Rockwood and Wilkins' Fractures in Children Rockwood, Green, and Wilkins' Fractures

by Beaty, James H.; Kasser, James R.

• ISBN13: 9780781725095
• ISBN10: 0781725097
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-07-31
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

This gold-standard reference on fractures in children is a comprehensivetext for residents in training and practicing orthopaedists. Now in its Fifth Edition, this widely renowned and established tool features new authors, new illustrations, new technology, and new techniques. With a format that is thorough, it remains clearly written and is designed for reader ease. Chapter outlines, tables, boxes and graphics contain a generous amount of information. Updated topics include X-rays and surgical anatomy. The book is accompanied by a CD-ROM, which features fully searchable text of the volume and power point presentation (with simple animation) of 20 surgical procedures. The CD-ROM also provides PubMed access.

Table of Contents

Contributing Authors	xi
Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xv
SECTION I: GENERAL PRINCIPLES	1	(266)
The Present Status of Children's Fractures	3	(18)
Kaye E. Wilkins
Alaric J. Aroojis
The Informational Changes	3	(1)
Changes in the Philosophy of Treating Fractures in Children	4	(1)
The Present Status of the Incidence of Fractures in Children	5	(7)
Etiology of Fractures	12	(5)
Preventive Programs	17	(4)
The Biologic Aspects of Children's Fractures	21	(28)
Edward W. Johnstone
Bruce K. Foster
The Immature Skeleton	21	(1)
Anatomic Regions of the Child's Bones	21	(8)
The Molecular Bone	29	(6)
Mechanisms of Bone Growth	35	(2)
Fracture Repair	37	(5)
The Future of Fracture Repair	42	(7)
Pain Relief and Related Concerns in Children's Fractures	49	(26)
Joseph R. Furman
Guidelines and Principles of Sedation in Children	49	(1)
Children	49	(5)
Sedative Medications	54	(7)
Regional Anesthesia in the Child with a Musculoskeletal Injury	61	(6)
Postoperative Analgesia in the Child with a Musculoskeletal Injury	67	(3)
Treatment of Postoperative Nausea	70	(5)
Management of the Multiply Injured Child	75	(16)
Vernon T. Tolo
Incidence of Injuries	75	(1)
Common Mechanisms of Injury	76	(1)
Role of the Pediatric Trauma Center	76	(1)
Initial Resuscitation and Evaluation	76	(1)
Evaluation and Assessment	77	(3)
Nonorthopaedic Conditions of the Multiply Injured Child	80	(2)
Orthopaedic Management of the Multiply Injured Child	82	(3)
Stabilization of Fractures	85	(6)
Physeal Injuries and Growth Arrest	91	(48)
Hamlet A. Peterson
Physeal Fractures	91	(13)
Complications	104	(1)
Other Physeal Fractures	105	(9)
Physeal Arrest	114	(14)
Complications	128	(1)
Results	128	(11)
Pathologic Fractures Associated with Tumors and Unique Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System	139	(102)
John P. Dormans
John M. Flynn
Fractures Associated with Cysts, Tumors, or Tumor-like Processes	142	(27)
Bone and Fibrous Tissue Diseases	169	(11)
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain	180	(2)
Marrow Disease of Bone	182	(11)
Osteomyelitis	193	(4)
Pathologic Fractures After Limb Lengthening	197	(1)
Fractures in Conditions that Weaken Bone	197	(22)
Fractures in Neuromuscular Disease	219	(22)
Child Abuse	241	(26)
Robert M. Campbell, Jr.
Epidemiology	241	(1)
Historical Overview	241	(1)
The Homes at Risk	242	(1)
The Children at Risk	242	(1)
Sexual Abuse	243	(1)
Obtaining the History	243	(2)
Physical Examination	245	(4)
