Written in 1936 and published the following year, this brilliant and profound evaluation of Stalinism from the Marxist standpoint prophesied the collapse of the Soviet Union. Trotsky employs facts, figures, and statistics to show how Stalinist policies rejected the enormous productive potential of the nationalized planned economy engendered by the October Revolution.

INTRODUCTION The Purpose of the Present Work

1

(2)

POSTSCRIPT

3

(2)

I WHAT HAS BEEN ACHIEVED

1. The Principal Indices of Industrial Growth

5

(3)

2. Comparative Estimate of These Achievements

8

(4)

3. Production Per Capita of the Population

12

(5)

II ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ZIGZAGS OF THE LEADERSHIP

1. "Military Communism," "The New Economic Policy" (NEP) and the Course Toward the Kulak

17

(8)

2. "A Sharp Turn: "The Five-Year Plan in Four Years" and "Complete Collectivization"

25

(10)

III SOCIALISM AND THE STATE

1. The Transitional Regime

35

(3)

2. Program and Reality

38

(2)

3. The Dual Character of the Workers' State

40

(3)

4. "Generalized Want" and the Gendarme

43

(3)

5. The "Complete Triumph of Socialism" and the "Reinforcement of the Dictatorship"

46

(4)

IV THE STRUGGLE FOR PRODUCTIVITY OF LABOR

1. Money and Plan

50

(3)

2. "Socialist" Inflation

53

(4)

3. The Rehabilitation of the Ruble

57

(3)

4. The Stakhanov Movement

60

(6)

V THE SOVIET THERMIDOR

1. Why Stalin Triumphed

66

(6)

2. The Degeneration of the Bolshevik Party

72

(8)

3. The Social Roots of Thermidor

80

(7)

VI THE GROWTH OF INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL ANTAGONISMS

1. Want, Luxury and Speculation

87

(6)

2. The Differentiation of the Proletariat

93

(4)

3. Social Contradictions in the Collective Village

97

(5)

4. The Social Physiognomy of the Ruling Stratum

102

(7)

VII FAMILY, YOUTH AND CULTURE

1. Thermidor in the Family

109

(11)

2. The Struggle Against the Youth

120

(8)

3. Nationality and Culture

128

(13)

VIII FOREIGN POLICY AND THE ARMY

1. From "World Revolution" to "Status Quo"

141

(5)

2. The League of Nations and the Communist International

146

(8)

3. The Red Army and Its Doctrines

154

(9)

4. The Abolition of the Militia and the Restoration of Officers' Ranks

163

(7)

5. The Soviet Union in a War

170

(15)

IX SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE SOVIET UNION

1. State Capitalism?

185

(2)

2. Is the Bureaucracy a Ruling Class?

187

(3)

3. The Question of the Character of the Soviet Union Not Yet Decided by History

190

(4)

X THE SOVIET UNION IN THE MIRROR OF THE NEW CONSTITUTION

1. Work "According to Ability" and Personal Property

194

(3)

2. The Soviets and Democracy

197

(3)

3. Democracy and the Party

200

(6)

XI WHITHER THE SOVIET UNION?

1. Bonapartism as a Regime of Crisis

206

(4)

2. The Struggle of the Bureaucracy with "the Class Enemy"

210

(4)

3. The Inevitability of a New Revolution

214

(6)

APPENDIX: "SOCIALISM IN ONE COUNTRY"

220

1. The "Friends" of the Soviet Union

227

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