Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation

by Thompson, Donald O.; Chimenti, Dale E.

• ISBN13: 9781563969300
• ISBN10: 1563969300
• Edition: CD
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-05-01
• Publisher: Amer Inst of Physics

Summary

These proceedings contain the edited papers of most of the presentations at the 26th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) held in July 1999. The sessions covered all phases of NDE engineering from fundamentals to prototypes and included various branches of science from acoustics to x-rays. Part A of the Proceedings broadly treats subjects related to technique development in established NDE procedures, while Part B is dedicated to materials characterization, material system, and to new techniques and application. For example this year the non-linear acoustics topic included simulations from fundamental models, thermal waves, laser ultrasonics, and techniques for process control. This leading conference drew about 400 participants, with one third coming from countries outside of the US.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxv
PART A MINISYMPOSIUM: INNOVATION AND NDE IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY
The New Face of Innovation	3
E. Bloch
Changes Needed in Engineering Education---The Demands of Globalization	17
E. T. Smerdon
Improved Nuclear Safety Through International Standards	25
S. R. Doctor
R. L. Moffitt
T. T. Taylor
G. Trosman
Elastic Waves And Ultrasonic Techniques
Section A. Scattering/Propagation
Ultrasonic Modeling of an Embedded Elliptic Crack	41
L. J. Fradkin
V. Zalipaev
Ultrasonic Crack Diffraction in Metals Using Laser-Generated Ultrasonic Shear Waves and Broadband EMAT Detection	49
J. R. Bernstein
J. B. Spicer
Modeling of Ultrasonic Detection of a Rectangular Crack	57
P. A. Jansson
Reflection and Scattering Analysis of SH-Wave Using a Combined Method of BEM and Ray Theory	65
K. Kimoto
S. Hirose
Scattering of a Rayleigh Wave by a Surface-Breaking Crack Under Compressive Stress	73
C. Pecorari
Scatter of Toroidal Elastic Waves from a Plane	81
L. J. Fradkin
V. A. Borovikov
Nondestructive Evaluation of a Transversely Isotropic Cylinder Encased in a Solid Elastic Medium	89
Y. Fan
A. N. Sinclair
F. Honarvar
FEM Analysis of Bulk Wave Scattering at an Inclusion	97
T. Ito
K. Kawashima
R. Omote
J. Takatubo
M. Imade
Elastic Wave Scattering by Various Defects in Anisotropic Materials	105
S. Hirose
K. Katsura
Finite-Difference Modelling of Pulse-Echo Scattering Using a Water-Coupled Transducer	113
R. Stacey
Numerical Evaluation of Fundamental Solution for Doubly Periodic Structures	121
M. Kitahara
M. Yamada
K. Nakagawa
Low Frequency Acoustic Response of a Periodic Layer of Spherical Inclusions in an Elastic Solid to a Normally Incident Plane Longitudinal Wave	129
K. Maslov
V. K. Kinra
Two Dimensional Wave Propagation from a Point Load in an Anisotropic Material	137
E. R. Green
W. A. Green
Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Real-Life Austenitic V-Butt Welds: Numerical Modeling and Validation	145
R. Hannemann
R. Marklein
K. J. Langenberg
C. Schurig
B. Kohler
F. Walte
Ultrasonic Propagation in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds---Approximate Model and Numerical Methods Results and Comparison with Experiments	153
B. Chassignole
D. Villard
G. Nguyen Van Chi
N. Gengembre
A. Lhemery
Calculation of Ultrasonic Reflection and Transmission in Anisotropic Austenitic Layered Structures	161
M. Weber
B. Mirwald-Schulz
E. Neumann
The Far-Field of a Point Source in a Transversely Isotropic Elastic Solid	169
D. Gridin
Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media with Helical Symmetry	177
S. Ponti
K. Zvezdin
M. Scalerandi
V. Agostini
C. Oldano
Section B. Guided Waves and Applications
On the Modeling of Guided Waves in Plates with Thin Superconducting Layers	185
A. J. Niklasson
S. K. Datta
Prediction and Measurement of the Reflection of the Fundamental Anti-Symmetric Lamb Wave from Cracks and Notches	193
