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Purchase Benefits
Preface | p. iii |
Summary | p. xi |
Acknowledgments | p. xxv |
Family Choice and the Common School | p. 1 |
The Movement for Choice in Education | p. 3 |
Common Features of Voucher and Charter Schools | p. 9 |
Admission by Choice | p. 10 |
Market Accountability | p. 12 |
Autonomous, Nongovernment Operation | p. 12 |
Public Policy and Private Choice: A Note on the Scope of Our Inquiry | p. 14 |
Challenging the Common School Model | p. 17 |
The Common School Model | p. 17 |
The Challenge | p. 20 |
"Private" or "Public"? | p. 23 |
Defining the Relevant Empirical Issues | p. 24 |
Academic Achievement | p. 25 |
Choice | p. 26 |
Access | p. 26 |
Integration | p. 27 |
Civic Socialization | p. 27 |
Values and Knowledge in the School-Choice Debate | p. 28 |
Summary: Key Policy Questions in Brief | p. 30 |
Vouchers and Charters in Policy and Practice | p. 33 |
Policy-Design Dimensions Common to Voucher and Charter Programs | p. 34 |
Regulatory Dimensions | p. 34 |
Financing Dimensions | p. 37 |
Examples of Regulatory and Financing Differences | p. 39 |
Differences Between Voucher and Charter Programs | p. 45 |
Public Accountability | p. 45 |
Religion | p. 47 |
Participation of Existing Private Schools | p. 48 |
Funding | p. 48 |
Education Tax Subsidies | p. 50 |
Sample Voucher and Charter Policies | p. 51 |
Sample Voucher Programs | p. 52 |
Sample Charter Laws | p. 54 |
Universal-Choice Systems of Autonomous Schools | p. 55 |
Characteristics of Voucher and Charter Schools | p. 58 |
Enrollment, School Size, and Pupil-Teacher Ratio | p. 60 |
Grade-Level Configuration | p. 62 |
Teachers | p. 62 |
Program Content | p. 64 |
Complementary Programs and Resources | p. 66 |
Summary | p. 67 |
Academic Achievement | p. 69 |
Theoretical Arguments | p. 70 |
Effects on Students in Voucher and Charter Schools | p. 72 |
Methodological Issues | p. 72 |
Evidence from Voucher Programs | p. 76 |
Evidence from Charter Schools | p. 91 |
Evidence from School Choice in Other Contexts | p. 98 |
Literature on Public and Private Schools | p. 101 |
Final Thoughts on Achievement in Voucher and Charter Schools | p. 103 |
Effects on Students Remaining in Assigned Public Schools | p. 104 |
Systemic Effects of Vouchers | p. 105 |
Systemic Effects of Charter Schools | p. 110 |
Studies of Interdistrict and Public-Private Competition | p. 111 |
What Is Not Yet Known About Academic Outcomes | p. 113 |
Choice | p. 115 |
Theoretical Arguments | p. 116 |
Demand for Choice | p. 117 |
Extent of Choice in the Current System | p. 117 |
Demand for Existing Voucher and Charter Programs | p. 119 |
Supply of Autonomous Schools | p. 121 |
Existing Empirical Evidence | p. 122 |
Constraints on Supply | p. 124 |
Parental Satisfaction in Autonomous Schools | p. 128 |
Parental Satisfaction in Voucher Schools | p. 128 |
Parental Satisfaction in Charter Schools | p. 134 |
A Concluding Note on Parental Satisfaction | p. 136 |
Summary | p. 137 |
Access | p. 139 |
Theoretical Arguments | p. 140 |
Who Uses Vouchers? | p. 143 |
Family Income of Voucher Students | p. 143 |
Race and Ethnicity of Voucher Students | p. 146 |
Prior Academic Achievement of Voucher Students | p. 147 |
Education Level of Voucher Parents | p. 148 |
Vouchers and Students with Disabilities | p. 149 |
Who Attends Charter Schools? | p. 152 |
Charter Schools and Children in Poverty | p. 153 |
Race and Ethnicity of Charter-School Students | p. 153 |
Prior Academic Achievement of Charter-School Students | p. 154 |
Charter Schools and Students with Disabilities | p. 155 |
Summary | p. 155 |
Integration | p. 157 |
The History of Choice and the Racial Politics of Schooling | p. 158 |
Theoretical Arguments | p. 160 |
Conceptual and Measurement Issues | p. 162 |
Integration in Existing Voucher and Charter Programs | p. 164 |
Integration in Voucher Schools | p. 165 |
Integration in Charter Schools | p. 168 |
Evidence from Other Contexts | p. 172 |
How Do Families Choose? | p. 172 |
Unrestricted-Choice and Open-Enrollment Plans | p. 174 |
Controlled Choice and the Importance of Policy Details | p. 177 |
Unresolved Complexities and Tensions | p. 178 |
Between-School versus Within-School Integration | p. 178 |
Integration in School versus Residential Integration | p. 179 |
Targeting versus Integration in Charter Schools | p. 180 |
Quality of Integration | p. 180 |
Choice, Integration, and Social Trust | p. 181 |
Summary | p. 182 |
Civic Socialization | p. 185 |
Historical Perspective | p. 185 |
Historic Roots of the Democratic Purposes of Public Schools | p. 186 |
Civic Socialization in the 21st Century | p. 187 |
Theoretical Arguments Concerning Civic Socialization and Choice | p. 188 |
Arguments in Favor of Vouchers and Charters | p. 188 |
Arguments in Favor of Conventional Public Schools | p. 189 |
Empirical Findings | p. 191 |
What Is Civic Socialization? | p. 191 |
Evidence from Existing Voucher and Charter Schools | p. 192 |
Civic Socialization in Public and Private Schools | p. 194 |
Civic Socialization in Catholic Schools | p. 197 |
Summary | p. 199 |
Conclusions and Policy Implications | p. 201 |
Assessing the Challenge | p. 201 |
Summarizing the Evidence | p. 202 |
What Is Known | p. 202 |
What Is Not Known | p. 204 |
What Could Be Known | p. 206 |
What Might Be Learned Through a Grand Experiment | p. 208 |
A Note on Cost | p. 210 |
Implications for Large-Scale Choice Programs | p. 213 |
Considerations in Policy Design | p. 219 |
How Might Policymakers Maximize the Likelihood That Voucher/Charter Schools Will Be Academically Effective? | p. 220 |
How Might Policymakers Maximize the Likelihood That Systemic Effects on Nonchoosers Will Be Positive Rather than Negative? | p. 221 |
How Can Policymakers Ensure That a Substantial Number of Autonomous Schools Will Be Available? | p. 223 |
How Can Policymakers Ensure That Autonomous Schools Will Serve Low-Income and Special-Needs Children? | p. 225 |
How Can Policymakers Promote Integration in Programs of Autonomous Schooling? | p. 230 |
How Can Policymakers Ensure That Voucher/Charter Schools Will Effectively Socialize Their Students to Become Responsible Citizens of the American Democracy? | p. 231 |
Final Thoughts | p. 232 |
References | p. 235 |
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