Romans

by Toews, John E.

• ISBN13: 9780836192773
• ISBN10: 083619277X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-01
• Publisher: Herald Pr

Summary

This commentary on Romans is a rich gift to the contemporary church, its lay leaders, pastors, and scholars. The eighteenth volume in the Believers Church Bible Commentary Series gives new eyes for readers to see what the central message of Romans really is. Growing out of years of scholarship on Romans, professor John E. Toews presents a provocative reinterpretation of Paul's letter. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Series Foreword	15	(2)
Author's Preface	17	(2)
Introduction to Romans	19	(17)
Why Romans	20	(1)
The Churches in Rome	21	(6)
The Pastoral Context in Rome	27	(1)
The Purpose of Romans	28	(1)
The Perspective of This Commentary	29	(2)
The Over-all Plan of Romans	31	(1)
The Larger Thought World of Romans	32	(3)
The Problem of Language	35	(1)
This Commentary	36	(14)
Introduction, 1:1-15	37	(1)
Prescript, 1:1-7	37	(6)
Thanksgiving, 1:8-12	43	(1)
Disclosure Formula, 1:13-15	44	(1)
The Framing, 1:1-15, 15:14-33	45	(3)
*Gospel	48	(1)
+Gospel	49	(1)
+The Obedience of Faith	49	(1)
The Thesis Statement, 1:16-18	50	(15)
The Thesis, 1:16	51	(3)
The Gospel Reveals the Righteousness of God, 1:17	54	(3)
The Gospel Reveals the Wrath of God, 1:18	57	(2)
*Righteousness	59	(2)
+God is Righteous	61	(1)
+Jesus Defines God's Righteousness	61	(1)
+Righteousness and Ethics are Linked	61	(1)
+Righteousness Concerns Peoplehood	62	(1)
+God's Righteousness Again	63	(1)
+Socio-Political Implication	63	(2)
The Argument of the Letter	65	(2)
The Revelation of the Wrath of God, 1:18-3:20	67	(32)
The Impartial Judgment of God on all Peoples, 1:18-2:11	68	(1)
The Inexcusability of Humanity, 1:19-21	69	(1)
The Just Retribution of God, 1:22-2:3	70	(3)
The Revelation of God's Righteous Judgment, 2:4-5	73	(1)
The Judgment According to Works, 2:6-10	73	(1)
The Conclusion	74	(1)
The Impartiality of God	75	(1)
+Becoming What We Worship	76	(1)
+The Challenge of Homosexuality	77	(2)
+The Impartiality of God	79	(1)
The Equality of Gentiles and Jews Before God's Judgment, 2:12-29	79	(1)
The General Principle-The Equality of Judgment in Relation to the Law, 2:12-13	80	(1)
The First Case of the Gentiles, 2:14-16	81	(1)
The First Case of the Jews, 2:17-24	82	(2)
The Second Case of the Jews, 2:25	84	(1)
The Second Case of the Gentiles, 2:26-27	84	(1)
The General Principle-The Relation of Circumcision and Obedience, 2:28-29	85	(2)
The Objection of the Jews, 3:1-20	87	(1)
The Diatribe, 3:1-9	88	(4)
The Scriptural Warrant, 3:10-18	92	(1)
The Conclusion, 3:19-20	92	(3)
*The Picture of God	95	(1)
*The Family Debate	96	(1)
+The Faithfulness of God	97	(1)
+The Language of Criticism	98	(1)
The Revelation of the Righteousness of God, 3:21-26	99	(15)
The Revelation, 3:21-22a	101	(1)
The Means, 3:22b-25a	102	(1)
The Parenthesis 3:22b-24a	103	(1)
Back to the Main Argument	104	(1)
The Purpose, 3:25b-26	105	(3)
*The "Faith of Jesus" in Paul	108	(3)
*The "Faith of Jesus" in Romans	111	(1)
+The Righteousness of God	112	(1)
