Researching And Writing Across The Curriculum

by Hult, Christine A.

• ISBN13: 9780321338082
• ISBN10: 0321338081
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-04-22
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This thorough and engaging guide to research in the humanities, sciences, social sciences, and business teaches students to explore the entire research process, including intellectual inquiry and critical thinking.   Researching and Writing Across the Curriculumprovides discipline-specific guidance and sample papers that reflect differences in discourse and presentation in each discipline. The text also covers research methods and resources as they apply to all disciplines, with a comprehensive list of library resources and an introduction to the latest electronic and online resources. With thorough and up-to-date material on the impact of computers in research, and exercises that develop the skills of summarizing, synthesizing, and critiquing source materials, the text provides a complete guide that will aid students in all their college courses and beyond.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
PART ONE RESEARCH METHODS
CHAPTER 1 College Research	1	(22)
Introduction	1	(1)
Research in the Disciplines	2	(2)
The Importance of Research	4	(1)
Thinking Critically	5	(3)
Establishing Your Purpose and Raising Questions	5	(1)
Analyzing the Topic	6	(1)
Synthesizing	7	(1)
Making Inferences	7	(1)
Evaluating	7	(1)
The General Process of Research	8	(5)
Preparation	9	(1)
Incubation	9	(1)
Illumination	10	(1)
Verification	10	(1)
A Physician Uses the Research Process	11	(2)
Engaging Critically and Actively in the Reading Process	13	(10)
Reading on Three Different Levels	14	(3)
Structuring Your Reading Process	17	(1)
Annotating the Text While Reading	18	(2)
Using Sources Responsibly and Avoiding Plagiarism	20	(3)
CHAPTER 2 Finding Library and Internet Resources	23	(28)
Introduction	23	(1)
Libraries and General Library Resources	24	(17)
The Library Reference Area	24	(1)
General Reference Works	25	(4)
Locating Library Books and Resources: Computer Cataloging Systems	29	(6)
Locating Articles in Serials: Popular Periodicals	35	(2)
Locating Articles in Serials: Professional Journals	37	(1)
Locating Government Documents	38	(1)
Other Technologies	39	(1)
Electronic Full-text Databases	40	(1)
Internet Resources	41	(10)
Using Search Tools to Locate Information on Your Topic	41	(3)
Using Internet Library and Periodicals Collections	44	(4)
Bookmarking Important Sites	48	(3)
CHAPTER 3 Using Library and Internet Sources	51	(40)
Introduction	51	(1)
Preparation and Incubation	51	(2)
Finding a Topic	52	(1)
Selecting a Specific Topic	53	(1)
Narrowing and Focusing the Topic	53	(3)
Asking Research Questions	53	(1)
Developing a Hypothesis	53	(1)
Gathering Research Materials	54	(2)
Taking Notes with Photocopies and Printouts	56	(15)
Photocopies and Database Printouts	56	(1)
Printing Internet Sources	56	(1)
Downloading Internet Sources	56	(1)
Saving Online Sources	57	(1)
The Working Bibliography	58	(3)
Developing a Search Strategy	61	(2)
Outlining a Time Frame	63	(2)
Locating Sources	65	(1)
Evaluating Print and Electronic Sources	65	(5)
Working with Sources	70	(1)
Avoiding Plagiarism	71	(6)
Acknowledge Required	71	(1)
No Acknowledge Required	72	(1)
Unintentional Plagiarism	72	(1)
International Plagiarism	72	(5)
Illumination and Verification	77	(14)
Evaluation	77	(1)
Writing from Sources	77	(14)
CHAPTER 4 Planning and Writing Your Research Paper	91	(20)
Introduction	91	(1)
Planning Your Research Paper	91	(10)
Rhetorical Situation	92	(3)
Organization	95	(6)
Outlining and Drafting Your Research Paper	101	(10)
Constructing an Outline or Plan	101	(1)
Drafting Your Paper	102	(5)
Avoiding Writer's Block	107	(1)
Collaborating	108	(1)
Drafting with a Computer	109	(2)
CHAPTER 5 Revising and Formatting Your Research Paper	111	(36)
Introduction	111	(1)
Rewriting Your Research Paper	111	(13)
Rereading and Reviewing Your Draft	112	(1)
Revising for Structure and Style	112	(2)
Improving Paragraphs	114	(1)
Improving Sentences	114	(1)
Improving Words	115	(2)
Editing for Grammar, Punctuation, and Spelling	117	(2)
Rewriting Your Paper Using Word Processing	119	(1)
Incorporating Reference Materials	120	(1)
Incorporating Direct Quotations	121	(2)
Formatting and Printing Using Computers	123	(1)
Proofreading	123	(1)
Considering Formal Details	124	(5)