M. J. S. Lowe
P. Cawley
J.-Y. Kao
O. Diligent
Non-Axisymmetric Guided Wave Inspection Potential in Tube Inspection	201
J. Li
J. L. Rose
Reflection and Mode Conversion of Guided Waves at Bends in Pipes	209
C. Aristegui
P. Cawley
M. Lowe
Scattering of Circumferential Waves in a Cracked Annulus	217
C. Valle
J. Qu
L. J. Jacobs
Propagation of Guided Waves in Aircraft Structure	225
R. P. Dalton
M. J. S. Lowe
P. Cawley
Optimization of a Non-Intrusive Guided Wave Reflector	233
Y. Cho
K. M. Rajana
G. A. Seidel
D. D. Hongerholt
Section C. Laser Ultrasonics
Laser-Based Ultrasound for Remote and Limited Access Applications	239
A. D. W. McKie
R. C. Addison, Jr.
Fabry-Perot Laser Ultrasonic Elastic Anisotropy Measurements on a Moving Paper Web	247
J. B. Walter
K. L. Telschow
J. P. Gerhardstein
B. M. Pufahl
C. C. Habeger
E. M. Lafond
P. H. Brodeur
Imaging the Anisotropic Elastic Properties of Paper with the INEEL Laser Ultrasonic Camera	255
V. A. Deason
K. L. Telschow
R. S. Schley
S. M. Watson
Coating Evaluation Using Analytical and Experimental Dispersion Curves	263
B. Knight
M. Hussain
J. Frankel
J. F. Cox
J. Braunstein
P. J. Cote
A. Abbate
Application of Laser Ultrasonics to Monitor Material Degradation in FRP Composites	271
O. D. Dokun
L. J. Jacobs
R. M. Haj-Ali
Modeling of the Ablation Source in Laser-Ultrasonics	279
A. Hoffmann
W. Arnold
Optimization of Temporal Profile and Optical Penetration Depth for Laser-Generation of Ultrasound in Polymer-Matrix Composites	287
M. Dubois
P. W. Lorraine
B. Venchiarutti
A. S. Bauco
R. J. Filkins
T. E. Drake
K. R. Yawn
A New Laser Source for Ultrasound Generation in Composites	295
P. W. Lorraine
M. Dubois
A. S. Bauco
R. J. Filkins
T. E. Drake
K. R. Yawn
Pseudo-Random Modulation of a Laser Diode for Generating Ultrasonic Longitudinal Waves	303
E. I. Madaras
R. F. Anastasi
Phase Modulation Enhancement in an Amplified Photorefractive Ring Cavity	311
J.-F. Cormier
A. Blouin
J.-P. Monchalin
Detection of Laser Generated Ultrasound by Micromachined Capacitance Transducers	319
D. R. Billson
D. A. Hutchins
J. McIntosh
W. M. D. Wright
R. A. Noble
A. R. D. Jones
Laser Ultrasonics for Surface-Crack Depth Measurement Using Transmitted Near-Field Rayleigh Waves	327
C. M. Scala
S. J. Bowles
Scanning Laser Source Technique for Detection of Surface-Breaking and Sub-Surface Cracks	335
A. K. Kromine
P. A. Fomitchov
S. Krishnaswamy
J. D. Achenbach
Experimental Lamb Wave Spectra of Cracked Plates	343
C. Eisenhardt
L. J. Jacobs
J. Qu
Section D. Acoustic Emission Applications
Analysis of Acoustic Emission Waveforms from Propagating Fatigue Crack	351
J. Choi
J.-J. Luo
I. M. Daniel
Determining the Energy Level of Laser Induced Cracks in Alumina Substrate Via Acoustic Emission	359
M. Aslan
J. Beausang
B. R. Tittmann
Quantitative Acoustic Emission from Localized Sources in Material Fatigue Processes	367
Z. Shi
J. Jarzynski
L. Jacobs
Discrimination of Flaws Evolution Patterns During Pressure Vessels Static and Dynamic Cycles of Loading Thanks to the Acoustic Emission Method	375
R. Pensec
A. Laksimi
C. Herve
M. Cherfaoui
Modal Acoustic Emission Source Determination in Silicon Carbide Matrix Composites	383
G. N. Morscher
Electromagnetic, Thermal and X-ray Techniques
Section A. Eddy Currents---Models and Probes
New Improvements in MESSINE (Models for Electromagnetic Simplified Simulations in Nondestructive Evaluation): Applications to 2D and 3D Configurations	393
B. de Barmon
G. Berthiau
J. Juillard
Applying Computer Modeling to Eddy Current Signal Analysis for Steam Generator and Heat Exchanger Tube Inspections	401
S. P. Sullivan
V. S. Cecco
J. R. Carter
M. Spanner
M. McElvanney
T. W. Krause
R. Tkaczyk
Characteristics of Electromagnetic Pulse Propagation in Metal	409
M. Namkung
B. Wincheski
S. Nath
J. P. Fulton
Distribution of Eddy Current Along an Ideal Surface Crack	417
J. W. Liaw
S. L. Chu
M. K. Kuo
C. S. Yeh
Eddy Current Tomography of Multi-Layered Aluminum Structures	425
T. Chady
M. Enokizono
T. Todaka
Y. Tsuchida
R. Sikora
M. Anan
Development of Coupling FEM-BEM Method for Steam Generator Inspection	433
W. Cheng
K. Miya
K. Demachi
N. Yusa
Quantitative Impedance Measurements for Eddy Current Model Validation	441
T. A. Khan
N. Nakagawa
Pulsed Eddy Current: Finding Corrosion Independently of Transducer Lift-Off	449
S. Giguere
S. J. M. Dubois
Eddy Current Monitoring of Fatigue Crack Growth in Zr-2.5% Nb Pressure Tube	457
T. W. Krause
A. E. Martin
R. R. Sheppard
J. J. Schankula
Deep Flaw Detection with Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Based Self-Nulling Probe	465
B. Wincheski
M. Namkung
Eddy Current Probe Characterization for Model Input and Validation	473
N. Nakagawa
T. A. Khan
J. Gray
Impulse Excitation of Eddy Current Probes	481
M. Y. Polyahov
D. Nikolayev
L. A. Chernov
Superimposed Transducer Zone of Testing	485
