Rock Mechanics

by Barry H.G. Brady; E.T. Brown

• ISBN13: 9780412475504
• ISBN10: 0412475502
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2013-06-29
• Publisher: Springer Nature

Table of Contents

Preface to the second edition	xi
Preface to the first edition	xii
Acknowledgements	xiv
Rock mechanics and mining engineering	1	(16)
General concepts	1	(3)
Inherent complexities in rock mechanics	4	(2)
Underground mining	6	(5)
Functional interactions in mine engineering	11	(2)
Implementation of a rock mechanics programme	13	(4)
Stress and infinitesimal strain	17	(31)
Problem definition	17	(1)
Force and stress	18	(1)
Stress transformation	19	(4)
Principal stresses and stress invariants	23	(3)
Differential equations of static equilibrium	26	(1)
Plane problems and biaxial stress	27	(2)
Displacement and strain	29	(5)
Principal strains, strain transformation, volumetric strain and deviator strain	34	(1)
Strain compatibility equations	35	(1)
Stress-strain relations	35	(3)
Cylindrical polar co-ordinates	38	(2)
Geomechanics convention for displacement, strain and stress	40	(2)
Graphical representation of biaxial stress	42	(6)
Problems	44	(4)
Rock mass structure	48	(39)
Introduction	48	(1)
Major types of structural features	49	(4)
Important geomechanical properties of discontinuities	53	(6)
Collecting structural data	59	(10)
Presentation of structural data	69	(2)
The hemispherical projection	71	(6)
Rock mass classification	77	(10)
Problems	84	(3)
Rock strength and deformability	87	(54)
Introduction	87	(1)
Concepts and definitions	88	(1)
Behaviour of isotropic rock material in uniaxial compression	89	(12)
Behaviour of isotropic rock material in multiaxial compression	101	(5)
Strength criteria for isotropic rock material	106	(10)
Strength of anisotropic rock material in triaxial compression	116	(2)
Shear behaviour of discontinuities	118	(10)
Models of discontinuity strength and deformation	128	(4)
Behaviour of discontinuous rock masses	132	(9)
Problems	137	(4)
Pre-mining state of stress	141	(21)
Specification of the pre-mining state of stress	141	(1)
Factors influencing the in situ state of stress	142	(4)
Methods of in situ stress determination	146	(8)
Presentation of in situ stress measurement results	154	(3)
Results of in situ stress measurements	157	(5)
Problems	158	(4)
Methods of stress analysis	162	(32)
Analytical methods for mine design	162	(1)
Principles of classical stress analysis	163	(8)
Closed-form solutions for simple excavation shapes	171	(5)
Computational methods of stress analysis	176	(1)
The boundary element method	177	(5)
The finite element method	182	(7)
The distinct element method	189	(3)
Linked computational schemes	192	(2)
Excavation design in massive elastic rock	194	(25)
General design methodology	194	(2)
Zone of influence of an excavation	196	(3)
Effect of planes of weakness on elastic stress distribution	199	(5)
Excavation shape and boundary stresses	204	(5)
Delineation of zones of rock failure	209	(3)
Support and reinforcement of massive rock	212	(7)
Problems	216	(3)
Excavation design in stratified rock	219	(15)
Design factors	219	(1)
Rock mass response to mining	220	(2)
Roof bed deformation mechanics	222	(3)
Roof design procedure for plane strain	225	(5)
Roof design for square and rectangular excavations	230	(2)
Improved design procedures	232	(2)
Excavation design in jointed rock	234	(17)
Design factors	234	(1)
Identification of potential failure modes	235	(3)
Symmetric triangular roof prism	238	(4)
Asymmetric triangular roof prism	242	(3)
Roof stability analysis for a tetrahedral wedge	245	(2)
Pragmatic design in jointed rock	247	(4)
Energy, mine stability and rockbursts	251	(37)
Mechanical relevance of energy changes	251	(4)
Mining consequences of energy changes	255	(2)