+Salvation Effects Change	113	(1)
One God Makes Righteous All People, 3:27-4:25	114	(18)
The Dialogue, 3:27-4:2	116	(3)
The Exposition of Scripture, 4:3-25	119	(7)
*Abraham	126	(3)
+Abraham Is Our Father	129	(1)
+Abraham Faiths God to Do the Impossible	129	(1)
Summarizing the Argument, chs. 1-4	130	(2)
The Meaning of the Revelation of the Righteousness of God, 5:1-8:39	132	(18)
Peace with God, 5:1-11	134	(1)
The Basis, 5:la	135	(1)
The Exhortations, 5:l b-8	136	(3)
The Basis, 5:9a	139	(1)
The Benefits, 5: 9b-11	140	(3)
*Boasting	143	(1)
*Reconciliation	144	(1)
+The Problem of Suffering	145	(1)
+Reframing the Meaning of Christ's Death	146	(1)
+Salvation from Guilt and Shame	146	(3)
+The Politics of Peace	149	(1)
Victory of Christ Over Sin, 5:12-21	150	(18)
Perspectives for Interpreting This Unit	152	(16)
Adam in the First Century	152	(1)
Apocalyptic Theologies of Sin	152	(3)
The Beginning and the End, 5:12 and 21	155	(2)
The Relation of Sin and Law, 5:13-14	157	(1)
The Comparison of Adam and Christ, 5:15-21	158	(5)
*Adam and Christ in 1 Corinthians	163	(2)
+The Preoccupation with Sin	165	(1)
+The Good News	166	(2)
The Death of the Old Humanity, 6:1-7:6	168	(23)
Sin that Grace May Abound, 6:1-11	170	(7)
Exhortations Based on the Thesis, 6:12-14	177	(1)
Practice Sin to Enjoy Grace, 6:15-23	178	(3)
To Those Under the Law, 7:1-6	181	(5)
*Baptism	186	(1)
*Dying and Rising with Christ	187	(2)
+The Problem of Sin in the Church	189	(1)
+The Challenge of Baptism	190	(1)
+A Narrative Spirituality	191	(1)
Victory Over the Flesh/Sin Through Christ and the Spirit, 7:7-8:11	191	(27)
The Meaning of "Law"	194	(1)
The Meaning of the "I"	194	(3)
The Weakness of the Law due to the Flesh/Sin, 7:7-25	197	(8)
The Fulfillment of the Law Through Christ and the Spirit, 8:1-11	205	(7)
*The Story of Galatians 3	212	(2)
+The Glasses of the Past	214	(1)
+A Different Reading	215	(1)
+The Gift of the Law	216	(1)
+The Gift of the Spirit	216	(1)
+The Challenge of Worldviews	217	(1)
Children of God, 8:12-39	218	(19)
The Spirit and Family Relationships, 8:12-17	219	(3)
The Triumph of Glory Over Sufferings, 8:18-30	222	(5)
The Triumph of God in Christ, 8:31-39	227	(4)
*Children of God and the Spirit in Galatians 4	231	(2)
+The New Family of God	233	(1)
+Living in the Spirit	234	(1)
+The Church and Creation	235	(1)
+The Mystery of Suffering	235	(1)
Summarizing the Argument. chs. 1-8	236	(1)
The Faithfulness of God to Jews and Gentiles, 9:1-11:36	237	(6)
The Lament of Paul for Israel, 9:1-5	240	(1)
The Oath, 9:1-2	241	(1)
The Wish, 9:3	241	(1)
The Privileges, 9:4-5	242	(1)
God's Word Has Not Failed, 9:6-29	243	(14)
God's Call, 9:6-13	245	(2)
God's Sovereignty, 9:14-21	247	(3)
God Elects a New People, 9:22-29	250	(3)
*Election and Jewish Identity	253	(1)
+Displacement Theology	254	(1)
+Theology of Predestination	255	(1)
+God's Election of Jewish and Gentile Peoples	255	(1)
+Election Is About God's Love and Mercy	256	(1)
Christ Is the Fulfillment of the Word of God, 9:30-10:21	257	(16)
Israel Pursued the Law and Righteousness Incorrectly, 9:30-10:3	259	(3)