M. Y. Polyahov
A. Ahmedov
D. Nikolayev
L. A. Chernov
Eddy Current Array Probe for Corrosion Mapping on Ageing Aircraft	489
R. Leclerc
R. Samson
Section B. Eddy Currents---Inversion
An Iterative Algorithm for Eddy Current Signal Inversion	497
G. Liu
Y. Li
Y. Sun
P. Sacks
S. Udpa
Fast Algorithms for Crack Simulation and Identification in Eddy Current Testing	505
R. Albanese
G. Rubinacci
A. Tamburrino
F. Villone
A Novel Crack Reconstruction Method for Steam Generator Tube ECT with Noise Sources Outside	513
H. Huang
T. Takagi
H. Fukutomi
Study of the Dipole Model of a Crack	521
D. Minkov
T. Shoji
J. Lee
Inversion of Open Cracks Using Eddy-Current Probe Impedance Measurements	529
J. R. Bowler
Structural State Testing Using Eddy Current Inversion	535
N. Y. Dolgov
L. A. Chernov
Remote Field Eddy Current Inspection for Groove Sizing---Choice of a Direct Model Structure	541
G. Fleury
M.-E. Davoust
Inverse Problems in Eddy Current Testing Using Neural Network	549
N. Yusa
W. Cheng
K. Miya
Section C. Microwave NDE
Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials from Incomplete EMIR Data	557
B. Pliquet
P. Levesque
B. Duchene
X. Ferrieres
J. C. Alliot
Imaging of Concrete Specimens Using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar	565
H. C. Rhim
O. Buyukozturk
NDT Profiling of Dopants and Photoconductivity in Si with High Spatial Resolution Using Evanescent Microwave Probes	571
M. Tabib-Azar
R. Ciocan
A 35 GHz Vector System for Nondestructive Applications	579
D. Glay
T. Lasri
A. Momouni
Y. Leroy
Section D. Thermal Wave NDE
Temporal Treatment of a Thermal Response for Defect Depth Estimation	587
Y. A. Plotnikov
W. P. Winfree
Method-of-Images Formulation of the Inverse Problem of Depth Profiling the Thermal Reflection Coefficient in an Impulse Heated Solid	595
J. Karanicolas
S.-W. Fu
J. F. Power
Imaging and Quantitative Measurement of Corrosion in Painted Automotive and Aircraft Structures	603
G. Sun
X. Wang
Z. J. Feng
H. Jin
H. Sui
Z. Ouyang
X. Han
L. D. Favro
R. L. Thomas
J. L. Bomback
Pulsed Phased Thermography with the Wavelet Transform	609
F. Galmiche
X. Maldague
S. Vallerand
J.-P. Couturier
Mapping Thermal Diffusivity	617
Z. Ouyang
X. Wang
Z. J. Feng
H. Jin
H. Sui
X. Han
L. D. Favro
R. L. Thomas
Dynamic Infrared Imaging of Crush Tests of Composite Tubes	621
X. Han
L. D. Favro
R. L. Thomas
M. Chadwick
A. Caliskan
N. Griffith
Modulated Optical Reflectance NDE of Superconducting Thin Film Microwave Devices	627
D. P. Almond
P. Nokrach
E. W. R. Stokes
A. Porch
S. A. L. Foulds
F. Wellhofer
J. R. Powell
J. S. Abell
Section E. X-Rays: Simulations
Bayesian Restoration of Crack Images in Welds from Incomplete and Noisy X-Ray Data	635
V. L. Vengrinovich
Y. B. Denkevich
G.-R. Tillack
U. Ewert
B. Redmer
Radiographs Simulations Using System MTF	643
A. Koenig
A. Gliere
MODERATO: A Monte-Carlo Radiographic Simulation	651
A. Bonin
B. Lavayssiere
B. Chalmond
New Developments in the X-Ray Scattering Simulations	657
F. Inanc
Optimal Conditions for X-Ray Imaging by Mathematical Simulation	665
M. Mangard
P. Hammersberg
Signal Processing, Imaging and, Inversion Techniques
Section A. Signal Processing Techniques
Identification of Depth and Size of Subsurface Defects by a Multiple-Voltage Probe Senso: Analytical and Neural Network Techniques	675
S. Makarov
D. Apelian
R. Ludwig
H. Wang
A Neural Network Model for Noninvasive Subsurface Stratigraphic Identification	683
J. M. Sullivan, Jr.
R. Ludwig
Q. Lai
Reconstruction of Back Surface Profiles from Scanned Thermal Line Source Data Using Neural Networks	691
W. P. Winfree
K. E. Cramer
Improving the Resolution of Ultrasonic Data Through Deconvolution	699
S. Gautier
B. Lavayssiere
G. Le Besnerais
Application of the Short Time Fourier Transform to Interpret Ultrasonic Signals	703
M. Niethammer
C. Eisenhardt
L. J. Jacobs
J. Jarzynski
J. Qu
Time-Localized Frequency Analysis of Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Nondestructive Testing	709
H. J. Shin
S.-J. Song
Detection and Classification of Defects in Ultrasonic NDE Signals Using Time-Frequency Representations	717
U. Qidwai
A. H. Costa
C. H. Chen
Artifact Reduction Scheme for Objects with Complex Geometry	725
S. Hayee
J. P. Basart
High Speed PC-Based Data Acquisition in Ultrasonics	733
A. Dawson
Presentation and Analysis Enhancements of the NDT Workbench A Software Package for Ultrasonic NDT Data	741
A. Potts
A. McNab
D. Reilly
M. Toft
Defect Modelling in an Interactive 3-D CAD Environment	749
D. Reilly
A. Potts
A. McNab
M. Toft
R. K. Chapman
GUI-Based Toolbox in MATLAB for Deconvolution of Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing Signals for Defect Identification	757
A. Yamani
M. Bettayeb
U. Qidwai
C. H. Chen
Design and Implementation of a Visualization Strategy for Maintaining Integrity of Large Data Sets	765
K. R. Nair
M. L. Peterson
