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9780195118766

The Romans From Village to Empire

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780195118766

  • ISBN10:

    0195118766

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2004-07-15
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Summary

How did a single village community in the Italian peninsula eventually become one of the most powerful imperial powers the world has ever known? In The Romans: From Village to Empire, Mary T. Boatwright, Daniel Gargola, and Richard J.A. Talbert explore this question as they guide readersthrough a comprehensive sweep of Roman history, ranging from the prehistoric settlements to the age of Constantine. Vividly written and accessible, The Romans traces Rome's remarkable evolution from village, to monarchy, to republic, and eventually to one-man rule by an emperor whose power at its peak stretched from Scotland to Iraq and the Nile Valley. Firmly grounded in ancient literary and materialsources, the book describes and analyzes major political and military landmarks, from the Punic Wars, to Caesar's conquest of Gaul and his crossing of the Rubicon, to the victory of Octavian over Mark Antony, and to Constantine's adoption of Christianity. It also introduces such captivatingindividuals as Hannibal, Mithridates, Pompey, Cicero, Cleopatra, Augustus, Livia, Nero, Marcus Aurelius, and Shapur. The authors cover issues that still confront modern states worldwide, including warfare, empire building, consensus forging, and political fragmentation. They also integrate glimpsesof many aspects of everyday Roman life and perspective--such as the role of women, literature, entertainment, town-planning, portraiture, and religion--demonstrating how Rome's growth as a state is inseparable from its social and cultural development. Ideal for courses in Roman history and Roman civilization, The Romans is enhanced by almost 100 illustrations, more than 30 maps (most produced by the Ancient World Mapping Center), and 22 textual extracts that provide fascinating cultural observations made by ancient Romans themselves.