Word Processing	125	(1)
Line Spacing	125	(1)
Margins	125	(1)
Title Page	125	(1)
Numbering	126	(1)
Indentation and Word Spacing	126	(1)
The Abstract	126	(1)
The Endnote Page	126	(1)
The References Page	127	(1)
The Annotated Bibliography	127	(1)
The Appendix	128	(1)
Sample Student Paper	129	(18)
PART TWO MODEL RESEARCH PROJECTS
CHAPTER 6 Writing a Research Paper in the Humanities	147	(56)
Introduction	147	(1)
Reports and Research Papers	148	(1)
The Inquiry Process in the Humanities	149	(7)
The Importance of Texts in the Humanities	150	(1)
Research in the Humanities	151	(2)
Acceptable Evidence in the Humanities	153	(3)
Primary Research in the Humanities	156	(10)
Using Primary Texts	156	(7)
Life-History Interviewing	163	(3)
Organizing and Writing the Humanities Research Paper	166	(4)
Outlining	167	(2)
Writing the First Draft	169	(1)
Documentation in the Humanities: MLA Style	170	(5)
Internal Citation	170	(3)
The Reference List	173	(2)
Model References: Language and Literature (MLA)	175	(8)
Type of Reference	175	(8)
Footnote and Bibliography Style	183	(2)
Model Notes: Humanities	185	(2)
Type of Reference	185	(2)
Exercises and Research Project	187	(1)
Discipline-Specific Resources for Humanities	188	(4)
Technology and the Humanities	188	(1)
Resources for Humanities	188	(4)
Sample Research Paper: Humanities Format (MLA)	192	(11)
CHAPTER 7 Writing a Review Paper in Science and Technology	203	(50)
Introduction	203	(1)
The Inquiry Process in Science and Technology	204	(4)
The Importance of Observation in the Sciences	204	(1)
The importance of Formulating and Testing Hypotheses	205	(1)
Critical Scientific Research	206	(1)
The Importance of Replicability and Scientific Debate	207	(1)
Primary Research in the Sciences	208	(8)
Lab Experiments and Reports	208	(2)
Field Observations and Reports	210	(6)
Organizing and Writing the Scientific Review Paper	216	(2)
Arranging the Materials	217	(1)
Writing the First Draft: Verification	218	(1)
Documentation in Science and Technology	218	(5)
Internal Citation	219	(2)
The Reference List	221	(2)
Model References: Natural and Physical Sciences (Number System) (CBE)	223	(4)
Exercises and Research Project	227	(1)
Discipline-Specific Resources for Science and Technology	228	(5)
Resources for the Sciences and Technology	228	(5)
Sample Engineering Paper: Science Format (CBE)	233	(20)
CHAPTER 8 Writing a Research Paper in Social Science	253	(58)
Introduction	253	(1)
The Inquiry Process in Social Science	254	(4)
The Importance of Observing Human Behavior	255	(1)
The Importance of Understanding Human Consciousness	255	(2)
Objectivity versus Subjectivity	257	(1)
Primary Research in the Social Sciences	258	(15)
Step 1 Problem and Hypothesis	258	(1)
Step 2 Research Design	259	(1)
Step 3 Gathering the Data	259	(1)
Step 4 Analyzing the Data	259	(2)
Step 5 Interpreting the Results	261	(1)
Social Science Research Designs	261	(12)
Organizing and Writing the Social Science Research Paper	273	(4)
Organizing Your Materials	274	(1)
Planning and Outlining	274	(1)
Writing the First Draft	275	(2)
Manuscript Preparation (APA Style)	277	(2)
Title Page	277	(1)
Abstract	278	(1)
Text	278	(1)
Introduction	278	(1)
Body	278	(1)
References Page	279	(1)
Appendix	279	(1)
Documentation in Social Science: The Author/Date Style (APA)	279	(3)
Internal Citation	280	(2)
The Reference List in APA Style	282	(1)
Model References: Social Science (APA)	282	(8)
Type of Reference	282	(8)
Exercises and Research Project	290	(1)
Discipline-Specific Resources for Social Science	291	(4)
Resources for the Social Sciences	291	(4)
Sample Research Paper: Social Science Format (APA)	295	(16)
CHAPTER 9 Writing a Research Report in Business	311	(30)
Introduction	311	(1)
The Inquiry Process in Business	312	(1)
Three Types of R&D	312	(1)
Other Types of Business Research	313	(1)
Primary Research in Business	313	(6)
Presenting Business Information	314	(1)
Conducting a Survey in Business	314	(5)
Organizing and Writing the Business Report	319	(1)
Documentation in Business and Economics	320	(2)
Internal Citations	320	(1)
The Reference List	321	(1)
Model References: Business and Economics (Chicago)	322	(4)
Type of Reference	322	(4)
Exercises and Research Project	326	(1)
Discipline-Specific Resources for Business and Economics	326	(3)
Technology and Business	326	(3)
Sample Research Report: Business and Economics Format (Chicago)	329	(12)
Index	341