Crack Detection in Eddy Current Images of Jet Engine Disks	773
N. Eua-anant
X. Cai
L. Udpa
J. Chao
I. Elshafiey
Dynamical Assessment of Magnetic Barkhausen Signals	781
V. J. Garcia
D. Clatterbuck
C. C. H. Lo
M. J. Johnson
D. C. Jiles
Assessment of Rail Flaw Inspection Data	789
M. L. Peterson
B. D. Jeffrey
R. M. Gutkowski
Applications of Pattern Recognition in Aluminum Alloy Texture Characterization	797
G. Liu
D. K. Rehbein
J. C. Foley
R. B. Thompson
Section B. Data Fusion
Principles of Data-Fusion in Multi-Sensor Systems for Nondestructive Testing	805
S. Chioclea
P. Dickstein
Fusion of Thermal and Optical Information	809
A. Dag
P. Dickstein
Y. Bushlin
Multiresolution Image Fusion and Its NDT Application	815
Z. Liu
K. Tsukada
K. Hanasaki
Section C. Wavelets
A Wavelet/Bayes Approach for Small Notch Detection in Eddy Current Testing of Steam Generator Tubes	823
P.-Y. Joubert
Y. Le Bihan
D. Placko
F. Lepoutre
Time-Frequency Analysis of Broadband Dispersive Waves Using the Wavelet Transform	831
S.-C. Wooh
K. Veroy
Automatic Flaw Detection for Tube Support Plate Signals	839
Y. Cho
J. P. Basart
Section D. Imaging and Inversion
Ultrasound Shear Wave Imaging	847
S. Ye
J. Wu
Shearographic Imaging of the Ultrasonic Wave and Defect Interaction in Plates: Comparison Between Computation and Experiment	853
D. Osmont
F. Taillade
D. Devillers
J.-C. Krapez
F. Lepoutre
D. Balageas
Processing of Laser-Based Ultrasound for Matched-Field Imaging	859
R. D. Huber
J. V. Candy
D. H. Chambers
Ultrasonic Imaging Technique in Liquid and Solid Waveguides Using Spatio-Temporal Matched Field (STMF) Processing	865
R. K. Ing
M. Fink
Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique 3D-CAD-SAFT	873
V. Schmitz
M. Kroning
S. Chakhlov
W. Fischer
Image of Nonlinear Structures of Heterogeneous Media Using the Second Harmonic in Scanning Acoustical Microscope	881
F. M. Severin
B. O'Neill
R. G. Maev
Defects Localization in Metallic Structures by Magneto Optic Image Processing	889
J.-M. Decitre
M. Lemistre
F. Lepoutre
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Surface-Breaking Flaws Using Finite Element Methods	897
R. Schifini Gladchtein
A. C. Bruno
Segmentation and Classification of Images Reconstructed from Reduced A-Scan Data Sets	903
P. Leggat
D. Reilly
A. McNab
Ultrasonic Simulation---Imagine3D and SimScan: Tools to Solve the Inverse Problem for Complex Turbine Components	911
H. D. Mair
P. Ciorau
D. Owen
T. Hazelton
G. Dunning
Shape Reconstruction Methods with Incomplete Data	919
K. Nakahata
M. Kitahara
Flaw Sizing Potential With Guided Waves	927
J. Rose
S. Pelts
V. Cho
W. Zhu
Ultrasonic Transducers, Fields and, Arrays
Section A. Ultrasonic Transducers and Fields
Ultrasonic 2D Matrix PVDF Transducer	937
A. Ptchelintsev
R. G. Maev
A New Application of PVDF Line-Focus Transducers on Measuring Dispersion Curves of a Layered Medium	945
Y.-C. Lee
S.-P. Ko
Modeling Ultrasonic Transducer Fields for a General Complex Geometry and Anisotropic Material	953
L. W. Schmerr
M. Rudolph
A. Sedov
Modeling of Transducer Fields in Weld Material: A Comparison of Three Generically Different Approaches	961
M. Spies
R. A. Roberts
Modelling of Sound Fields Through Austenitic Welds	969
V. Schmitz
M. Kroning
S. Chakhlov
Calculation of Wideband Ultrasonic Fields Radiated by Water-Coupled Transducers Into Heterogeneous and Anisotropic Media	977
N. Gengembre
A. Lhemery
Ultrasonic Beam Fluctuation and Flaw Signal Variance in Inhomogeneous Media	985
S. Ahmed
R. A. Roberts
F. Margetan
Caustics in Asymptotic Green Function Transmission Models	993
R. A. Roberts
Numerical Time Domain Modeling of the Ultrasonic NDT with Electromagnetic Acoustic and Piezoelectric Transducers	1001
R. Marklein
K.-J. Langenberg
G. Hubschen
H. Willems
Ultrasonic Ray Models for Complex Geometries	1009
A. Schumm
Modeling of Surface Acoustic Waves Reflected on Fluid-Loaded Solids. Application to Measurements on Anisotropic Materials with a Phased-Array Broadband Transducer	1017
D. Frenet
P. Calmon
L. Paradis
O. Roy
M. Ouaftouh
An Axisymmetric Numerical Elastic Contact Model for Application to the Transmission of Ultrasound Across a Rough Interface	1025
R. Long
M. Lowe
P. Cawley
Modelling of Secondary Interface Echoes Generated by a Water-Coupled Transducer	1033
R. Stacey
Experimental Validation of the Multi-Gaussian Beam (MGB) Model	1041
A. Minachi
F. J. Margetan
T. A. Gray
R. B. Thompson
Section B. Ultrasonic Arrays
Lamb and SH Wave Transducer Arrays for the Inspection of Large Areas of Thick Plates	1049
P. Wilcox
M. Lowe
P. Cawley
Time-Delay Periodic Linear Array: A Unidirectional Guided Wave Transducer for Ultrasonic NDT Applications	1057
W. Zhu
A. Chahbaz
M. Brassard
Adaptive Laser Array-Receivers for Acoustic Waves Detection	1065
H. Tuovinen
T. W. Murray
S. Krishnaswamy
Dynamic Tuning of Lamb Waves Using an Array Transducer	1071
