(1)
Mahayanist Sects	134	(4)
Tibetan Buddhism	138	(3)
Buddhist Festivals and Holy Days	141	(1)
New Year	142	(1)
Buddha's Birthday	142	(1)
The Festival of Souls (Ullambana)	142	(1)
The Robe Offering	142	(1)
Buddhism Today	142	(2)
Study Questions	144	(1)
Suggested Reading	144	(1)
Source Material	144	(7)
Gautama Speaks of His Ascetic Practices	144	(3)
The Buddha Explains the Eightfold Path	147	(1)
The Infinite Compassion of the Bodhisattva	148	(1)
The Importance of Sitting	149	(2)
Sikhism	151	(12)
The Life of Nanak	151	(2)
The Teachings of Nanak	153	(1)
The Historical Development of Sikhism	154	(1)
Divisions within Sikhism	155	(1)
Sikh Religious Life	156	(1)
Sikh Holy Days	157	(1)
Sikhism Today	157	(1)
Study Questions	157	(1)
Suggested Rending	158	(1)
Source Material	158	(5)
The Japji	158	(5)
Religions Originating In China And Japan	163	(51)
Chinese Religions	164	(33)
Basic Chinese Religious Concepts	165	(4)
Recognition of Multiple Gods and Spirits	165	(2)
Yin and Yang	167	(1)
Filial Piety and Ancestor Worship	167	(1)
Divination	167	(1)
Development of Belief in the Shang Ti	168	(1)
Decline of the Feudal System	169	(1)
Laoism	169	(9)
The Life of Lao-tzu	170	(1)
The Tao Te Ching	170	(1)
Teachings of the Early Taoist Philosophers	171	(3)
Schools that Rivaled the Early Taoists	174	(1)
Later Development of Taoism	175	(3)
Confucianism	178	(7)
The Life of Confucius	178	(1)
The Teachings of Confucius	179	(3)
The Development of Confucianism	182	(3)
Iraditional Chinese Holidays	185	(1)
Chinese New Year	185	(1)
Pure and Bright Festival	185	(1)
The Dragon Boat Festival	185	(1)
All Soul's Day	186	(1)
Autumn Harvest Festival	186	(1)
Winter Holidays	186	(1)
Iaoism and Confucianism Today	186	(2)
Study Questions	188	(1)
Suggested Reading	188	(1)
Source Material	188	(9)
Selections from Sacred Chinese Literature	188	(1)
Tao Te Ching	188	(3)
The Analects of Confucius	191	(3)
The Meaning and Value of Rituals	194	(3)
Shinto	197	(17)
Japanese Mythology	198	(1)
The History of Shinto	199	(5)
Shinto Prior to 300 C.E.	199	(1)
Chinese Influence on Shinto	199	(2)
The Revival of Shinto	201	(3)
The Modern Era	204	(1)
Three Forms of Shinto	204	(4)
State Shinto	204	(1)
Sectarian Shinto	205	(1)
Domestic Shinto	206	(2)
Japanese Festivals	208	(1)
New Year (Shogatsu)	208	(1)
Buddha's Birthday	208	(1)
Ml Soul's Day (Ullambana)	208	(1)
Autumn Festival (Niiname-sai)	209	(1)
shinto Today	209	(1)
Study Questions	209	(1)
Suggested Reading	209	(1)
Source Material	210	(4)
Shinto Myths	210	(1)
Myths Regarding the Plain of High Heaven	210	(4)
Religions Originating In II II: Middle East	214	(155)
Zoroastrianism	215	(18)
Pre-Zoroastrian Persian Religion	215	(1)
The Life of Zoroaster	216	(2)
The Teachings of Zoroaster	218	(7)
The Nature of God	218	(1)
The God of Evil	219	(1)
The Nature of Humankind	220	(1)
The Destiny of Humankind	221	(2)
Zoroastrian Ethics	223	(1)
Zoroastrian Worship	224	(1)
Historical Development of Zoroastrianism	225	(3)
Zoroastrian Holy Days	228	(1)
The Jasans	228	(1)
New Year's Day (No Ruz)	228	(1)
Seasonal Feasts (Cahambars)	228	(1)
All Souls' Day (Muktad)	228	(1)
Zoroastrianism Today	228	(1)
Study Questions	229	(1)
Suggested Reading	229	(1)
Source Material	229	(4)
Zoroastrian Eschatology	229	(3)
Zoroastrian Dualism	232	(1)
Judaism	233	(37)
Biblical Patriarchs	233	(2)
Exodus	235	(2)
Sinai and the Law	237	(1)
Post-Sinai Religious Institutions	238	(1)
Religion in the Time of the Hebrew Monarchy	238	(2)
The Temple	239	(1)
The Prophetic Movement	239	(1)
Exile and Return	240	(2)
Diaspora	242	(5)
The Synagogue	242	(2)
The Mishnah	244	(1)
The Talmud	245	(2)
Medieval Judaism	247	(3)
Judaism and Islam	247	(1)
Judaism in Spain	248	(1)
Judaism in Other European Nations	249	(1)