Table of Contents

Maps
xv
Figures
xvii
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxv
Notes to the Reader xxvii
Early Italy
Italy and the Mediterranean World
1(3)
The Evidence
4(2)
Italy Before the City
6(1)
The Iron Age in Etruria, Latium, and Campania
7(3)
Greeks and Phoenicians in the Central Mediterranean
9(1)
The Rise of Cities
10(15)
Beginning of Writing
12(1)
Appearance of an Elite
12(4)
Cities and Monumental Architecture
16(4)
Warfare in the Orientalizing and Archaic Periods
20(3)
Social and Economic Organization
23(2)
Greeks and Etruscans
25(7)
Greek Cities of Southern Italy and Sicily
26(2)
Etruscans
28(4)
Rome's First Centuries
Emergence of an Urban Community
32(5)
The Romans and Their Early History
37(3)
Dates of Rome's Kings According to Varro
38(1)
Plutarch, Romulus 11
39(1)
Rome Under the Kings
40(5)
Rome and the Latins
45(3)
The Early Republic
48(10)
Beginning of the Republic
48(3)
Rome and Its Neighbors in the Fifth Century
51(2)
Struggle of the Orders
53(5)
Rome and Italy in the Fourth Century
Fall of Veii and the Sack of Rome
58(1)
The City and Its Institutions in the Fourth Century
59(16)
Officials
60(3)
Senate
63(4)
Assemblies of Citizens
67(2)
Servius Tullius' Creation of the Census (Livy)
69(2)
Roman Assemblies
71(1)
The City, Its Gods, and Its Priests
71(2)
The Roman Games (Dionysius of Halicarnassus)
73(2)
Rome and Central Italy
75(11)
Warfare and the Civic Order
75(2)
Rome in Latium and Campania
77(7)
Samnite Wars
84(2)
Expansion of Roman Hegemony in Italy
86(8)
Wars in Central and Northern Italy
87(1)
Conquest of the South
88(6)
War and the Roman State
94(3)
The Beginnings of a Mediterranean Empire
Sources
97(1)
The Nobility and the City of Rome
98(6)
Triumph of Scipio Africanus (Appian)
101(3)
Wars with Carthage
104(15)
First Punic War (264--241)
105(6)
Second Punic War (218--201)
111(5)
Romans Vow of 217 (Livy)
116(3)
A Mediterranean Empire
119(17)
Governors, Provinces, and Empire
120(3)
Spain
123(4)
Greece and Asia Minor
127(6)
Slave Trade on Delos (Strabo)
133(1)
North Africa
134(2)
Italy and Empire
Senators, Officials, and Citizen Assemblies
136(4)
Italy and the Consequences of Empire
140(13)
Changing Relations Between Rome, Its Municipia, and Allies
141(3)
Roman and Italian Elites
144(2)
Scipio Africanus' Army Loots Carthago Nova (Polybius and Livy)
146(3)
Demographic and Economic Changes
149(4)
Roman Politics from the Mid-Second Century
153(13)
Scipio Aemilianus
154(2)
Tiberius Gracchus
156(2)
The Background to Tiberius Gracchus' Land Proposal (Appian)
158(2)
Gaius Gracchus
160(6)
Italy Threatened, Enfranchised, Divided
War with Jugurtha (112--105)
166(4)
Italy Threatened from the North (113--101)
170(1)
Changes in the Roman Army
171(1)
Marius' Career in Roman Politics
171(2)
Marius' Bid for the Consulship (Sallust)
172(1)
Sixth Consulship of Marius and Second Tribunate of Saturninus (100)
173(3)
Administration of the Provinces
176(3)
Tribunate of Livius Drusus (91)
179(1)
Social War (91--87)
180(3)
Tribunate of Sulpicius Rufus (88)
183(2)
Sulla's First March on Rome (88)
185(2)
Cinna's Rule (87--84)
187(2)
Sulla's Second March on Rome (83--82)
189(4)
The Domination of Sulla and Its Legacy
Sulla's Proscriptions (82--81)
193(1)
Sulla the Dictator and His Program (82--81)
194(6)
Senate
194(3)
Tribunate
197(1)
Equites, Courts
197(1)
Citizens
197(2)
Governors
199(1)
Verdicts on Sulla's Program
200(4)
Cicero's Defense of Sextus Roscius
201(3)
Lepidus' Rising and Its Aftermath (78--77)
204(1)
Challenge from Sertorius in Spain (80--73)
205(2)
Pompey's Letter from Spain (Sallust)
206(1)
Spartacus' Slave Revolt (73--71)
207(1)
Consulship of Crassus and Pompey (70)
208(1)
Roman Women
209(2)
Pompey Frees the Mediterranean of Pirates (67)
211(2)
Threat from King Mithridates VI of Pontus
213(2)
Sulla's Campaign Against Mithridates (87--85)
215(1)
Lucullus' Struggle with Mithridates (74--67)
216(2)
Pompey's Defeat of Mithridates (66--63)
218(1)
Roles of Crassus and Cicero in Rome (65--63)
219(2)
Catiline's Rising (63--62)
221(4)
End of the Republic: Caesar's Dictatorship
Sources
225(1)
Pompey's Return from the East (62)
225(2)
Pompey and Political Stalemate in Rome
227(6)