Fractures in Child Abuse	249	(4)
Additional Imaging Studies	253	(1)
Interpreting Imaging Studies in Child Abuse	254	(2)
Dating Fractures	256	(2)
Laboratory Studies and Consultations	258	(1)
The Differential Diagnosis	258	(1)
Osteogenesis Imperfecta	259	(1)
Treatment and Legal Reporting Requirements	260	(1)
The Courtroom	261	(2)
Prevention of Child Abuse	263	(4)
SECTION II: UPPER EXTREMITY	267	(540)
Fractures and Dislocations of the Hand and Carpus in Children	269	(112)
Thomas J. Graham
Peter M. Waters
Overview of Pediatric Hand Injuries	269	(9)
Specific Fractures of the Pediatric Hand	278	(63)
Carpal Injuries in Children	341	(19)
Dislocations of the Hand and Carpus	360	(21)
Distal Radius and Ulna Fractures	381	(62)
Peter M. Waters
Classification	382	(1)
Anatomy	382	(3)
Physeal Injuries	385	(19)
Radial Physeal Stress Fractures	404	(1)
Ulnar Physeal Fractures	405	(2)
Ulnar Styloid Fractures	407	(1)
Metaphyseal Fractures	408	(8)
Complete Fractures	416	(16)
Pediatric Galeazzi Fractures	432	(11)
Injuries to the Shafts of the Radius and Ulna	443	(40)
Charles T. Price
Gregory A. Mencio
Fractures of the Shafts of the Radius and Ulna	443	(32)
Plastic Deformation of the Radius and Ulna	475	(8)
Fractures of the Proximal Radius and Ulna	483	(46)
Henry G. Chambers
Fractures of the Proximal Radius	483	(23)
Fractures of the Proximal Ulna (Olecranon)	506	(23)
Monteggia Fracture---Dislocation in Children	529	(34)
Earl A. Stanley
Jose F. de la Garza
Historical Background	529	(3)
Anatomy and Biomechanics	532	(3)
Characteristics and Management of Monteggia Injuries	535	(25)
Summary	560	(3)
The Elbow Region: General Concepts in the Pediatric Patient	563	(14)
James H. Beaty
James R. Kasser
Incidence	563	(1)
Anatomy	564	(6)
Radiographic Findings	570	(7)
Supracondylar Fractures of the Distal Humerus	577	(48)
James R. Kasser
James H. Beaty
Incidence and General Considerations	577	(1)
Extension-Type Supracondylar Fractures	578	(38)
Flexion-Type Supracondylar Fracture	616	(9)
The Elbow: Physeal Fractures, Apophyseal Injuries of the Distal Humerus, Avascular Necrosis of the Trochlea, and T-Condylar Fractures	625	(80)
James H. Beaty
James R. Kasser
Physeal Fractures	625	(38)
Apophyseal Injuries of the Distal Humerus	663	(18)
Avascular Necrosis of the Trochlea	681	(6)
T-Condylar Fractures	687	(18)
Dislocations of the Elbow	705	(36)
George H. Thompson
Classification	705	(1)
Posterior Elbow Dislocations	705	(17)
Anterior Elbow Dislocations	722	(2)
Medial and Lateral Elbow Dislocations	724	(1)
Divergent Elbow Dislocation	725	(1)
Proximal Radioulnar Translocation	726	(1)
Radial Head Dislocation	727	(5)
Isolated Dislocations of the Ulna	732	(1)
Subluxation of the Radial Head (Pulled Elbow Syndrome)	732	(9)
Proximal Humerus, Scapula, and Clavicle	741	(66)
Young Kwon
John F. Sarwark
Fractures of the Proximal Humerus	741	(10)
Fractures of the Scapula	751	(6)
Fractures of the Clavicle	757	(8)
Fractures of the Humeral Shaft	765	(11)
Distal Humeral Diaphyseal Fractures	776	(7)
Supracondylar Process Fractures	783	(1)
Glenohumeral Subluxation and Dislocation	783	(24)
SECTION III: SPINE	807	(74)
Cervical Spine Injuries in Children	809	(38)
W. C. Warner, Jr.
Anatomy	810	(3)
History	813	(1)
Symptoms	813	(1)
Evaluation	813	(1)
Radiographic Evaluation	814	(4)
Initial Management of Cervical Spine Injuries	818	(4)
Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormalities	822	(1)
Spinal Cord Injury in Children	822	(1)
Neonatal Injury	823	(1)