The Crusades	249	(1)
The Kabbalah	249	(1)
Judaism and the Modern World	250	(1)
Responses to Modernity	251	(8)
Shabbatai Zevi	251	(1)
Mendelssohn	252	(1)
Baal Shem Tov	252	(1)
Reform Judaism	253	(1)
Zionism	254	(1)
The Holocaust	255	(1)
The State of Israel	256	(1)
Current Variations in Judaism	257	(2)
Jewish Festivals and Holy Days	259	(3)
Sabbath (Shabbat)	260	(1)
Passover (Pesach)	260	(1)
The Feast of Weeks (Shavuot)	260	(1)
New Year (Rosh Hashanah)	260	(1)
The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)	260	(1)
The Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot)	261	(1)
The Feast of Dedication (Chanukah)	261	(1)
The Feast of Lots (Purim)	261	(1)
The Son of the Commandment (Bar Mitzvah)	261	(1)
Judaism Today	262	(1)
Study Questions	263	(1)
Suggested Reading	263	(1)
Source Material	263	(7)
Selections from Hebrew Scriptures	263	(1)
Deuteronomy	264	(2)
The Psalms, Book I	266	(1)
Micah	266	(1)
The Mishnah: Pesahim (The Feast of Passover)	267	(3)
Christianity	270	(50)
The World of the First Century C.E.	270	(2)
The Life and Teachings of Jesus	272	(8)
Early Christianity	280	(7)
The Jerusalem Church	280	(1)
The Life of Paul	280	(1)
The Worship of the Early Church	281	(1)
Leadership in the Early Church	282	(2)
The Production of the New Testament	284	(1)
Early Theological Controversies	285	(2)
Growth of the Church of Rome	287	(3)
I mergence of Christianity as the Religion of the Roman Empire	287	(1)
Augustine	288	(1)
The Monastic Movement	289	(1)
Medieval Christianity	290	(3)
Division Between Eastern and Western Christianity	290	(1)
The Medieval Papacy	291	(1)
Thomas Aquinas	292	(1)
The-Protestant Reformation	293	(5)
Larly Reform Movements	293	(1)
Martin Luther	294	(2)
Ulrich Zwingli	296	(1)
John Calvin	296	(1)
Other Reformation Leaders and Movements	297	(1)
Modern Christianity	298	(3)
The Catholic Counter-Reformation	298	(3)
Catholic Dogmas Since the Counter Reformation	301	(1)
Vatican II	301	(1)
Modern Movements	301	(3)
Modern Protestant Movements	301	(2)
The Missionary Movement	303	(1)
The Ecumenical Movement	303	(1)
The Christian Calendar and Holy Days	304	(2)
Sunday	304	(1)
Advent, Christmas, and Epiphany	304	(1)
Easter	305	(1)
Pentecost	305	(1)
Christianity Today	306	(2)
Study Questions	308	(1)
Suggested Reading	308	(1)
Source Material	309	(11)
Selections from the New Testament	309	(1)
Sermon on the Mount	309	(4)
Romans	313	(1)
I Corinthians	314	(2)
Revelations	316	(1)
The Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas	317	(3)
Islam	320	(37)
Pre-Islamic Arab Religion	320	(2)
The Life of Muhammad	322	(4)
The Qur'an	326	(4)
The Nature of God	327	(1)
Predestination	328	(1)
Eschatology	329	(1)
Religious Institutions	330	(6)
The Mosque	330	(1)
The Five Pillars	330	(3)
Islam and Women	333	(1)
Islamic Taboos	334	(1)
Jihad	334	(2)
The Spread of Islam	336	(1)
The Caliphate	337	(1)
Variations within Islam	338	(4)
The Sunnis	338	(1)
The Shi'ites	339	(1)
The Mystical Element	340	(2)
Islam in the Modern World	342	(3)
Muslim Calendar and Holy Days	345	(1)
Feast of Fast-Breaking (`Id al-Fitr)	345	(1)
Feast of Sacrifice (`Id al-Adha)	345	(1)
New Year	345	(1)
Birthday of the Prophet Muhammad (Mawlid an-Nabi)	345	(1)
Islam Today	346	(1)
Study Questions	347	(1)
Suggested Reading	347	(1)
Source Material	348	(9)
The Muslim Vision of Allah	348	(3)
The Prescriptions of Islam	351	(4)
On the Day of Judgment	355	(2)
Baha'I	357	(12)
Origin and Development of Baha'i	357	(1)
The Teachings of Baha'i	358	(4)
Baha'i Practices	362	(1)
Baha'i Calendar and Holy Days	363	(1)
Baha'i Today	364	(1)
Study Questions	365	(1)
Suggested Reading	365	(1)
Source Material	365	(4)
Selections from the Writings of Bahaullah	365	(4)
Glossary	369	(10)
Credits	379	(2)
Index	381