Research Ethics

by Elliott, Deni; Stern, Judy E.; Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics

• ISBN13: 9780874517972
• ISBN10: 0874517974
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-02-01
• Publisher: Univ Pr of New England

Summary

This reader provides a thorough overview of the ethical dilemmas confronting contemporary research scientists. Original material, reprints, and cases on topics such as relationships with colleagues, institutional responsibility, conflict of interest, experimentation with animals and humans, and methodologies for ethically conducting, reporting, and funding research clarify difficult questions for students and professionals alike. The collection supports efforts, in response to increasingly stringent federal mandates, to include ethics instruction in research training.

Author Biography

Deni Elliott is Director of the Practical Ethics Center and University Professor of Ethics at the University of Montana. Her books include The Ethics of Asking: Dilemmas in Higher Education Fund Raising (1995) and Responsible Journalism (1986). Judy E. Stern is Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center. She is actively involved in biomedical research and is associated with the Dartmouth Ethics Institute.

Table of Contents

Introduction	ix
Deni Elliott
Judy E. Stern
1. Teaching and Learning Research Ethics	1	(19)
Judith P. Swazey
Stephanie J. Bird
2. Morality and Scientific Research	20	(11)
Bernard Gert
3. Examples of Scientific Misconduct
Allan U. Munck
Efraim Racker
"A View of Misconduct in Science"	34	(9)
Philip J. Hilts
"The Science Mob: The David Baltimore Case--and Its Lessons"	43	(9)
David P. Hamilton
"Verdict in Sight in the `Baltimore Case'"	52	(8)
Leslie Roberts
"Misconduct: Caltech's Trial by Fire"	60	(9)
4. Relationships in Laboratories and Research Communities	69	(29)
Vivian Weil
Robert Arzbaecher
CASES FOR CONSIDERATION	91	(7)
Eliot Marshall
"Fight Over Data Disrupts Michigan State Project"	93	(5)
5. Conducting, Reporting, and Funding Research	98	(67)
Stephanie J. Bird
David E. Housman
Scenario by Eve K. Nichols
A. Conducting Research	98	(22)
CASES FOR CONSIDERATION	109	(11)
John C. Bailar III
"Science, Statistics, and Deception"	113	(4)
Robert Pool
"More Squabbling Over Unbelievable Result"	117	(3)
B. Reporting and Funding Research	120	(45)
CASES FOR CONSIDERATION	139	(26)
Patricia K. Woolf
"Pressure to Publish and Fraud in Science"	141	(5)
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, "Guidelines on Authorship"	146	(2)
Ivan Amato
"Rustum Roy: PR Is a Better System Than Peer Review"	148	(3)
Charles W. McCutchen
"Peer Review: Treacherous Servant, Disastrous Master"	151	(14)
6. Conflicts of Interest and Conflicts of Commitment	165	(32)
Patricia Werhane
Jeffrey Doering
CASES FOR CONSIDERATION	190	(7)
Christopher Anderson
"Scripps Backs Down on Controversial Sandoz Deal"	193	(4)
7. Institutional Responsibility	197	(49)
Edward Berger
Bernard Gert
CASES FOR CONSIDERATION	209	(37)
Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, "Purpose and Scope of This Study"	213	(13)
Donald E. Buzzelli
"The Definition of Misconduct in Science: A View from NSF"	226	(12)
Howard K. Schachman
"What Is Misconduct in Science?"	238	(8)
8. Animal Experimentation and Ethics	246	(40)
Deni Elliott
Marilyn Brown
CASES FOR CONSIDERATION	259	(27)
B. Taylor Bennett, "Regulations and Requirements"	262	(10)
Richard P. Vance
"An Introduction to the Philosophical Presuppositions of the Animal Liberation/Rights Movement"	272	(14)
9. Human Experimentation	286	(31)
Judy E. Stern
Karen Lomax
CASES FOR CONSIDERATION	296	(21)
"The Nuremberg Code"	300	(2)
"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, 1989 Version"	302	(5)
Charles C. Mann
"Radiation: Balancing the Record"	307	(10)
Contributors	317