Energy transmission in rock	257	(8)
Spherical cavity in a hydrostatic stress field	265	(5)
General determination of released and excess energy	270	(3)
Mine stability and rockburts	273	(2)
Instability due to pillar crushing	275	(5)
Thin tabular excavations	280	(3)
Instability due to fault slip	283	(2)
Seismic event parameters	285	(3)
Rock support and reinforcement	288	(38)
Terminology	288	(1)
Support and reinforcement principles	289	(4)
Rock-support interaction analysis	293	(5)
Pre-reinforcement	298	(2)
Support and reinforcement design	300	(14)
Materials and techniques	314	(12)
Mining methods and method selection	326	(24)
Mining excavations	326	(2)
Rock mass response to stoping activity	328	(3)
Orebody properties influencing mining method	331	(3)
Underground mining methods	334	(13)
Mining method selection	347	(3)
Naturally supported mining methods	350	(30)
Components of a supported mine structure	350	(2)
Field observations of pillar performance	352	(2)
Tributary area analysis of pillar support	354	(6)
Design of a stope-and-pillar layout	360	(6)
Bearing capacity of roof and floor rocks	366	(1)
The Elliot Lake room-and-pillar mines	367	(4)
Stope-and-pillar design in irregular orebodies	371	(3)
Open stope-and-pillar design at Mount Charlotte	374	(3)
Yielding pillars	377	(3)
Problems	378	(2)
Artificially supported mining methods	380	(19)
Techniques of artificial support	380	(2)
Backfill properties and placement	382	(4)
Design of mine backfill	386	(2)
Cut-and-fill stoping	388	(4)
Backfill applications in open stoping	392	(4)
Reinforcement of open stope walls	396	(3)
Longwall and caving mining methods	399	(39)
Classification of longwall and caving mining methods	399	(1)
Longwall mining in hard rock	399	(5)
Longwall coal mining	404	(10)
Sublevel caving	414	(11)
Block caving	425	(13)
Problems	434	(4)
Mining-induced surface subsidence	438	(28)
Types and effects of mining-induced subsidence	438	(2)
Chimney caving	440	(8)
Sinkholes in carbonate rock	448	(1)
Discontinuous subsidence associated with caving methods of mining	449	(7)
Continuous subsidence due to the mining of tabular orebodies	456	(10)
Blasting mechanics	466	(25)
Blasting processes in underground mining	466	(1)
Explosives	466	(3)
Elastic models of explosive-rock interaction	469	(2)
Phenomenology of rock breakage by explosives	471	(4)
Computational models of blasting	475	(1)
Perimeter blasting	476	(4)
Transient ground motion	480	(4)
Dynamic performance and design of underground excavations	484	(2)
Evaluation of explosive and blast performance	486	(5)
Monitoring rock mass performance	491	(27)
The purposes and nature of monitoring rock mass performance	491	(1)
Monitoring systems	492	(13)
Examples of monitoring rock mass performance	505	(13)
Appendix A Basic constructions using the hemispherical projection	518	(6)
A.1 Projection of a lie	518	(1)
A.2 Projection of the great circle and pole to a plane	518	(1)
A.3 Determination of the line of intersection of two planes	519	(1)
A.4 Determination of the angle between two lines in a plane	520	(1)
A.5 Determination of dip direction and true dip	521	(1)
A.6 Rotation about an inclined axis	522	(2)
Appendix B Stresses and displacements induced by point and infinite line loads in an infinite, isotropic, elastic continuum	524	(1)
B.1 A point load (the Kelvin equations)	524	(1)
B.2 An infinite line load	525	(1)
Appendix C Calculation sequences for rock-support interaction analysis	525	(8)
C.1 Scope	525	(1)
C.2 Required support line calculations	526	(4)
C.3 Available support line calculations	530	(3)
Appendix D Limiting equilibrium analysis of progressive hangingwall caving	533	(6)
D.1 Derivation of equations	533	(4)
D.2 Calculation sequence	537	(2)
Answers to problems	539	(3)
References	542	(17)
Index	559