The Revolutionary Kant A Commentary on the Critique of Pure Reason

by Bird, Graham

• ISBN13: 9780812695908
• ISBN10: 0812695909
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-04-28
• Publisher: Open Court

Summary

There is a major division in the interpretation of Kant, between traditionalists and revolutionaries. Traditionalists tend to assimilate Kant to predecessors such as Leibniz, Hume, or Berkeley. Revolutionaries take more seriously Kant's vehement repudiation of all the earlier empiricist, rationalist, realist, idealist, skeptical, and dogmatic doctrines.

Author Biography

Graham Bird is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Manchester and Honorary Professor of the University of Wales

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Introduction	1	(18)
Contemporary Commentators	8	(2)
A Cartesian Idealist Framework	10	(3)
Aims and Methods	13	(6)
PART I THE PRELIMINARY APPARATUS: PREFACES AND INTRODUCTION	19	(78)
Introduction to the Preliminary Apparatus	21	(4)
The Two Prefaces	25	(24)
The A Preface: Three Interrelated Themes	26	(3)
The B Preface	29	(5)
Comments on the Two Prefaces	34	(12)
Explicit Changes in the Two Editions	46	(3)
The Introduction	49	(14)
The Central Claims	49	(4)
Comments on Kant's Analytic Apparatus	53	(10)
Synthetic A Priori Judgments	63	(20)
A Posteriori/A Priori	64	(5)
The Analytic/Synthetic Distinction	69	(2)
Synthetic A Priori Truth	71	(6)
Kant and Kripke	77	(6)
The Transcendental/Empirical Distinction	83	(14)
Transcendent and Transcendental	88	(1)
Empirical and A Posteriori	89	(3)
Kant and Carnap	92	(5)
PART II THE AESTHETIC	97	(124)
Introduction to the Aesthetic	99	(4)
The Transcendental Aesthetic	103	(14)
Introduction: Metaphysical and Transcendental Expositions	105	(4)
Conclusions from the Expositions: General Observations	109	(8)
Space, Time, and Perception	117	(20)
The Perceptual Vocabulary	117	(9)
The ``Blindness'' Problem	126	(4)
The Nature of Kant's Project: Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Psychology	130	(7)
Space and Time in Experience and in Mathematics: The Metaphysical and Transcendental Expositions	137	(28)
The Metaphysical Expositions	137	(13)
The Transcendental Expositions: Space, Time, and Mathematics	150	(6)
What Do the Arguments in the Metaphysical and Transcendental Expositions Achieve?	156	(9)
Kant's Theory of the Sensory Contribution to Experience	165	(28)
Kant's Immediate Conclusions	165	(13)
Kant's Initial Comments and Provisos in the General Observations	178	(7)
Concluding Summary	185	(8)
Two Residual Issues from the Aesthetic: Sellars's and McDowell's ``Myth of the Given''; Prolegomena §13	193	(28)
Myths of the Given	193	(14)
Prolegomena §13	207	(14)
PART III THE ANALYTIC OF CONCEPTS	221	(166)
Introduction to the Analytic of Concepts	223	(6)
Kant and Skepticism	229	(26)
Skepticism and Skeptical Method	230	(4)
Kant's View of Skepticism and Common Sense	234	(5)
Transcendental Arguments and Skepticism	239	(9)
Kant's Positive Response to Skepticism	248	(7)
The Transcendental Analytic and Metaphysical Deduction	255	(22)
Two Preliminary Comments	255	(8)
The Metaphysical Deduction	263	(7)
Some Criticisms and a Concluding Summary	270	(7)
The Transcendental Deduction (1)	277	(30)
Two Preliminary Sections: §13 and §14	278	(4)
The First Edition Transcendental Deduction	282	(13)
The B Transcendental Deduction	295	(12)
The Transcendental Deduction (2): Three Procedural Issues	307	(24)
