Rhetoric and Human Consciousness : A History

by Smith, Craig R.

• ISBN13: 9781577661740
• ISBN10: 1577661745
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-11-01
• Publisher: Waveland Pr Inc

Summary

This text illustrates the evolving definitions of rhetoric from myth & display to persuasion & symbolic inducement. This history of rhetoric includes unique, in-depth investigations of Greco-Roman, medieval, Renaissance, modern, existential & postmodern thinking.

Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
An Introduction to Rhetoric	p. 1
Defining Rhetoric	p. 2
What Is Theory?	p. 5
A Situational Metatheory	p. 7
A Case Study of Rhetoric in the Contemporary World	p. 9
Exigences	p. 10
Audiences	p. 11
Constraints	p. 13
The Emergence of Rhetoric in Myth and Narrative	p. 17
Myth, Narrative, and Rhetoric	p. 19
Myths and Metaphors	p. 22
A Case Study: The Gospel Narrator	p. 26
Essential Elements of Effective Narratives	p. 32
The Greek Sophistication of Rhetoric from Thales to Plato	p. 39
Thales and the Naturalist School	p. 41
Athenian Reform and the Rise of Rhetoric	p. 43
The Mystics	p. 44
The Sophists	p. 46
Protagoras	p. 47
Lesser Sophists	p. 48
Gorgias	p. 50
Isocrates	p. 53
Socrates and Plato	p. 55
Communication and the Dialogues of Plato	p. 57
Aristotle's Rhetoric	p. 71
Ethos: To Be "Worthy of Belief"	p. 79
Pathos: Frame of Mind	p. 82
Logos: The Enthymeme and the Example	p. 88
Style and Delivery (Lexis)	p. 94
Organization (Taxis) and Form	p. 97
Case Study: Genre, Style, and Webster	p. 99
The Roman Rhetorical System	p. 111
Roman Nation Building	p. 112
Rhetorica ad Herennium	p. 119
The Stasis System	p. 120
Cicero and Quintilian	p. 125
Cicero on Forensic Speaking	p. 125
The Good Speaker and Public Virtue	p. 128
Cicero on Delivery and Humor	p. 132
Quintilian and the Teaching of Rhetoric	p. 134
Roman Theory of Style	p. 135
Decorum	p. 136
Major Tropes and Figures	p. 138
The Second Sophistic	p. 142
On the Sublime	p. 142
Case Study: Decorum in Shakespeare	p. 143
The Rise of Christianity and the Medieval Period	p. 155
The Augustinian Turn	p. 161
The Influence of Cicero	p. 166
The Influence of Plato	p. 168
The Influence of Jesus	p. 172
The Medieval Period	p. 174
The Rise of Islam	p. 176
Alcuin and Notker	p. 178
Hugh of St. Victor (1096-1141)	p. 179
Aquinas (1225-1274)	p. 181
Bacon (c. 1214-1292)	p. 183
Letter Writing	p. 184
Public Speaking in the Middle Ages	p. 185
The Renaissance of Rhetoric	p. 195
Venice, the Flourishing City-State	p. 195
Florence and the Practice of Rhetoric	p. 197
Savonarola (1452-1498)	p. 198
Dante and the Rise of the Vernacular	p. 200
Machiavelli (1469-1527) as Rhetor	p. 203
Other Theorists	p. 209
Trebizond (1395-1472)	p. 209
Agricola (1444-1485) and Melanchthon (1497-1560)	p. 209
Erasmus (1465-1536)	p. 211
Ramus (1515-1572)	p. 212
The Protestant Revolt	p. 213
Luther (1483-1543) and Protestant Preaching	p. 214
The Spread of Protestantism	p. 217
Religious Intolerance	p. 219
The Counterreformation	p. 220
The English Renaissance	p. 221
The Spanish Renaissance	p. 225
Epistemology and the Modern Rhetorics	p. 233
Cartesian Duality and Humanistic Unity	p. 234
Descartes (1596-1650)	p. 234
Vico (1668-1744)	p. 236
Epistemology in Great Britain	p. 238
Bacon (1561-1626)	p. 239
Locke (1632-1704)	p. 242
Enlightened Women	p. 246
Hume (1711-1776)	p. 247
Faculty Psychology and Rhetoric	p. 250
Campbell (1719-1796)	p. 252
Blair (1718-1800)	p. 256
Elocutionary Thought	p. 259
Sheridan (1719-1788) and Austin (1753-1837)	p. 259
Whately (1787-1863)	p. 260
Bain (1818-1903)	p. 263
The Existential Revolt against Modernists	p. 269
The Modernist Position	p. 270
Existential Objections	p. 273
Kierkegaard (1813-1855)	p. 273
Sartre (1905-1980)	p. 278
Heidegger (1889-1976)	p. 283
Jaspers (1883-1969) and Buber (1878-1965)	p. 286
The Existential Challenge	p. 287
Identification, Dialectic, and Dramatism	p. 295
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)	p. 296
The Structure of the Psyche	p. 299
The Theory of Identification	p. 301
Karl Marx (1818-1883)	p. 302
Extending the Marxist Critique	p. 304
Habermas' Reform	p. 309
Kenneth Burke (1897-1993)	p. 312
Case Study of Subliminal Symbology	p. 317
The Pentad	p. 319
Strategies of Identification	p. 322
A Case Study of Mediated Identification	p. 327
Redefinition	p. 331
Framing Rhetoric	p. 334
Context, Function, and Media	p. 341
Meaning in Context	p. 342
Richards (1893-1979)	p. 342
Perelman (1912-1984) and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1899-1988)	p. 345
Toulmin (1922- )	p. 349
Mediated Rhetoric in the Contemporary Era	p. 352
McLuhan (1911-1980)	p. 354
A Case Study in Mediated Rhetoric: Murphy Is the Message	p. 358
Postmodern and Feminist Theories	p. 367
Postmodernism: Oxymoron or Useful Construct	p. 368
Foucault (1926-1984)	p. 372
Lyotard (1924-1988)	p. 374
Derrida (1930- )	p. 377
Feminism in the Postmodern World	p. 381
Gender-Based Communication	p. 383
Elevating Feminine Values	p. 386
Standpoint Feminism	p. 388
Feminist Legal Theory	p. 389
The Feminist Critique as a Rhetorical Theory	p. 391
Rhetorical Consciousness	p. 403
Rhetoric as Ontological	p. 404
Rhetoric as Axiological	p. 405
Rhetoric as Epistemic	p. 406
Rhetoric, Governance, and Power	p. 407
App.: A Time Line of Events	p. 411
Bibliography	p. 423
Index	p. 441
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