RF Circuit Design : Theory and Applications

by Ludwig, Reinhold; Bogdanov, Gene

• ISBN13: 9780130953230
• ISBN10: 0130953237
• Edition: CD
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This practical and comprehensive book introduces RF circuit design fundamentals while emphasizing a circuit-based approach.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Introduction	1	(36)
Importance of Radiofrequency Design	2	(4)
Dimensions and Units	6	(2)
Frequency Spectrum	8	(2)
RF Behavior of Passive Components	10	(14)
High-Frequency Resistors	14	(3)
High-Frequency Capacitors	17	(4)
High-Frequency Inductors	21	(3)
Chip Components and Circuit Board Considerations	24	(4)
Chip Resistors	24	(1)
Chip Capacitors	25	(1)
Surface-Mounted Inductors	26	(2)
Summary	28	(9)
Transmission Line Analysis	37	(64)
Why Transmission Line Theory?	37	(4)
Examples of Transmission Lines	41	(4)
Two-Wire Lines	41	(1)
Coaxial Line	42	(1)
Microstrip Lines	42	(3)
Equivalent Circuit Representation	45	(2)
Theoretical Foundation	47	(6)
Basic Laws	47	(6)
Circuit Parameters for a Parallel Plate Transmission Line	53	(4)
Summary of Different Line Configurations	57	(1)
General Transmission Line Equation	58	(6)
Kirchhoff Voltage and Current Law Representations	58	(4)
Traveling Voltage and Current Waves	62	(1)
General Impedance Definition	63	(1)
Lossless Transmission Line Model	64	(1)
Microstrip Transmission Lines	64	(5)
Terminated Lossless Transmission Line	69	(6)
Voltage Reflection Coefficient	69	(2)
Propagation Constant and Phase Velocity	71	(1)
Standing Waves	72	(3)
Special Termination Conditions	75	(9)
Input Impedance of Terminated Lossless Line	75	(1)
Short Circuit Transmission Line	76	(3)
Open-Circuit Transmission Line	79	(2)
Quarter-Wave Transmission Line	81	(3)
Sourced and Loaded Transmission Line	84	(9)
Phasor Representation of Source	85	(2)
Power Considerations for a Transmission Line	87	(3)
Input Impedance Matching	90	(1)
Return Loss and Insertion Loss	91	(2)
Summary	93	(8)
The Smith Chart	101	(42)
From Reflection Coefficient to Load Impedance	102	(8)
Reflection Coefficient in Phasor Form	102	(2)
Normalized Impedance Equation	104	(2)
Parametric Reflection Coefficient Equation	106	(2)
Graphical Representation	108	(2)
Impedance Transformation	110	(12)
Impedance Transformation for General Load	110	(3)
Standing Wave Ratio	113	(2)
Special Transformation Conditions	115	(4)
Computer Simulations	119	(3)
Admittance Transformation	122	(4)
Parametric Admittance Equation	122	(3)
Additional Graphical Displays	125	(1)
Parallel and Series Connections	126	(7)
Parallel Connection of R and L Elements	127	(1)
Parallel Connection of R and C Elements	128	(1)
Series Connection of R and L Elements	128	(1)
Series Connection of R and C Elements	129	(1)
Example of a T-Network	130	(3)
Summary	133	(10)
Single- and Multiport Networks	143	(58)
Basic Definitions	144	(9)
Interconnecting Networks	153	(8)
Series Connection of Networks	153	(1)
Parallel Connection of Networks	154	(1)
Cascading Networks	155	(1)
Summary of ABCD Network Representations	156	(5)
Network Properties and Applications	161	(7)
Interrelations between Parameter Sets	161	(3)
Analysis of Microwave Amplifier	164	(4)
Scattering Parameters	168	(26)
Definition of Scattering Parameters	168	(3)
Meaning of S-Parameters	171	(4)
Chain Scattering Matrix	175	(2)
Conversion between Z- and S-Parameters	177	(1)
Signal Flow Chart Modeling	178	(6)
Generalization of S-Parameters	184	(4)
Practical Measurements of S-Parameters	188	(6)
Summary	194	(7)
An Overview of RF Filter Design	201	(70)
Basic Resonator and Filter Configurations	202	(18)
Filter Types and Parameters	202	(4)
Low-Pass Filter	206	(3)
High-Pass Filter	209	(1)
Bandpass and Bandstop Filters	210	(7)
Insertion Loss	217	(3)
Special Filter Realizations	220	(21)
Butterworth-Type Filters	221	(3)
Chebyshev-Type Filters	224	(7)
Denormalization of Standard Low-Pass Design	231	(10)
Filter Implementation	241	(12)
Unit Elements	243	(1)
Kuroda's Identities	243	(2)
Examples of Microstrip Filter Design	245	(8)
Coupled Filter	253	(10)
Odd and Even Mode Excitation	254	(3)
Bandpass Filter Section	257	(1)
Cascading bandpass filter elements	258	(2)
Design Example	260	(3)
Summary	263	(8)
Active RF Components	271	(80)
Semiconductor Basics	272	(21)