The Two Steps of the B Deduction	307	(6)
The Distinction between a ``Subjective'' and ``Objective'' Deduction, and the Appeal to Psychology	313	(7)
Modest and Ambitious Accounts of the Transcendental Deduction: A Preliminary Survey	320	(11)
The Transcendental Deduction (3): Conceptual Unity	331	(34)
The Textual Case in the Deduction	331	(17)
Reality and Objectivity in the Transcendental Deduction	348	(17)
The Transcendental Deduction (4): Personal Unity	365	(22)
Comparison with the Cartesian Cogito	366	(3)
Consciousness, Self-consciousness, Unity, Identity	369	(9)
The Epistemology and Metaphysics of the Self	378	(9)
PART IV THE ANALYTIC OF PRINCIPLES	387	(200)
Introduction to the Analytic of Principles	389	(4)
The Analytic of Principles	393	(24)
Preliminaries	395	(7)
The Principles and their Proofs	402	(7)
Implications	409	(4)
Parities and Disparities between Inner and Outer Sense and Their Objects	413	(4)
The Mathematical Principles	417	(28)
Axioms of Intuition	418	(11)
Anticipations of Perception	429	(7)
The Mathematical Principles and Mathematics	436	(9)
The Three Analogies of Experience	445	(34)
The First Analogy	445	(10)
The Second Analogy	455	(17)
The Third Analogy	472	(7)
What Do the Analogies Achieve?	479	(22)
Ambiguities in Kant's Conclusions and Arguments	481	(9)
The Positive Argument	490	(11)
The Postulates and Refutation of Idealism	501	(22)
The Postulates of Empirical Thought	502	(3)
The Refutation of Idealism	505	(18)
Concluding Sections of the Analytic of Principles	523	(30)
On the Distinction between Phenomena and Noumena	525	(14)
The Amphiboly of Concepts of Reflection	539	(14)
The Wider Theoretical Context of Kant's Appeal to Things in Themselves	553	(34)
Adickes's General Position	555	(1)
Approaching the Textual Evidence	556	(20)
Concluding Summary	576	(4)
A Note on Karl Ameriks	580	(7)
PART V THE TRANSCENDENTAL DIALECTIC AND THE DOCTRINE OF METHOD	587	(186)
Introduction to the Transcendental Dialectic and the Doctrine of Method	589	(4)
The Apparatus and Philosophical Therapy of the Dialectic	593	(32)
The Vocabulary and Structure of the Dialectic	594	(15)
Wittgenstein's and Kant's Philosophical Therapies	609	(9)
Therapeutic Anti Platonism and Quietism	618	(7)
The Paralogisms	625	(36)
The Arguments in the Paralogisms A and B	627	(17)
Questions and Criticisms	644	(10)
Immunity to Error through Misidentification	654	(7)
The Mathematical Antinomies	661	(28)
The Architectonic Structure	662	(2)
The Formal Proofs	664	(6)
The Cosmological Issues	670	(10)
Implications for Transcendental Idealism	680	(9)
The Third Antinomy: Freedom of the Will	689	(30)
The Conflict in the Third Antinomy between Freedom and Cause	690	(8)
Kant's Resolution of the Antinomy	698	(14)
Persons, Morality, and Transcendental Idealism	712	(7)
The Fourth Antinomy, Ideal, and Appendix to the Dialectic	719	(20)
Arguments about the Supreme Being	721	(6)
Summary of the Dialectical Therapy: The Appendix and the Constitutive/Regulative Distinction	727	(12)
The Doctrine of Method	739	(18)
The Concluding Account of Philosophy	741	(3)
The Ideas of System, Holism, and Nonanalytic Conceptual Dependence	744	(8)
The Idea of a Metaphysical Grund for Experience	752	(5)
A Concluding Summary of Transcendental Idealism	757	(16)
What is Transcendental Idealism?	758	(9)
What are Kant's Real Merits?	767	(6)
Notes	773	(84)
Bibliography	857	(12)
Index	869