Roitt's Essential Immunology, 11th Edition

by Peter Delves (University College London); Seamus Martin (Trinity College, Dublin); Dennis Burton (The Scripps Research Institute, CA); Ivan Roitt (Royal Free & University College Medical School)

• ISBN13: 9781405136037
• ISBN10: 1405136030
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-08-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Roitt's Essential Immunology has established itself as the book of choice for students of immunology worldwide. This excellent textbook is commonly regarded as 'the best of the immunology primers' and the eleventh edition remains at the cutting edge of this fascinating area of science.The trademark of this book is its highly readable introduction to the subject, its emphasis on core knowledge and its excellent four-color artwork. The internationally renowned authors have extensively updated all aspects of the book to produce a new edition, which will be an invaluable resource to students of immunology and medicine.Roitt's Essential Immunology is supported by a website at www.roitt.com This useful on-line resource includes interactive multiple-choice questions with feedback, key concepts explained with animations, further reading lists with PubMed links, and an archive of images from the book.

Author Biography

Professor Ivan Roitt, University College London

Dr Peter Delves, University College London

Professor Dennis Burton, Scripps Research Institute

Professor Seamus Martin, Trinity College, Dublin

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	x
Preface	xi
Abbreviations	xii
User guide	xvi
Innate immunity	1	(20)
External barriers against infection	1	(1)
Phagocytic cells kill microorganisms	2	(8)
Complement facilitates phagocytosis	10	(3)
Complement can mediate an acute inflammatory reaction	13	(3)
Humoral mechanisms provide a second defensive strategy	16	(2)
Extracellular killing	18	(3)
Specific acquired immunity	21	(16)
Antibody---the specific adaptor	21	(2)
Cellular basis of antibody production	23	(5)
Acquired memory	28	(1)
Acquired immunity has antigen specificity	29	(1)
Vaccination depends on acquired memory	30	(1)
Cell-mediated immunity protects against intracellular organisms	31	(1)
Immunopathology	32	(5)
Antibodies	37	(24)
The division of labor	37	(1)
Five classes of immunoglobulin	37	(1)
The IgG molecule	38	(5)
The structure and function of the immunoglobulin classes	43	(9)
Genetics of antibody diversity and function	52	(9)
Membrane receptors for antigen	61	(14)
The B-cell surface receptor for antigen (BCR)	61	(2)
The T-cell surface receptor for antigen (TCR)	63	(4)
The generation of diversity for antigen recognition	67	(5)
NK receptors	72	(3)
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)	75	(36)
The primary interaction with antigen	86	(1)
What antibodies see	86	(3)
Identifying B-cell epitopes on a protein	89	(2)
Thermodynamics of antibody--antigen interactions	91	(1)
Specificity and cross-reactivity of antibodies	92	(3)
What the T-cell sees	95	(1)
Processing of intracellular antigen for presentation by Class I MHC	95	(2)
Processing of antigen for Class II MHC presentation follows a different pathway	97	(3)
Cross-presentation for activation of naive CD8+ T-cells	100	(1)
The nature of the `groovy' peptide	101	(2)
The αβ T-cell receptor forms a ternary complex with MHC and antigenic peptide	103	(2)
T-cells with a different outlook	105	(1)
Superantigens stimulate whole families of lymphocyte receptors	106	(1)
The recognition of different forms of antigen by B- and T-cells is advantageous to the host	107	(4)
Immunological methods and applications	111	(44)
Making antibodies to order	111	(6)
Purification of antigens and antibodies by affinity chromatography	117	(1)
Modulation of biological activity by antibodies	118	(1)
Immunodetection of antigen in cells and tissues	119	(6)
Detection and quantitation of antigen by antibody	125	(5)
Epitope mapping	130	(1)
Estimation of antibody	131	(6)
Detection of immune complex formation	137	(1)
Isolation of leukocyte subpopulations	137	(2)
Gene expression analysis	139	(1)
Assessment of functional activity	140	(7)
Genetic engineering of cells	147	(8)
The anatomy of the immune response	155	(16)
The need for organized lymphoid tissue	155	(1)
Lymphocytes traffic between lymphoid tissues	156	(4)
Lymph nodes	160	(2)
Spleen	162	(1)
The skin immune system	162	(1)
Mucosal immunity	163	(3)
Bone marrow can be a major site of antibody synthesis	166	(1)
The enjoyment of privileged sites	167	(1)
The handling of antigen	167	(4)
Lymphocyte activation	171	(14)
Clustering of membrane receptors leads to their activation	171	(1)
T-lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells interact through several pairs of accessory molecules	172	(1)
The activation of T-cells requires two signals	173	(1)
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is an early event in T-cell signaling	173	(1)
Downstream events following TCR signaling	174	(4)
