Research Strategies for Clinicians

by Granger, Bradi B.; Chulay, Marianne

• ISBN13: 9780838515396
• ISBN10: 0838515398
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-02-08
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This brand new book takes a pragmatic approach to nursing research, providing theory plus practical suggestions on how to carry out research when employed in a clinical facility.Designed in a text/workbook format to encourage "hand on" use, the book is a useful supplement to any introductory nursing research text or graduate nursing research course. It helps nurses identify high priority research questions, find sources for statistical help, and prepare research results for publication. Chapter highlights, help boxes, and exercises make research concepts come alive.Nurses, advance practice nurses, undergraduate and graduate nursing students, and instructors.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Improving Outcomes Through Research	I
The Patient Care-Research Relationship	1	(1)
The Clinician: Optimally Positioned for Research	2	(2)
``Problem Processors''	3	(1)
``Solution Generators''	3	(1)
Consumers of Research	3	(1)
Ways Research Is Incorporated into Practice	4	(2)
Beginning the Journey: Improving Patient Outcomes Using Research	6	(7)
What Is An Outcome?	7	(2)
Tools to Measure Outcomes	9	(2)
The Future of Outcomes	11	(2)
References	13	(2)
Clinical Questions: Where Do You Find Them?	15	(24)
Introduction	15	(1)
The STICK Method	16	(6)
The Focus Group Method	22	(5)
Phase I: Brainstorming High-volume Patient Care	22	(1)
Phase II: Identification of Potential Research Topics or Questions	23	(4)
Using Care Paths or Critical Pathways for Generating Research	27	(7)
Examining Clinical Pathway Variances or Complications	27	(3)
Using National and Regional Benchmark Data	30	(3)
Considering New Technologies or Approaches to Care	33	(1)
Getting Research Ideas From the Literature	34	(1)
Using Research Priorities Identified by Professional Associations	34	(2)
References	36	(3)
Prioritizing Clinical Questions	39	(20)
The Importance of Setting Priorities: Why Prioritize?	39	(1)
Factors to Consider When Prioritizing	39	(5)
Staff Expertise	40	(1)
Patient Population and Setting	40	(1)
Other Concurrent Projects	41	(1)
Institutional Priorities	42	(1)
Cost Issues	42	(1)
Availability of Measurement Tools	42	(1)
Funding Requirements	42	(1)
Research Priorities of Professional Groups	43	(1)
Other Criteria	44	(1)
Tools to Help Set Research Priorities	44	(13)
Rating Worksheet for Research Priorities	44	(2)
Cost Evaluation Worksheet	46	(9)
Care Paths	55	(2)
References	57	(2)
Research Teams: Getting Started and Keeping Momentum	59	(22)
The Advantage of a Team Approach	59	(1)
Who Should Be on a Team?	60	(1)
Establishing Expectations of the Team	61	(1)
Team Roles: Matching People and Roles for Optimal Productivity	62	(3)
Roles and Responsibilities	62	(2)
Matching People Types and Role Responsibilities	64	(1)
Adding People to the Team	65	(1)
Dealing With Conflict	65	(3)
Communication Vehicles	68	(1)
Communication Within the Team	69	(8)
Communication Beyond the Team	69	(8)
Maintaining Momentum	77	(2)
Maintaining Momentum through Recognition	77	(2)
Maintaining Momentum through Celebration	79	(1)
References	79	(2)
Pragmatic Approaches to Reviewing the Literature	81	(16)
Clarifying the Question	81	(1)
Libraries: Where Do I Begin?	82	(6)
Identifying Key Words	82	(1)
Library Searches	83	(2)
Internet/Web Searches	85	(3)
Working With the Initial Review	88	(1)
General Guidelines for Critiquing Research Articles	89	(1)
Understanding How and When to Make Recommendations for Practice	89	(4)
Continuing the Review of the Literature for a Research Study	93	(2)
First Round	94	(1)
Second Round	94	(1)
Third Round	95	(1)
References	95	(2)
Protocol Development: Keep-It-Simple Strategies for the Novice and Expert	97	(28)
Using a Completed Protocol as a Template	97	(1)
Replicating a Study	97	(1)
Not Replicating a Study	98	(1)
Draft Mode: Don't Overwrite!	99	(1)
Components of the Protocol	99	(23)
Abstract	100	(1)
Statement of the Problem and Background Information	101	(1)
Statement of the Research Question or Hypothesis	102	(3)
Methods	105	(8)
Data Analysis	113	(3)
Databases: Linking Data Collection to Data Forms and Databases	116	(3)
Data Forms	119	(3)
References	122	(3)
Getting Through the Approval Process	125	(20)
Protocol Approval	125	(1)
Informal Approval Process	126	(4)
Identifying Key Stakeholders	126	(2)
Early Feedback	128	(1)
Clarifying the Commitment of Stakeholders	129	(1)
Contracts and Agreements	129	(1)
Formal Approval Process	130	(12)
Nursing Research Review Committee	132	(5)
Institutional Review Board	137	(5)
References	142	(3)
Data Analysis	145	(14)
Finding Statistical Expertise	145	(1)
Paying for Statistical Expertise	146	(1)
Managing Your Data	147	(7)
Statistical Programs	147	(2)
Organizing Data Entry Spreadsheets	149	(1)
Automated Data Entry Systems	149	(5)
Planning for Data Presentation	154	(2)
References	156	(3)
Sharing Your Findings	159	(22)
Institutional Dissemination	159	(1)
Professional Meetings and Presentations	160	(14)
Taking the Pain Out of Abstract Submission	162	(3)
Parts of the Perfect Poster	165	(1)
Effective Oral Presentations for First-time Presenters	166	(8)
Journals: Writing the Final Manuscript	174	(4)
Ready, Set,... GO!	174	(1)
Editing	175	(2)
Timeliness and Expectations	177	(1)
Authorship	178	(1)
References	178	(3)
Finding Resources to Support Research	181	(10)
Finding Personnel Resources to Support Research	181	(2)
Guidelines for Establishing Expectations With Others	183	(2)
Finding Financial Resources for Research	185	(2)
Equipment	185	(1)
Salary for Personnel	186	(1)
Statistical Consultation	186	(1)
Miscellaneous Creative Funding Strategies	186	(1)
Tips for Seeking Funding From Grants	187	(2)
References	189	(2)
Appendix I Protocol Examples	191	(22)
Clinical Evaluation of ECG Electrode Performance Over Time	192	(11)
Effect of Early Ambulation on Patient Comfort and Bleeding Post Cardiac Catheterization	203	(10)
Appendix 2 Sample Case Report Forms	213	(4)
Chest Pain Assessment Tool	213	(2)
Sugar Case Report Form	215	(2)
Appendix 3 Examples of IRB Forms	217	(14)
Consent to Participate As a Research Subject in Nursing Research	218	(3)
Consent for Pain Assessment in Chest Tube Removal With EMLA Cream	221	(2)
IRB Submission Forms	223	(8)
Sample Memo for IRB Submission	223	(1)
Blank IRB Form For Research Proposal Review	224	(3)
Duke University Medical Center Institutional Review Board Research Protocol	227	(4)
Appendix 4 Code of Federal Regulations	231	(26)
NIH Guidelines for Human Research	231	(26)
National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993	252	(5)
Appendix 5 Answers for Exercises	257	(6)
Index	263