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9781441978400

Rna Exosome

by
  • ISBN13:

    9781441978400

  • ISBN10:

    1441978402

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2010-12-29
  • Publisher: Landes Bioscience
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Summary

The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more 'œclassic' RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of the book to introduce this fascinating protein complex and to give a timely and rich account of its many functions.

Table of Contents

Finding The Exosomep. 1
Abstractp. 1
Introductionp. 1
From Northerns to Nucleasesp. 2
A Glimpse of the Exosomep. 3
The Complete Complexp. 5
A Broader Perspectivep. 6
Conclusionp. 6
Structural Components And Architectures of RNA Exosomesp. 9
Abstractp. 9
Introductionp. 9
Global Structure of the Exosomep. 11
RNase PH-like Domains in Bacterial, Archaeal and Eukaryotic Core Exosomesp. 15
S1 and KH Containing Domains in Bacterial, Archaeal and Eukaryotic Core Exosomesp. 16
Mechanism of Phosphorolytic Activity in Bacterial PNPase and Archaeal Exosomesp. 17
Rrp44, a Eukaryotic Exosome Subunit with Hydrolytic Endoribonuclease and Processive Exoribonuclease Activitiesp. 19
Rrp44 PIN Domainp. 19
Rrp44 RNB Domainp. 21
Rrp44 and the 10-Component Exosomep. 22
Rrp6, a Eukaryotic Exosome Subunit with Distributive Hydrolytic Activitiesp. 23
Rrp6 Interactions with the Exosome Corep. 25
Conclusionp. 25
The Archaeal Exosomep. 29
Abstractp. 29
Introductionp. 29
Core Subunits of the Archaeal Exosomep. 30
Structure and Mechanismp. 31
Physiological Functionsp. 35
Conclusionp. 36
The Exosomes of Trypanosomes And Other Protistsp. 39
Abstractp. 39
Introduction: Why Study the Exosomes of Organisms Other Than Yeast and Animals?p. 39
Trypanosomes as a Model System for RNA Processing and Turnoverp. 40
The Structure of the Trypanosome Exosomep. 41
The Position of RRP6 Relative to the Exosome Corep. 41
Functions of the Trypanosome Exosome in the Nucleusp. 43
Functions of the Trypanosome Exosome in the Cytoplasmp. 44
Conservation of the Exosome in Eukaryotic Evolutionp. 46
Conclusionp. 47
The Exosome And 3′-5′ RNA Degradation in Plantsp. 50
Abstractp. 50
Introductionp. 50
Composition of Plant Exosome Core Complexesp. 51
Functional Specialisation of Individual Subunits?p. 53
Exosome Cofactors and Auxiliary Proteins in Plantsp. 55
RNA Substrates of the Plant Exosome Complexp. 56
Impact of 3′-5′ RNA Decay on Plant Genome Expressionp. 57
Impact of 3′-5′ Degradation in Organellesp. 58
Conclusionp. 59
Catalytic Properties of the Eukaryotic Exosomep. 63
Abstractp. 63
Introductionp. 63
Exosome Compositionp. 64
DIS3p. 66
Rrp6p. 71
Holoenzyme Activitiesp. 71
Noncatalytic Activities of the Exosome Ringp. 74
Conclusionp. 76
Functions of The Cytoplasmic Exosomep. 79
Abstractp. 79
Introductionp. 79
The Cytoplasmic Exosome Requires Four Cofactorsp. 80
The Exosome Functions in One of Two General Pathways for Cytoplasmic mRNA Degradationp. 82
The Cytoplasmic Exosome Functions in mRNA Surveillancep. 83
The Antiviral Function of the Cytoplasmic Exosomep. 85
Conclusion and Future Perspectivesp. 86
Rrp6, Rrp477 And Cofactors of the Nuclear Exosomep. 91
Abstractp. 91
Introductionp. 91
Structure and Activity of Rrp6p. 92
The Role of Rrp6 in the Maturation of Noncoding RNAsp. 93
The Role of Rrp6 in mRNA Surveillancep. 94
The Role of Rrp6 in the Regulation of mRNA Levelsp. 94
Rrp6 and the TRAMP Complexp. 95
The Exosome Cofactor Rrp47p. 96
Structure of Rrp47p. 96
Biochemical Activities of Rrp47p. 97
The Role of Rrp47 in RNA Processing and Degradationp. 97
The Exosome Cofactor Mpp6p. 99
Conclusionp. 100
The Exosome And Heterochromatin: Multilevel Regulation of Gene Silencingp. 105
Abstractp. 105
Introductionp. 105
Heterochromatinp. 106
Gene Silencing Pathways: RNAi and the Exosomep. 108
Multilevel Regulation of Gene Expressionp. 112
Regulating the Regulators: How the Stability of ncRNAs Determines Their Function in Heterochromatin Formationp. 114
Conclusionp. 117
Control of Cryptic Transcription in Eukaryotesp. 122
Abstractp. 122
Introduction: New Perspectives on the Shape of the Transcriptomep. 122
A Dedicated Pathway of Nuclear RNA Degradationp. 123
Widespread Transcription in Eukaryotic Genomesp. 124
Transcription Termination and the Hallmark of CUTs Instabilityp. 125
An RNAPII "CTD Code" for the Fate of Nascent Transcriptsp. 126
Regulatory Roles of Cryptic Transcriptionp. 128
Conclusionp. 129
The Human Exosome And Diseasep. 132
Abstractp. 132
Introductionp. 132
Identification of the PM/Scl Complexp. 133
Autoantibodies to the Exosome / PM/Scl-Antigenp. 134
Initiation of the Anti-Exosome / PM/Scl Autoimmune Responsep. 137
The Human Exosome and Cancerp. 138
Conclusionp. 139
Indexp. 143
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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