Reverse Osmosis : Design, Processes, and Applications for Engineers

by Jane Kucera

• ISBN13: 9780470882665
• ISBN10: 0470882662
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2010-04-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener

Summary

Reverse osmosis is rapidly growing as a water treatment technology in applications such as recovering wastewater for reuse. But, even as the technology becomes more widespread, understanding of it lags behind. Reverse Osmosis: Design, Processes, and Applications for Engineers provides comprehensive coverage of the technology, covering the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot reverse osmosis systems. Written in clear, concise language, Reverse Osmosis: Design, Processes, and Applications for Engineers provides equipment manufacturers, and chemical and process engineers with the immediate ability to implement this emergent "green" technology.

Table of Contents

Fundamentals

Introduction and History of Development

Uses of Reverse Osmosis

History of Reverse Osmosis Development

Reverse Osmosis Principles

Osmosis

Reverse Osmosis

Dead-End Filtration

Cross-Flow Filtration

Basic Terms and Definitions

RO System Flow Rating

Recovery

Rejection

Flux

Concentration Polarization

Beta

Fouling

Scaling

Silt Density Index (SDI)

Langelier Saturation Index (LSI)

Membranes

Transport Models

Materials

Modules

Commercially-Available Membranes

Basic Flow Patterns

Arrays

Recycle

Double Pass

Multiple Trains

Reverse Osmosis Skid--with contributions by Mark Sadus

Cartridge Filters

Feed Pumps

Manifolding--Materials of Construction

Instrumentation

Controls

Data Acquisition and Management

Auxiliary Equipment

Pretreatment

Water Quality Guidelines

Techniques and Technologies

Mechanical Pretreatment

Chemical Pretreatment

Combination Mechanical Plus Chemical Treatments

Sequencing of Pretreatment Technologies

System Design

Design Considerations

Feed Water Quality

Temperature

Pressure

Feed Water Flow

Concentrate Flow

Beta

Recovery

pH

Flux

RO Design and Design Software

ROSA--Dow Water and Process Solutions

TorayDS--Toray Membrane USA

IMS Design--Hydranautics

ROPro--Koch

Operations

On-Line Operations

Performance Monitoring

Data Collection

Data Analysis and Normalization

Preventative Maintenance

Performance Degradation

Normalized Permeate Flow

Normalized Salt Rejection

Normalized Differential Pressure

Off-Line Operations

System Flush

Cleaning

Lay-Up

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting

Mechanical Evaluation

General Performance Issues

Performance Projections

Data Assessment

Water Sampling

Membrane Integrity Testing

Profiling and Probing

Membrane Autopsy

System Engineering

Issues Concerning System Engineering

Water Softening

Sizing and Capacity

Membrane Cleaning: On-Site versus Off-Site

Reject Disposal Options

Impact of Other Membrane Technologies

Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration

Nanofiltration

Continuous Electrodeionization

HERO™

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

General

Operational

Equipment

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