Occipital Condylar Fracture	823	(1)
Atlantooccipital Instability	824	(6)
Fractures of the Atlas	830	(1)
Atlantoaxial Injuries	831	(8)
Subaxial Injuries	839	(8)
Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine	847	(34)
Randall T. Loder
Robert N. Hensinger
Anatomy	847	(1)
Classification and Mechanism of Injury	848	(4)
Signs and Symptoms	852	(1)
Radiographic Findings	853	(6)
Treatment	859	(4)
Prognosis and Complications	863	(18)
SECTION IV: LOWER EXTREMITY	881	(342)
Fractures of the Pelvis	883	(30)
S. Terrance Canale
James H. Beaty
Diagnosis	883	(2)
Classification	885	(1)
Applied Anatomy	886	(1)
Avulsion Fractures	886	(4)
Fractures of the Pubis or Ishcium	890	(3)
Fractures of the Sacrum	893	(1)
Fractures of the Coccyx	893	(2)
Fractures of the Ipsilateral Rami	895	(1)
Fractures Near or Subluxation of the Symphysis Pubis	895	(2)
Fractures Near or Subluxation of the Sacroiliac Joint	897	(1)
Unstable Fracture Patterns	897	(7)
Acetabular Fractures	904	(5)
Complications	909	(4)
Fractures and Traumatic Dislocations of the Hip in Children	913	(28)
R. Dale Blasier
Laurie O. Hughes
Fractures of the Hip	913	(16)
Hip Dislocations in Children	929	(12)
Femoral Shaft Fractures	941	(40)
James R. Kasser
James H. Beaty
Anatomy	941	(1)
Mechanism of Injury	941	(1)
Diagnosis	942	(1)
Radiographic Findings	942	(1)
Classification	943	(1)
Treatment	943	(25)
Complications of Femoral Shaft Fractures	968	(5)
Special Fractures of the Femoral Shaft	973	(8)
Fractures and Dislocations about the Knee	981	(96)
Paul D. Sponseller
Carl L. Stanitski
Part I: Extraarticular Fractures	982	(1)
Distal Femoral Epiphyseal Fractures	982	(29)
Fracture of the Proximal Tibial Epiphysis	1011	(8)
Avulsion of the Tibial Tubercle	1019	(7)
Osgood-Schlatter Lesion	1026	(3)
Fractures of the Patella	1029	(6)
Part II: Intraarticular and Ligamentous Injuries About the Knee	1035	(1)
Osteochondral Fractures	1035	(3)
Fracture of the Tibial Spine (Intercondylar Eminence)	1038	(6)
Ligament Injuries	1044	(13)
Knee Dislocations	1057	(2)
Patellar Dislocations	1059	(3)
Meniscal Injuries	1062	(5)
Discoid Meniscus	1067	(1)
Tibiofibular Dislocations	1068	(9)
Fractures of the Shaft of the Tibia and Fibula	1077	(44)
Stephen D. Heinrich
Epidemiology	1077	(2)
Classification	1079	(4)
Diaphyseal Fractures of the Tibia and Fibula	1083	(16)
Postfracture Immobilization	1099	(1)
Postfracture Rehabilitation	1099	(1)
Fractures of the Distal Tibial Metaphysis	1099	(2)
Complications Associated with Diaphyseal Tibia/Fibula Fractures	1101	(7)
Special Fractures	1108	(13)
Distal Tibial and Fibular Fractures	1121	(48)
R. Jay Cummings
Diagnosis	1122	(3)
Mechanism of Injury and Classification	1125	(6)
Anatomy	1131	(3)
Treatment	1134	(25)
Rehabilitation	1159	(1)
Prognosis and Complications	1160	(9)
Fractures and Dislocations of the Foot	1169	(54)
Thomas P. San Giovanni
Richard H. Gross
Anatomy	1170	(2)
Fractures of the Talus	1172	(13)
Osteochondral Fractures of the Talus	1185	(2)
Subtalar Dislocation	1187	(1)
Calcaneus	1187	(8)
Fractures of the Lesser Tarsal Bones	1195	(1)
Tarsometatarsal Injuries	1195	(4)
Metatarsals	1199	(3)
Fractures of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal	1202	(4)
Operative Treatment	1206	(1)
Stress Fractures	1206	(2)
Fractures of the Phalanges	1208	(1)
Open Fractures of the Foot	1209	(1)
Lawn Mower Injuries and Other Crush Injuries	1209	(5)
Lacerations of the Foot	1214	(1)
Puncture Wounds	1215	(1)
Lesions that May Resemble Fracture	1215	(8)
Subject Index	1223