S.-C. Wooh
Y. Shi
Ultrasonic Phased Array Transducers for Nondestructive Evaluation of Steel Structures	1079
S.-J. Song
H. J. Shin
Y. H. Jang
Digital Phased Array Ultrasonic Inspection System with Dynamic Focusing	1087
J. S. Hwang
H. J. Shin
S. J. Song
T. K. Song
An Ultrasonic System for the Inspection of Components with Irregular Geometry Using a Flexible Phased Array Contact Transducer and Related Processing Algorithms	1095
S. Chatillon
G. Cattiaux
M. Serre
O. Roy
Sideleaking Effect of Phase-Steered Ultrasound	1103
Y. Shi
S.-C. Wooh
PART B
Engineered Materials
Section A. Composites---Characterization
Measurement of Complex Young Moduli of Composite Materials by Time-Gated Microwaves	1113
B. Hosten
C. Bacon
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Temperature Dependence of Anisotropic Elastic Moduli of GFRP Panels	1121
K. Kawashima
D. Naito
Y. Shimizu
3-D Voltage Model for Detection of Sound Radiated from Anisotropic Materials	1127
O. I. Lobkis
D. E. Chimenti
Toward the Measurement of Angular Dependence of In-Plane Ultrasonic Properties of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites	1135
P. H. Johnston
J. S. Boghosian
M. K. Hinders
Channelling of Elastic Waves in an Eight-Ply Fiber Composite Plate	1143
E. R. Green
W. A. Green
Experimental and Theoretical Analyses on Laser-Generated Transient Lamb Waves in an Orthotropic Plate	1151
J. C. Cheng
S. Y. Zhang
Y. Berthelot
EMAT-Generated Shear Wave Transmission for NDE of Composite Laminates	1159
D. Fei
D. K. Hsu
Composite Materials Characterization Using Phase Velocities Measured with Laser Generated and Detected Ultrasonic Waves	1167
F. Reverdy
B. Audoin
Guided Waves and Ultrasonic Characterization of Three-Dimensional Composites	1175
N. Leymarie
S. Baste
Measurement of Reflectance Function for Layered Structures by Pulsed Wave V(Z) Inversion	1183
W.-J. Xu
M. Ourak
M. Lematre
G. Bourse
Comparative Study of Processing Methods for Analyzing the Structure of Carbon Epoxy Composite Materials	1191
K. Harrouche
J. M. Rouvaen
M. Duquennoy
M. Ourak
M. Ouaftouh
Section B. Composites---Damage
Anisotropic Damage Evaluation in Polymer Fiber Composites Under Hygrothermal Aging by Means of Ultrasonic Techniques	1199
D. Ducret
R. E. Guerjouma
Y. Jayet
J. C. Baboux
The Preliminary Investigation of Heterogeneity in the Microzone of Composite by the Laser Ultrasonic Probe	1207
X. R. Zhang
S. Lin
C. Liu
X. B. Yu
Y. P. Jin
G. D. Zhang
Low Frequency Air Scan for Carbon/Carbon Composite 3D Pieces Non Destructive Testing	1215
J. C. Anifrani
J. O. Strycek
Lamb Wave Assessment of Stiffness Degradation in Fatigued Composites	1223
M. D. Seale
E. I. Madaras
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Ballistic Impact Damage in Thick Section Twill Weave S2-Glass/Vinyl Ester Laminates	1231
M. V. Hosur
U. K. Vaidya
J. W. Gillespie, Jr.
S. Jeelani
Acoustography as a Means of Monitoring Impact Damage in Composites under Fatigue Conditions	1239
A. S. Chen
D. P. Almond
B. Harris
Effect of Temperatures on Impact Damage and Residual Strength of CFRP Composite Laminates	1247
K.-H. Im
C.-S. Cha
J.-W. Park
Y.-H. Cha
I.-Y. Yang
J.-A. Jung
Ultrasonic and Eddy Current Characterization of Impact Damage in Graphite/Epoxy Rocket Motor Cases	1255
A. D. Degtyar
L. H. Pearson
Microwave NDE of Impact Damaged Fiberglass and Elastomer Layered Composites	1263
E. C. Greenawald
L. J. Levenberry
N. Qaddoumi
A. McHardy
R. Zoughi
C. F. Poranski, Jr.
Aging and Damage Assessment of Composite Structures Using Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors	1269
T. Monnier
Y. Jayet
P. Guy
J. C. Baboux
Vacancy Defect Detection in Two-Dimensional Periodic Particulate Composites	1277
B. K. Henderson
V. K. Kinra
Section C. Joints and Coatings
Complications of Using Resonance-Frequency Shifts to Detect Defects in Adhesive Joints	1285
G. Neau
D. Hopkins
S. Nakagawa
K. Nihei
The Stiffness of Graphite-Graphite Joints: Ultrasonic Investigation and Modelling	1293
A. M. Robinson
B. W. Drinkwater
R. S. Dwyer-Joyce
Degradation Mechanisms in Adhesive Joints and the Implications for NDE	1301
K. Vine
P. Cawley
A. J. Kinloch
Laser Ultrasonic Investigation of Films and Hard Coatings	1309
T. W. Murray
Z. Guo
S. Krishnaswamy
J. D. Achenbach
Ultrasonic Characterization of Porous Plasma-Sprayed Bioceramic Coatings	1317
N. Saffari
C.-S. Ong
B. Moreau
Section D. Weldments
Characterization of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds for Ultrasonic NDT	1325
B. Chassignole
D. Villard
M. Dubuget
J.-C. Baboux
R. E. Guerjouma
Phased Array Ultrasonic Inspection of Friction Stir Weldments	1333
A. Lamarre
M. Moles
V. Lupien
Experimental Evaluation of Weld Defects Using Multi-Path SAFT	1341
F. Ganansia
A. Chahbaz
K. Mborokih
Analysis of Induced Effects in Matter During Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser Welding by Flash Radiography	1349