Partnership of Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar
233(1)
Caesar's First Consulship (59)
234(2)
Clodius' Tribunate (58)
236(2)
Cicero's Recall and the Renewal of the Triumvirate (57--56)
238(1)
Caesar's Campaigns in Gaul (58--51)
239(3)
Death of Clodius and Pompey's Sole Consulship (52)
242(2)
Prospect of Civil War (51--49)
244(2)
Causes and Consequences of Caesar Crossing the Rubicon (January 49)
246(2)
Cicero's Governorship of Cilicia (51--50)
248(3)
Civil War Campaigns (49--45)
251(3)
Caesar's Activity as Dictator (49--44)
254(4)
Caesar's Impact upon the City of Rome
258(3)
Political Prospects for Rome, and for Caesar
261(6)
Augustus and the Transformation of the Roman World
Reactions to the Assassination of Caesar (44--43)
267(4)
Emergence of a Second Triumvirate (43)
271(2)
Battle of Philippi (42)
273(4)
Laudatio Turiae
274(3)
Perusine War (41--40)
277(1)
Elimination of Sextus Pompey and Lepidus (39--36)
278(1)
Antony in the East (42 onwards)
279(5)
Clash Between Antony and Octavian (36--30)
284(4)
Octavian as Sole Ruler (30 Onwards)
288(3)
``The Republic Restored''
291(1)
Second Settlement (23)
292(1)
Latin Literature in the Late Republic and Augustan Age
293(2)
Succession
295(4)
The Julio-Claudian Family
296(3)
Senate and Equites
299(2)
Army
301(3)
The Empire and Its Expansion
304(5)
Oath of Loyalty
304(5)
City of Rome
309(3)
Attitudes Outside Rome
312(1)
Res Gestae of Augustus
313(2)
Augustus: Final Assessment
315(2)
The Early Principate (A.D. 14--69): The Julio-Claudians, the Civil War of 68-69, and Life in the Early Empire
Sources
317(1)
The Julio-Claudian Emperors: Civil Government and Military Concerns
318(2)
Tiberius (14--37)
320(4)
Senatorial Decree Concerning the Elder Gnaeus Piso
323(1)
Gaius (Caligula) (37--41)
324(4)
Claudius (41--54)
328(4)
Claudius' Speech on the Admission of Gauls to the Senate
329(3)
Nero (54--68)
332(3)
Civil War in 68--69
335(2)
Economic and Social Change
337(1)
Army
338(1)
Economy
339(1)
Intellectual Life
340(1)
``Beneficial Ideology''
341(1)
Cities and Provinces
342(3)
Diversity: Women, Local Languages, and Culture
345(2)
Religious Practices and Principles
347(3)
Imperial Cult
350(3)
Institutionalization of the Principate: Military Expansion and Its Limits, the Empire and the Provinces (69--138)
Sources
353(1)
Institutionalization of the Principate
354(3)
Vespasian (69--79)
357(5)
Titus (79--81)
362(1)
Domitian (81--96)
362(2)
A New, Better Era?
364(1)
Nerva (96--98)
365(2)
Trajan (98--117)
367(6)
Hadrian (117--138)
373(6)
The Antonine Family
375(3)
Hadrian Inspects Troops at Lambaesis, Numidia
378(1)
Roman Cities and the Empire's Peoples
379(2)
Theaters and Processions
381(2)
Circuses and Chariot Racing
383(3)
The Amphitheater, and Gladiatorial Games
386(2)
Other Urban Amenities
388(2)
Education
390(1)
State Religion and Imperial Cult
391(2)
Italy and the Provinces: Civil and Military Affairs (138--235)
Sources
393(1)
Antoninus Pius (138--161)
394(1)
Marcus Aurelius (161--180) and Lucius Verus (161--169)
395(10)
A Greek Provincial Praises Roman Citizenship
396(3)
Morbidity and Mortality in the Roman Empire
399(6)
Commodus (176--192, Sole Augustus after 180)
405(1)
Septimius Severus (193--211)
406(7)
The Severan Family
407(2)
Deification Ceremonies for Pertinax in Septimius Severus' Rome
409(4)
Caracalla (198--217, Sole Augustus after 211)
413(1)
Macrinus (217--218)
414(1)
Elagabalus (218--222)
414(1)
Severus Alexander (222--235)
415(1)
Roman Law
416(5)
Roman Citizenship
421(4)
Grant of Roman Citizenship (Tabula Banasitana)
422(3)
Rome and Christianity
425(6)
Pliny, Trajan, and Christians
427(4)
The Third Century, the Dominate, and Constantine
Sources
431(1)
Mid-Third Century
432(5)
Aurelian (270--275)
437(1)
Diocletian, the Tetrarchy, and the Dominate (284--305)
438(9)
The Tetrarchs Introduce their Edict on Maximum Prices
445(2)
Dissolution of the Tetrarchy (305--313), and the Rise of Constantine (306--324)
447(7)
Galerius' Edict of Toleration (Lactantius)
450(4)
Constantine and the Empire
454(5)
Timeline 459(20)
Glossary 479(12)
Principal Ancient Authors 491(8)
Art Credits 499(2)
Index 501(12)
Gazetteer 513

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