Physical Properties of Semiconductors	272	(7)
PN-Junction	279	(10)
Schottky Contact	289	(4)
RF Diodes	293	(19)
Schottky Diode	293	(3)
PIN Diode	296	(6)
Varactor Diode	302	(3)
IMPATT Diode	305	(2)
Tunnel Diode	307	(4)
TRAPATT, BARRITT, and Gunn Diodes	311	(1)
Bipolar-Junction Transistor	312	(16)
Construction	312	(2)
Functionality	314	(7)
Frequency Response	321	(2)
Temperature Behavior	323	(4)
Limiting Values	327	(1)
RF Field Effect Transistors	328	(10)
Construction	329	(2)
Functionality	331	(6)
Frequency Response	337	(1)
Limiting Values	337	(1)
High Electron Mobility Transistors	338	(5)
Construction	339	(1)
Functionality	339	(4)
Frequency Response	343	(1)
Summary	343	(8)
Active RF Component Modeling	351	(54)
Diode Models	352	(5)
Nonlinear Diode Model	352	(2)
Linear Diode Model	354	(3)
Transistor Models	357	(28)
Large-Signal BJT Models	357	(9)
Small-Signal BJT Models	366	(12)
Large-Signal FET Models	378	(4)
Small-Signal FET Models	382	(3)
Measurement of Active Devices	385	(8)
DC Characterization of Bipolar Transistor	385	(2)
Measurements of AC Parameters of Bipolar Transistors	387	(5)
Measurements of Field Effect Transistor Parameters	392	(1)
Scattering Parameter Device Characterization	393	(4)
Summary	397	(8)
Matching and Biasing Networks	405	(58)
Impedance Matching Using Discrete Components	406	(25)
Two-Component Matching Networks	406	(9)
Forbidden Regions, Frequency Response, and Quality Factor	415	(11)
T and Pi Matching Networks	426	(5)
Microstrip Line Matching Networks	431	(13)
From Discrete Components to Microstrip Lines	431	(4)
Single-Stub Matching Networks	435	(5)
Double-Stub Matching Networks	440	(4)
Amplifier Classes of Operation and Biasing Networks	444	(12)
Classes of Operation and Efficiency of Amplifiers	444	(5)
Bipolar Transistor Biasing Networks	449	(6)
Field Effect Transistor Biasing Networks	455	(1)
Summary	456	(7)
RF Transistor Amplifier Designs	463	(76)
Characteristics of Amplifiers	464	(1)
Amplifier Power Relations	465	(5)
RF Source	465	(1)
Transducer Power Gain	466	(2)
Additional Power Relations	468	(2)
Stability Considerations	470	(13)
Stability Circles	470	(3)
Unconditional Stability	473	(7)
Stabilization Methods	480	(3)
Constant Gain	483	(19)
Unilateral Design	483	(7)
Unilateral Figure of Merit	490	(2)
Bilateral Design	492	(3)
Operating and Available Power Gain Circles	495	(7)
Noise Figure Circles	502	(4)
Constant VSWR Circles	506	(5)
Broadband, High-Power, and Multistage Amplifiers	511	(18)
Broadband Amplifiers	511	(11)
High-Power Amplifiers	522	(4)
Multistage Amplifiers	526	(3)
Summary	529	(10)
Oscillators and Mixers	539	(58)
Basic Oscillator Model	540	(12)
Negative Resistance Oscillator	541	(2)
Feedback Oscillator Design	543	(3)
Design Steps	546	(4)
Quartz Oscillators	550	(2)
High-Frequency Oscillator Configuration	552	(22)
Fixed-Frequency Oscillators	556	(7)
Dielectric Resonator Oscillators	563	(6)
YIG-Tuned Oscillator	569	(1)
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator	570	(3)
Gunn Element Oscillator	573	(1)
Basic Characteristics of Mixers	574	(16)
Basic Concepts	575	(3)
Frequency Domain Considerations	578	(2)
Single-Ended Mixer Design	580	(8)
Single-Balanced Mixer	588	(2)
Double-Balanced Mixer	590	(1)
Summary	590	(7)
Appendix A. Useful Physical Quantities and Units	597	(4)
Appendix B. Skin Equation for a Cylindrical Conductor	601	(2)
Appendix C. Complex Numbers	603	(2)
C.1 Basic Definition	603	(1)
C.2 Magnitude Computations	603	(1)
C.3 Circle Equation	604	(1)
Appendix D. Matrix Conversions	605	(3)
Appendix E. Physical Parameters of Semiconductors	608	(1)
Appendix F. Long and Short Diode Models	609	(3)
F.1 Long Diode	610	(1)
F.2 Short Diode	610	(2)
Appendix G. Couplers	612	(8)
G.1 Wilkinson Divider	612	(4)
G.2 Branch Line Coupler	616	(3)
G.3 Lange Coupler	619	(1)
Appendix H. Noise Analysis	620	(11)
H.1 Basic Definitions	620	(3)
H.2 Noisy Two-Port Networks	623	(2)
H.3 Noise Figure for Two-Port Network	625	(4)
H.4 Noise Figure for Cascaded Multiport Network	629	(2)
Appendix I. Introduction to Matlab	631	(6)
I.1 Background	631	(2)
I.2 Brief Example of Stability Evaluation	633	(2)
I.3 Simulation Software on Compact Disk	635	(2)
I.3.1 Overview	635	(1)
I.3.2 Software Installation	635	(1)
I.3.3 File Organization	636	(1)
Index	637