G. Pascal
D. Nore
K. Girard
O. Perret
P. Naudy
Materials Characterization
Section A. Characterization by Nonlinear Acoustics
Correlation Between Dynamic Nonlinearity and Static Mechanical Properties of Corroded E-Glass Reinforced Polyester Composites	1359
K. Van Den Abeele
K. Van de Velde
Quality Assessment of Bond Interfaces by Nonlinear Ultrasonic Transmission	1367
S. Hirsekorn
A. Koka
A. Wegner
W. Arnold
Nonlinear Acoustical Assessment of Precipitate Nucleation and Growth in Aluminum Alloy 2024	1375
J. H. Cantrell
W. T. Yost
Fatigue Cycle Induced Variation of the Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter in Aluminum Alloy 2024	1381
W. T. Yost
J. H. Cantrell
Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound for Damage Detection	1387
J. A. TenCate
E. Smith
L. W. Byers
A. S. Michel
Non-Linear Techniques for Ultrasonic Micro-Damage Diagnostics: A Simulation Approach	1393
M. Scalerandi
E. Ruffino
P. P. Delsanto
P. A. Johnson
K. Van Den Abeele
Acoustic Harmonic Generation Measurement Applications: Detection of Tight Cracks in Powder Metallurgy Compacts	1401
D. J. Barnard
J. C. Foley
Nonlinear Acoustic Spectroscopy of Cracked Flaws and Disbonds: Fundamentals, Techniques and, Applications	1409
R. G. Maev
I. Y. Solodov
Effects of Surface Roughness and Nonparallelism on the Measurement of the Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter in Steam Turbine Blades	1417
J. K. Na
W. T. Yost
J. H. Cantrell
G. L. Kessel
Section B. Materials Properties
Characterization of Microstructures in Austenitic Stainless Steels by Ultrasonics	1425
B. Raj
P. Palanichamy
T. Jayakumar
A. Kumar
M. Vasudevan
P. Shankar
An Experimental Study of Microstructure-Induced Ultrasonic Signal Fluctuations in Jet-Engine Titanium Alloys	1433
F. J. Margetan
H. Wasan
R. B. Thompson
Advances in Techniques for the Ultrasonic Monitoring of the Cleanliness of Steel	1441
Y. Guo
C. Spore
F. J. Margetan
R. B. Thompson
A. Ahmad
Thermographic Measurement of In-Plane Diffusivity in Very Thin Plates Using Diffusion of Thermal Patterns	1449
C. Welch
J. Johnson
Characterization of Anisotropic Materials with the Laser-Ultrasonic Technique Using the ``In Plane'' and the ``Out of Plane'' Measurements of the Sample Surface Displacement	1457
C. Bescond
M. Massabki
L. Bertrand
Evaluation of Wear-Induced Material Loss in Case-Hardened Steel	1465
M. J. Johnson
J. Zhou
B. Zhu
N. Nakagawa
D. C. Jiles
Case Hardening Measurement with Quantitative Surface Acoustic Microscopy	1471
D. Xiang
N. N. Hsu
G. V. Blessing
T. Wu
Shot Peening Treatment Characterization by Surface Acoustic Waves	1479
S. E. Kruger
O. Bouesnard
J. Charlier
J. M. A. Rebello
L. Segers
Acoustic Anisotropy of Piezoelectric PbB4O7 Crystals	1487
Q. Zhou
S. Zhang
Y. Lu
Nondestructive Characterization of PZT Materials for Sensor and Actuator Applications	1493
V. Scherer
S. Hirsekorn
U. Rabe
W. Arnold
Ultrasonic Characterization and Temperature Dependence of Elastic Properties of Ductile Ternary Ceramics	1501
P. Finkel
M. W. Barsoum
T. El-Raghy
The Use of Invariants in Ultrasonic Testing	1509
R. A. Kline
M. L. Rasmussen
Detection of Near-Surface Microscopic Defects in Ceramics and Other Materials Using Optical Coherence Tomography	1517
M. Bashkansky
M. D. Duncan
J. Reintjes
Section C. Ferromagnetic Materials
Quantification of Microstructural Features in Tempered Carbon Steel Using Magnetic Barkhausen Emission Parameters	1525
V. Moorthy
B. Raj
S. Vaidyanathan
T. Jayakumar
B. P. Kashyap
Modeling of the Magnetic Barkhausen Effect	1533
D. M. Clatterbuck
V. J. Garcia
M. J. Johnson
D. C. Jiles
Plastic Deformation Effects on Magnetic Barkhausen Noise	1541
C.-G. Stefanita
L. Clapham
D. L. Atherton
Investigating Pipeline Steel Inhomogeneity with Magnetic Barkhausen Noise and Magnetic Flux Leakage	1549
A. Hsu
L. Clapham
D. L. Atherton
Modeling the Magnetic Field Dependence of Magnetoacoustic Emission and Its Dependence on Creep Damage	1557
M. J. Sablik
B. Augustyniak
Modified Law of Approach for the Magnetomechanical Model	1565
M. J. Sablik
Y. Chen
D. C. Jiles
The Evaluation of Magnetic Flux at a Crack in a Ferromagnetic Steel Component	1573
J. R. Bowler
N. Harfield
Stress Effects and Magnetic Flux Leakage Induced by Defects in Pipelines	1581
L. Clapham
D. L. Atherton
Rejection of Seamless Pipe Noise in Magnetic Flux Leakage Data Obtained from Gas Pipeline Inspection	1589
M. Afzal
S. Udpa
L. Udpa
W. Lord
Structural Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Steels Subjected to Fatigue	1597
C. C. H. Lo
F. Tang
S. B. Biner
D. C. Jiles
Multilayer Models on the Surface Conditions of Ferromagnetic Metals	1605
C.-C. Tai
Y.-H. Liu
Section D. Stress and Texture
Ultrasonic Measurement of Through-Thickness Stress Gradients in Textured Sheet Metals	1613
C.-S. Man
J. Li
