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9780415308632

Rousseau

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780415308632

  • ISBN10:

    0415308631

  • Format: Nonspecific Binding
  • Copyright: 2003-07-29
  • Publisher: Routledge

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Summary

Timothy O'Hagan investigates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings concerning the formation of humanity, of the individual and of the citizen in his three master works: theDiscourse on the Origin of Inequality among Men,Emileand theSocial Contract. He explores Rousseau's reflections on the sexes, language and religion. O'Hagan gives Rousseau's arguments a close and sympathetic reading. He writes as a philosopher, not a historian, yet he never loses sight of the cultural context of Rousseau's work.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
Introduction. Rousseau: the life and the work 1(10)
(A) Geneva: an eccentric upbringing (1712-28)
1(1)
(B) Savoy and France: discovery and loss of love (1728-42)
2(1)
(C) Paris, with Venetian interlude: formation of a writer, subverting the Enlightenment 'from within' (1742-55)
2(2)
(D) Montmorency, Montlouis: the maturing of a genius (1756-62)
4(1)
(E) Switzerland, England, France: years of exile (1762-70)
5(2)
(F) Return to Paris: a life withdrawn (1770-8)
7(1)
(G) Sickness and solitude
8(1)
(H) The three axes of Rousseau's thought
9(1)
(I) Hume's generous judgment
10(1)
I Rousseau's divided thought: the morality of the senses and the morality of duty 11(22)
(A) Two themes in tension
11(4)
(B) 'Man is a naturally good creature'
15(1)
(C) 'That great maxim of morality'
16(1)
(D) Contradiction
17(1)
(E) Imagination and amour-propre
17(1)
(F) Three strategies of identification
18(3)
(G) Julie's 'Elysium': dialectic of nature and art
21(1)
(H) The perils of manipulation and bad faith
22(3)
(I) 'Virtue is a state of war'
25(3)
(J) The fate of the morality of the senses
28(1)
(K) Romanticism and reason: two perspectives on the morality of the senses
29(4)
II The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality Among Men 33(26)
(A) Time and 'the sciences of man'
34(6)
(B) 'Nascent man' in the 'pure state of nature'
40(9)
(C) Emergence from nature via the 'combination of several extraneous causes'
49(4)
(D) Civil society, the specious contract and despotism
53(4)
(E) Finale
57(2)
III The Emile 59(28)
(A) Introduction, Rousseau's judgment on the Emile
59(2)
(B) The form of the treatise/novel
61(1)
(C) Natural and social
61(4)
(D) Negative education and the art of timing
65(3)
(E) Reason and reasoning
68(5)
(F) Reason: the method and the goal. Drawing and geometry
73(2)
(G) Reason: the method and the goal. Physics
75(1)
(H) Physics and morality: tricks with the conjuror
76(1)
(I) Stoicism: reining in the imagination, closing the gap between desires and reality
77(3)
(J) An education for autonomy. Stages of autonomy and authority
80(3)
(K) Freedom, judgment, knowledge
83(4)
IV The Social Contract: principles of right 87(22)
(A) Introduction: the Social Contract, an uncompleted fragment
87(3)
(B) Right and fact
90(1)
(C) Nature and convention
91(3)
(D) Errors of the predecessors
94(2)
(E) The legitimate contract: free-riders and the 'remarkable change in man'
96(5)
(F) Interests and rationality
101(1)
(G) Legitimacy and property
102(7)
V The empire of the laws: the general will and totalitarianism 109(24)
(A) The empire of the laws
109(2)
(B) Total alienation: the contractual basis of absolutism
111(3)
(C) Conditions of emergence of the general will: no major inequalities, no factions
114(4)
(D) No factions: Rousseau's anxiety concerning pluralism
118(2)
(E) Voting procedures to guarantee the emergence of the general will
120(2)
(F) Legal voluntarism
122(4)
Appendix I: Internal and external sanctions: the voice of conscience and the free-rider
126(3)
Appendix II: Interests, free-riders and the general will
129(1)
Appendix III: 'Conventions' and 'contracts'
130(3)
VI The Social Contract: maxims of politics 133(29)
(A) The people
133(2)
(B) 'Institutional systems'
135(1)
(C) 'The form of government'
136(16)
(D) Maxims drawn from history: the inference from the existent to the possible
152(3)
(E) Moeurs: laws 'engraved in the hearts of the citizens'
155(2)
(F) Cosmopolitanism and 'the little platoon'
157(5)
VII Amour-propre 162(18)
(A) The genesis of amour-propre
163(3)
(B) Amour-propre as the key to socialization: the Emile
166(5)
(C) Amour-propre: positive pole
171(2)
(D) Amour-propre: negative pole
173(2)
(E) From positive to negative: the mechanism of degeneration
175(3)
(F) Amour-propre, self-esteem, pride and vanity
178(1)
(G) Towards an anarchic egalitarianism?
179(1)
VIII Men and women 180(22)
(A) An anthropology of identity: the Second Discourse
181(5)
(B) A politics of difference: the Third Discourse
186(2)
(C) A culture of difference: the Letter to d'Alembert
188(3)
(D) A psychology of difference: the Emile
191(2)
(E) An education for difference: 'Sophie, ou de la femme'
193(7)
(F) The natural and the social
200(2)
IX Language 202(19)
(A) The search for origins in history and psychology
202(5)
(B) From passive to active: linearity and 'l'arbitraire du signe'
207(2)
(C) The origin of languages: two dilemmas
209(2)
(D) 'Le génie des langues'
211(2)
(E) The development of language
213(2)
(F) Language and liberation: two dénouements
215(4)
(G) Rousseau's position in the history of linguistics
219(2)
X Religion and politics 221(14)
(A) Introduction. Social Contract IV 8 'On civil religion'
221(1)
(B) Historical sketch
222(1)
(C) Abstract typology
223(3)
(D) Normative programme
226(1)
(E) The problem of toleration
227(8)
XI Negative theology: revealed religion criticized 235(15)
(A) Rousseau's religiosity
235(2)
(B) Rousseau and the Vicar
237(1)
(C) The critique of revelation: scripture and interpretation
238(3)
(D) No original sin
241(4)
(E) No personal providence
245(2)
(F) No miracles. Prayer as rational communication, not entreaty
247(3)
XII Positive theology: natural religion defended 250(21)
(A) Article I: 'A will moves the universe'
250(2)
(B) Article II: 'Matter moved according to certain laws shows me an intelligence'. Rousseau vs. Diderot
252(6)
(C) Article III: 'Man is ... free in his actions and as such is animated by an immaterial substance'
258(4)
(D) Religion and morality
262(3)
(E) Religion, order and 'seeing as'
265(4)
Appendix: Rousseau and Kant
269(2)
Concluding Reflections 271(2)
Notes 273(26)
Bibliography and Reference Conventions 299(10)
Index 309

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