B-cells respond to three different types of antigen	178	(2)
The nature of B-cell activation	180	(5)
The production of effectors	185	(26)
Cytokines act as intercellular messengers	185	(6)
Different T-cell subsets can make different cytokine patterns	191	(3)
Activated T-cells proliferate in response to cytokines	194	(1)
T-cell effectors in cell-mediated immunity	195	(5)
Proliferation and maturation of B-cell responses are mediated by cytokines	200	(1)
What is going on in the germinal center?	200	(2)
The synthesis of antibody	202	(1)
Immunoglobulin class switching occurs in individual B-cells	202	(2)
Factors affecting antibody affinity in the immune response	204	(2)
Memory cells	206	(5)
Control mechanisms	211	(18)
Antigens can interfere with each other	211	(1)
Complement and antibody also play a role	211	(2)
Activation-induced cell death	213	(1)
T-cell regulation	213	(5)
Idiotype networks	218	(2)
The influence of genetic factors	220	(3)
Regulatory immunoneuroendocrine networks	223	(3)
Effects of diet, exercise, trauma and age on immunity	226	(3)
Ontogeny and phylogeny	229	(27)
Hematopoietic stem cells	229	(1)
The thymus provides the environment for T-cell differentiation	229	(4)
T-cell ontogeny	233	(4)
T-cell tolerance	237	(6)
B-cells differentiate in the fetal liver and then in bone marrow	243	(1)
B-1 and B-2 cells represent two distinct populations	244	(1)
Development of B-cell specificity	245	(2)
The induction of tolerance in B-lymphocytes	247	(2)
Natural killer (NK) cell ontogeny	249	(1)
The overall response in the neonate	250	(1)
The evolution of the immune response	250	(2)
The evolution of distinct B- and T-cell lineages was accompanied by the development of separate sites for differentiation	252	(1)
Cellular recognition molecules exploit the immunoglobulin gene superfamily	252	(4)
Adversarial strategies during infection	256	(31)
Inflammation revisited	256	(4)
Extracellular bacteria susceptible to killing by phagocytosis and complement	260	(8)
Bacteria which grow in an intracellular habitat	268	(4)
Immunity to viral infection	272	(5)
Immunity to fungi	277	(1)
Immunity to parasitic infections	278	(9)
Vaccines	287	(25)
Passively acquired immunity	287	(3)
Vaccination	290	(1)
Killed organisms as vaccines	290	(1)
Live attenuated organisms have many advantages as vaccines	291	(3)
Subunit vaccines containing individual protective antigens	294	(3)
Epitope-specific vaccines may be needed	297	(4)
Current vaccines	301	(1)
Vaccines under development	301	(4)
Vaccines against parasitic diseases have proved particularly difficult to develop	305	(2)
Vaccines for protection against bioterrorism	307	(1)
Immunization against cancer	307	(1)
Other applications for vaccines	307	(1)
Adjuvants	307	(5)
Immunodeficiency	312	(24)
Deficiencies of innate immune mechanisms	312	(3)
Primary B-cell deficiency	315	(1)
Primary T-cell deficiency	316	(2)
Combined immunodeficiency	318	(2)
Recognition of immunodeficiencies	320	(1)
Treatment of primary immunodeficiencies	320	(1)
Secondary immunodeficiency	320	(1)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)	321	(15)
Hypersensitivity	336	(28)
Anaphylactic hypersensitivity (Type I)	336	(11)
Antibody-dependent cytotoxic hypersensitivity (Type II)	347	(3)
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity (Type III)	350	(6)
Cell-mediated (delayed-type) hypersensitivity (Type IV)	356	(3)
Stimulatory hypersensitivity (Type V)	359	(1)
`Innate' hypersensitivity reactions	360	(4)
Transplantation	364	(20)
Genetic control of transplantation antigens	364	(2)
Some other consequences of MHC incompatibility	366	(1)
Mechanisms of graft rejection	367	(2)
The prevention of graft rejection	369	(6)
Is xenografting a practical proposition?	375	(1)
Stem cell therapy	376	(1)
Clinical experience in grafting	377	(3)
The fetus is a potential allograft	380	(4)
Tumor immunology	384	(26)
Cellular transformation and immune surveillance	384	(1)
Tumor antigens	385	(4)
Spontaneous immune responses to tumors	389	(2)
Tumor escape mechanisms	391	(1)
Unregulated development gives rise to lymphoproliferative disorders	392	(6)
Approaches to cancer immunotherapy	398	(9)
Immunodiagnosis of solid tumors	407	(3)
Autoimmune diseases	410	(46)
The scope of autoimmune diseases	410	(3)
Nature and nurture	413	(7)
Autoreactivity comes naturally	420	(2)
Is autoimmunity driven by antigen?	422	(1)
Control of the T-helper cell is pivotal	423	(1)
Autoimmunity can arise through bypass of T-helpers	424	(4)
Autoimmunity can arise through bypass of regulatory mechanisms	428	(3)
Autoimmune disorders are multifactorial	431	(1)
Pathogenic effects of humoral autoantibody	432	(3)
Pathogenic effects of complexes with autoantigens	435	(5)
T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity as a pathogenic factor in autoimmune disease	440	(4)
Some other systemic vascular disorders with immunopathological components	444	(1)
Diagnostic value of autoantibody tests	445	(1)
Treatment of autoimmune disorders	445	(11)
Appendix: Glossary	456	(11)
Index	467