W.-Y. Lu
X. Fan
Feasibility of Ultrasonic and Eddy Current Methods for Measurement of Residual Stress in Shot Peened Metals	1621
A. I. Lavrentyev
P. A. Stucky
W. A. Veronesi
Neutron and Ultrasonic Determination of Residual Stress in an Aluminum Ring-Plug	1629
H. J. Prask
T. Gnaupel-Herold
A. V. Clark
C. S. Hehman
T. N. Nguyen
Raman Spectroscopy as a Technique to Characterize Stress in Diamond and Cubic Boron Nitride	1637
R. M. Erasmus
J. D. Comins
M. L. Fish
Z. Martin
R. W. MacGregor
J. A. Reid
Ultrasonic Measurement of Texture Coefficient W400 in Aluminum Alloys	1645
C.-S. Man
J. G. Morris
D. K. Rehbein
R. B. Thompson
Y. Liu
X. Fan
Ultrasonic Monitoring of Texture in Aluminum Alloy During Annealing	1653
G. Liu
D. K. Rehbein
J. C. Foley
R. B. Thompson
Section E. Construction Materials---Concrete
Study of Acoustic Waveguides for Reinforced Concrete Structures	1661
R. H. L. Chen
K. Wissawapaisal
Detection of Internal Defects in Concrete Panels by Lamb Waves	1669
Y. C. Jung
T. Kundu
M. Ehsani
Investigation into Convenient Coupling for Ultrasonic Transducers When Inspecting Concrete Structures	1677
R. Long
M. Lowe
P. Cawley
Non-Destructive Determination of Concrete Elastic Constants from Vibration Frequencies of Cylinders	1685
J. S. Popovics
J. Wang
Measurements of In-situ Wave Velocities of Concrete Using Transient Elastic Waves	1693
T.-T. Wu
J.-H. Tong
P.-L. Liu
Using NDT for Thickness Measurement of Shotcrete Rock Support Systems in Underground Mines	1701
P. Guevremont
F. P. Hassani
M. Momayez
Inspection of Prestressed Concrete Pressure Pipe	1709
D. L. Atherton
K. J. Morton
B. J. Mergelas
X. Kong
Application of Near-Field Microwave Sensing Techniques for Segregation Detection in Concrete Members	1717
K. J. Bois
A. D. Benally
R. Zoughi
P. S. Nowak
Electromagnetic Testing Method Using Tangential Coil for Measurement of Covering Thickness and Diameter of Rebars in Concrete	1723
J. Koido
H. Hoshikawa
Theoretical Formulation of the Core Drilling Method to Evaluate Stresses in Concrete Structures	1731
S. Pessiki
H. Turker
New Techniques And Applications
Section A. New Ultrasonic Techniques and Applications
Experimental Ultrasonic Characterization of Machining Damage from Loose Abrasive Processes	1741
M. L. Peterson
K. Dayton
Diffractive Acoustic Elements for Laser Ultrasonics	1749
M. Clark
S. D. Sharples
M. G. Somekh
SAW Imaging in Anisotropic Media	1757
M. Clark
S. D. Sharples
M. G. Somekh
Determination of Internal Friction Using Ultrasonic Diffuse Field and Resonance Techniques	1763
P. D. Panetta
W. Johnson
Using Shear Impedance Reflection Factor Models for Simulation of Viscosity Measurements	1771
K. Balasubramaniam
G. Boudreaux
Improvements to Dry Coupled Ultrasound for Wall Thickness and Weld Inspection	1779
C. Edwards
S. Dixon
S. B. Palmer
3-D Surface Profiling Using Focused Air-Coupled Ultrasound	1787
D. J. Roth
H. E. Kautz
P. B. Abel
M. F. Whalen
J. L. Hendricks
J. R. Bodis
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers for Wall Thickness Applications in the Petrochemical Industry	1793
C. Edwards
S. Dixon
A. Widdowson
S. B. Palmer
Ultrasonic Guided Waves for the Detection of Defects and Corrosion in Multi-Layered Structures	1801
L. E. Soley
J. L. Rose
Ultrasonic Method for Monitoring Corrosion Damage in Petroleum Metal Storage Tanks Using Spectral Tracking	1809
K. E. Simmonds
R. B. Mignogna
N. K. Batra
Improved Ultrasonic Detection of Fatigue Cracks in TI-6AL-4V by Thermo-Optical Modulation	1817
Z. Yan
P. B. Nagy
In-Process Monitoring of Powder Metal Component Production	1825
D. K. Rehbein
J. C. Foley
M. G. Osborne
B. K. Lograsso
Ultrasonic Method for Inspection of the Propellant Grain in the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster	1833
T. E. Doyle
A. D. Degtyar
K. P. Sorensen
M. J. Kelso
T. A. Berger
High Resolution Measurements in Liquid Metal by Focused Ultrasonic Wave	1841
I. Ihara
C.-K. Jen
D. R. Franca
An Ultrasonic Noncontact Method to Monitor the Doneness of Bakery Products	1849
D. E. Chimenti
L. Faeth
Section B. New Techniques and Applications
Physical Basis of Tap Test as a Quantitative Imaging Tool for Composite Structures on Aircraft	1857
D. K. Hsu
D. J. Barnard
J. J. Peters
V. Dayal
Quantitative Model of Liquid Penetrant Hydrodynamics	1865
P. P. Prokhorenko
N. P. Migoun
M. Stadthaus
The Mirage Effect to Probe the Absorption of Organic Molecules on the Surface of the Mass Standards	1873
F. Taillade
M. Z. Silva
F. Lepoutre
M. Lecollinet
P. Pinot
Optical Absorption Depth Profiling of Photodegraded Poly(Vinylchloride) (PVC) Films by Quantitative Photothermal Deflection Technique	1881
S.-W. Fu
J. F. Power
O. V. Nepotchatykh
Quartz Lamp Characterization for Quantitative Thermal Nondestructive Evaluation	1889
J. N. Zalameda
W. P. Winfree
Propagation of Longitudinal Thermoelastic Waves in Layered Structures	1897
