The RFID Roadmap

by Wolfram, Gerd; Gampl, Birgit; Gabriel, Peter

• ISBN13: 9783540710189
• ISBN10: 3540710183
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-10-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

RFID is a key technology for Europe. Today we are witnessing a noticeable shift away from RFID pilot projects of the early days, towards a broad deployment of RFID in order to increase efficiency and innovation of processes. Even though Europe is a leading player in the world of RFID technology, several challenges need to be addressed in order for RFID to reach its full potential. To further the advancement of this technology, coordinated European efforts need to be promoted, especially in the areas of standardisation, user guidelines, legislation, technology development, and research and development.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
The Technology Diffusion of RFID and Specific Challenges	p. 4
Outline of the Book	p. 6
Framework for the Classification of RFID Applications and Stakeholders	p. 9
The RFID Reference Model	p. 9
The RFID Stakeholder Model	p. 12
Standards	p. 15
Standardisation Organisations and Processes	p. 16
Basic Rule Setting Organisations	p. 16
Standard Development Organisations	p. 17
User and Industry Organisations	p. 18
Business Models of Standardisation Organisations	p. 18
Radio Spectrum Framework	p. 20
Interoperability of Standards	p. 26
Product Codes	p. 27
The Internet of Things	p. 28
Data Exchange and the Object Name Service (ONS)	p. 29
Analysis of the Need for Application Specific Standards	p. 31
Logistical Tracking and Tracing of Goods	p. 32
Production, Monitoring and Maintenance of Goods and Processes	p. 34
Product Safety, Quality and Information of Goods and Processes	p. 36
Access Control Systems, Personal Tracking, Rental Systems	p. 38
General Assessment of Current RFID Application Standards	p. 39
General Recommendations on RFID Application Standards	p. 40
Need for Standards for RFID Sensor Tags	p. 40
Privacy and Security Standards	p. 41
Privacy	p. 41
Security	p. 42
Data Security Measures in Air Interface Standards	p. 43
Recommendations on Privacy and Data Security	p. 44
Implementation and Application Guidelines	p. 47
Requirements of Guidelines	p. 48
The RFID Reference Model	p. 48
The RFID Implementation Checklist	p. 48
Analysis of Existing Guidelines	p. 51
Method	p. 51
Initial Categorisation	p. 53
Definition of RFID Guidelines	p. 54
Process of Analysis	p. 55
List of Guidelines Analysed	p. 56
Quantitative Analysis of Guidelines	p. 64
Formal Categories	p. 64
Addressees of Guidelines	p. 66
Consideration of Stakeholders	p. 70
Establishing Guidelines Using the RFID Implementation Checklist	p. 72
Conclusions	p. 77
Relevance of Existing RFID Guidelines	p. 77
The RFID Implementation Checklist - next Steps	p. 78
Regulatory Framework	p. 81
Privacy	p. 81
Legal Framework	p. 82
Data Protection Principles and the Definition of Personal Data	p. 84
RFID and Data Protection Legislation: a Case Specific Approach	p. 88
Conclusions	p. 96
Health and Environmental Effects	p. 100
Health Effects	p. 100
Environmental Effects	p. 101
Radio Spectrum	p. 103
EC Legislation and other Policy Texts	p. 103
Analysis	p. 106
Conclusion	p. 107
The Intellectual Property Rights Framework	p. 108
Policy Approaches	p. 108
Industry approaches	p. 111
Open Source Approach: OpenPCD	p. 113
Conclusions	p. 113
RFID Governance	p. 115
Observation of Current Debate on Internet Governance	p. 115
Legal Framework and Approaches to RFID Governance	p. 117
Conclusions	p. 119
Technological Research Needs	p. 121
General Technology Challenges	p. 121
Technology Requirements	p. 123
Tags	p. 123
Readers	p. 125
System Technology	p. 126
RFID Technology Roadmap	p. 127
Packaging	p. 129
Chip Design	p. 129
Energy Aspects	p. 130
RF Technology	p. 131
Manufacturing	p. 132
Systems	p. 133
Readers	p. 134
Non-Silicon Technologies	p. 135
Bi-stable Displays	p. 136
Sensors	p. 136
Cryptography	p. 137
ICT Architectures	p. 138
Environmental Aspects	p. 138
R&D Environment	p. 141
Outline and Approach	p. 141
Assessment Criteria of R&D Support Programmes	p. 142
Methodology used for the Analysis	p. 143
Programmes and Countries Considered	p. 144
Analysis of National Programmes	p. 145
Germany	p. 145
France	p. 148
UK	p. 151
The Netherlands	p. 151
Italy	p. 153
Spain	p. 153
Austria	p. 154
Finland	p. 156
New Member States	p. 158
Transnational Programmes with National Funding	p. 159
Nordite	p. 159
Eureka	p. 159
Transnational Programmes with Joint National and EU Funding	p. 161
European Programmes	p. 161
R&D Programmes & the RFID Reference Model	p. 164
Conclusions of RFID R&D Funding Programme Assessment	p. 165
Thematic Focus of Funded Programmes	p. 165
Funding Structures	p. 166
Recommendation for a Future European R&D Policy	p. 168
Conclusion: The Next Steps for Europe	p. 175
The Fields of Activities	p. 175
The Stakeholder Perspective	p. 179
References	p. 187
Index	p. 197
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