Christ Is the Goal for Jew and Gentile, 10:4-13	262	(5)
The Gospel Is for all Who Hear, 10:14-21	267	(2)
*Leviticus 18	269	(1)
*Deuteronomy 30	270	(1)
+The Church's Historic Grid	271	(1)
+Jesus Fulfills the Law and God's Promises	272	(1)
+Preaching the Good News	273	(1)
+Obedient Hearing	273	(1)
God Has Not Rejected Israel, 11:1-36	273	(22)
The Remnant and the Rest, 11:1-10	275	(2)
The Importance of Israel's Future Salvation, 11:11-24	277	(4)
The Divine Mystery of Salvation for Jews and Gentiles, 11:25-32	281	(4)
Doxology, 11:33-36	285	(1)
*The Prophecies of Isaiah	286	(1)
*Isaiah in Jewish Literature	287	(1)
+Supersessionism	288	(1)
+Two Covenant Theology	288	(1)
+The Rejection of Anti-Judaism	289	(1)
+The Jewish-Christian Schism and Contemporary Response	290	(1)
Summarizing the Argument, chs. 9-11	291	(4)
The Living Sacrifice of the Righteous Community, 12:1-15:13	295	(7)
The Living Sacrifice, 12:1-2	297	(5)
The Renewal of the Mind, 12:3-16	302	(8)
The Frame, 12:3 and 16	302	(1)
To Live as the Body of Christ, 12:4-8	303	(1)
To Love without Hypocrisy, 12:9-15	304	(2)
*Importance of Renewed Mind	306	(2)
*Common Mind	308	(1)
+A Radical and Concrete Ethic	308	(1)
+A New Value System	309	(1)
Repay Only the Good, 12:17-13:10	310	(17)
Do Not Repay Evil but Overcome Evil with Good, 12:17-21	311	(2)
Be Subject to the Governing Authorities, 13:1-7	313	(6)
Be Obligated to No One Except to Love, 13:8-10	319	(1)
*Non-retaliation	320	(1)
*Submission to the Authorities	321	(3)
+Living Nonviolently	324	(1)
+Church and State	324	(1)
+Faithful to God and Subject to Government	325	(2)
The Renewal of the Mind, 13:11-14	327	(5)
The Reason: Knowing the Opportune Time, 13:11-12a	327	(1)
The Imperatives, 13:12b-14	328	(3)
*Baptism as Enlistment	331	(1)
*Call to Faithfulness	331	(1)
Welcome Differences, 14:1-15:13	332	(18)
Welcome the Weak One, 14:1-12	334	(2)
Do Not Judge One Another, 14:13-23	336	(3)
The Strong Bear the Weak, 15:1-6	339	(1)
Welcome One Another, 15:7-13	340	(5)
*Clean or Unclean?	345	(1)
*Food and Community	346	(1)
+Boundary Maintenance	347	(1)
+Rebuilding the Center	347	(1)
+Criteria for Inclusion	347	(1)
+The Politics of Paul	348	(2)
Conclusion, 15:14-16:27	350	(15)
Paul's Mission, 15:14-21	351	(2)
Paul's Plans, 15:22-29	353	(2)
Paul's Request for Prayer, 15:30-32	355	(1)
Letter Closing, 15:33-16:27	356	(9)
The Theology of Romans	365	(4)
Essays	369	(48)
Chiasmus	369	(1)
Identity of Chrestus	370	(1)
Death in Romans	371	(2)
Death/Baptism as Ritual Events	373	(1)
Diatribe	374	(1)
Faith in Romans	375	(4)
Flesh in Romans	379	(3)
Grace in Romans	382	(1)
Homosexuality	383	(2)
Honor-Shame	385	(1)
Inclusio	386	(1)
Into/With Christ	386	(3)
Law in Romans	389	(5)
Letter Form	394	(1)
Living in the Spirit	395	(2)
Natural Theology	397	(1)
Obedience	398	(1)
Original Sin	398	(2)
Righteousness	400	(5)
The Righteousness of God	405	(3)
Salvation-Judgment by Works	408	(1)
Sin in Romans	409	(2)
Universalism	411	(2)
Works of the Law	413	(2)
Wrath	415	(2)
Outline of Romans	417	(4)
Map of New Testament World	421	(2)
Bibliography	423	(29)
Index of Ancient Sources	452	(11)
The Author	463