C. Li
C. Cetinkaya
Frequency Bandwidth Optimization of Photothermal Technique for Thermal Conductivity Depth Profiling	1905
M. H. Xu
J. C. Cheng
S. Y. Zhang
Experimental Research of Active Thermal Testing of the Printed Circuit Board Holes	1911
Y. Plotnikov
M. Poliakhov
L. Chernov
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Hole Metallization Quality Testing	1919
R. Kaspari
M. Polyahov
L. Chernov
Thermal Eddy Current Testing of Metallization Quality of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)	1923
D. G. Savushkin
M. Y. Polyahov
L. A. Chernov
Application of X-Ray Techniques in Precision Farming	1931
S. Arslan
F. Inanc
J. N. Gray
T. S. Colvin
The Criterial for Measuring Average Density by X-ray Attenuation: The Role of Spatial Resolution	1939
W. D. Friedman
Parametric Studies of Magnetic-Optic Imaging Using Finite-Element Models	1947
C. Chao
L. Udpa
L. Xuan
G. Fitzpatrick
D. Thome
W. Shih
Data Recovering Technique for Superconducting Quantum Interference Device and Its Application to Nondestructive Evaluation	1955
F. Kojima
N. Kasai
Design of Gradient Coil System by 3DFEM with Implemented Simplex Optimization Method	1963
V. P. Lunin
V. S. Maximov
Using an Embedded-Processor Camera for Surface Scanning of Unplaned Hardwood Lumber	1971
S.-M. Lee
A. L. Abbott
D. L. Schmoldt
Detection of Cracks in Weep Holes Using Neural Networks	1979
J. C. Aldrin
A. Cheng
J. D. Achenbach
G. A. Andrew
R. T. Mullis
Protection Circuitry for High Frequency Ultrasonic NDE	1987
N. C. Chaggares
R. K. Tang
A. N. Sinclair
F. S. Foster
K. Haraieciwz
B. Starkoski
Experimental Study of ``Auto Sensor Test-Self Test Mode'' for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification	1995
P. Finkel
J. R. Mitchell
M. F. Carlos
A New Method To Detect Surface Crack Depth in Metal Using Electromagnetic Induction and Electric Potential	2003
H. Hoshikawa
K. Koyama
J. Koido
H. Karasawa
New Sensors, Systems and, NDE Reliability
Section A. New Sensors
Enhanced Responsivity of Photo-Induced-EMF Laser Ultrasound Sensors Using Asymmetric Interdigitated Contacts	2013
D. M. Pepper
G. J. Dunning
D. D. Nolte
J. Coy
M. B. Klein
G. D. Bacher
B. Pouet
Ultrasonic Temperature Determination During Industrial Materials Processing	2021
T.-F. Chen
K. T. Nguyen
D. R. Franca
C.-K. Jen
I. Ihara
J. Tatibouet
Space Resolution of Adjacent Reverse-Side Cracks Using Rotational Magnetic Flux Sensor and Neural Network	2029
M. Oka
M. Enokizono
A Novel Strain Gauge for QNDE of Composites	2037
S. A. Vierkotter
Development of Engineering Components Having Dual Functionality	2045
L. D. Thompson
R. Waldbusser
E. Pratt
Section B. New Systems
A Prototype Tap Test Imaging System: Initial Field Test Results	2053
J. J. Peters
D. J. Barnard
N. A. Hudelson
T. S. Simpson
D. K. Hsu
Photothermal Measurement of Thermal Properties of Thermal Spray Coated Carbon Steel Substrates	2061
B. Farahbakhsh
J. A. Garcia
A. Mandelis
A New Transportable Instrument for In-Situ Void and Corrosion Imaging in Thick Structural Sections by Three Dimensional Compton Scatter Imaging	2069
B. Bridge
Digitized System for the Inspection of Steel Pipes	2077
D. Comuzzi
F. Monti
A. Nicolini
P. Stickar
Thermoelectric SQUID Method for the Detection of Segregations	2085
J. H. Hinken
Y. Tavrin
Mechanized Weld Inspection for Detection of Planar Defects and Depth Measurements by Tomosynthesis and Planartomography	2093
U. Ewert
B. Redmer
J. Muller
Real Time Radial and Tangential Tomosynthesis System Dedicated to On Line X-ray Examination of Moving Objects	2099
M. Antonakios
P. Rizo
P. Lamarque
Use of Computed Tomography Slices 3D-Reconstruction as a Powerful Tool to Improve Manufacturing Processes on Aeroengine Components	2107
C. Castellan
D. Dastarac
Automated Production Inspection Integration on a Small Critical Feature in the T700 Turbine Engine Components	2115
R. T. Ko
C. W. Benson
Using Telecommunication Technology to Develop an Optical Sensing Infrastructure	2123
J. A. Smith
Passive and Active Structural Monitoring Experience: Civil Engineering Applications	2131
L. D. Thompson
B. D. Westermo
D. B. Crum
W. R. Law
R. G. Trombi
Ultrasonic Technology: From Breadboard to Brassboard in the Aerospace Industry	2139
D. D. Hongerholt
W. R. Jacques
K. M. Rajana
Section C. Reliability and POD
NDE Capabilities DATA? What Might I Expect? What Is the Prior Art?	2145
W. D. Rummel
G. A. Matzkanin
The Reliability of Radiography of Thick Section Welds	2151
I. J. Munns
C. R. A. Schneider
On the Independence of Multiple Inspections and the Resulting Probability of Detection	2159
D. S. Forsyth
A. Fahr
Development of POD from In-service NDI Data	2167
D. S. Forsyth
A. Fahr
D. V. Leemans
K. I. McRae
Requirements for Demonstrating Nondestructive Evaluation Capabilities	2175
W. D. Rummel
Appendix
Attendees	2185
Author Index	A1
Subject index	SI