School and Society : Historical and Contemporary Perspectives with PowerWeb and Timeline

by Tozer, Steven; Senese, Guy B.; Violas, Paul C.

• ISBN13: 9780072985566
• ISBN10: 0072985569
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-07-11
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

Through the use of a consistent analytic framework, this text shows how and why certain school-society issues first arose in this country and how they have changed over time. Introduced and explained in detail in the first chapter, the text's analytic framework focuses on the political economy, the dominant ideology, and existing educational practices that are prevalent in any given historical era. Readings at the end of each chapter are designed for the student to critique using the same analytic framework that the authors employ in the text. In its examination of the evolution of education in the United States, this book tells an engaging historical story.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiv
Part One Educational Aims in Historical Perspective	1	(254)
Introduction: Understanding School and Society	2	(20)
Introduction: Conducting Inquiry into School and Society	4	(1)
The Place of Social Foundations in Teacher Education	4	(2)
The Meaning of Democracy in Educational Practice	5	(1)
Education of Diverse Students	5	(1)
Tools of Inquiry	6	(4)
Social Theory	6	(1)
Schooling	7	(1)
Training	7	(1)
Education	8	(1)
Political Economy	9	(1)
Ideology	9	(1)
Analytic Framework	10	(1)
Applying the Terms of Inquiry: An Illustration from History	11	(4)
Schooling and Culture in Classical Greece	11	(4)
Building a Philosophy of Education	15	(2)
Primary Source Reading: The Politics of Aristotle	17	(3)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	20	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	20	(1)
Online Resources	20	(2)
Liberty and Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal	22	(30)
Introduction: Why Jefferson?	24	(1)
Political Economy of the Jeffersonian Era	25	(3)
Geography, Transportation, and Communication	25	(2)
Early American Governance	27	(1)
Ideology of the Jeffersonian Era	28	(10)
The Breakdown of Feudalism	28	(1)
The Classical Roots of Liberal Ideology	29	(4)
Jefferson as Classical Liberal	33	(1)
Jefferson and Intellectual Freedom	34	(1)
Jefferson, Democracy, and Education	35	(1)
Government by a ``Natural Aristocracy''	36	(2)
Jefferson's Plan for Popular Education	38	(7)
Elementary School Districts	38	(2)
Grammar Schools	40	(1)
University Education	40	(1)
Self-Education	40	(2)
Educational Method and ``Faculty Psychology''	42	(1)
Jefferson's Views on Slavery, Native Americans, and Women	43	(2)
Building a Philosophy of Education	45	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Thoughts Upon the Mode of Education Proper in a Republic	47	(3)
Remembering Slavery	50	(1)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	51	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	51	(1)
Online Resources	51	(1)
School as a Public Institution: The Common--School Era	52	(34)
Introduction: Schooling in New England	54	(1)
Political Economy of the Common-School Era	55	(3)
Demographic Changes	55	(1)
Political Developments	56	(1)
Economic Developments	57	(1)
Ideology and Religion	58	(3)
Consolidation of Classical Liberalism	59	(2)
Horace Mann: An Exemplar of Reform	61	(2)
Early Life	61	(1)
Mann's Political Career	61	(2)
Mann and the Common Schools	63	(15)
School Buildings	64	(1)
Moral Values	65	(2)
Lessons from the Prussian School System	67	(2)
School Discipline	69	(1)
The Quality of Teachers	70	(3)
The Economic Value of Schooling	73	(2)
Opposition to Mann's Common-School Reforms	75	(1)
Accounting for the Success of the Common-School Reforms	76	(1)
Lessons from Horace Mann's Common-School Reforms	77	(1)
Building a Philosophy of Education	78	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Decentralization: Alternative to Bureaucracy?	80	(4)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	84	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	84	(1)
Online Resources	84	(2)
Social Diversity and Differentiated Schooling: The Progressive Era	86	(42)
Introduction: ``Traditional'' versus ``Progressive'' Education	88	(1)
The Political Economy of the Progressive Era	89	(15)
Urbanization	89	(1)
Immigration	90	(3)
Industrialization	93	(4)
Worker Responses to Industrial Management	97	(7)
New Liberal Ideology	104	(5)
Natural Law	104	(1)
Scientific Rationality	104	(1)
From Virtue to Rational Ethics	105	(1)
Progress	105	(1)
Nationalism	106	(1)
Freedom	106	(3)
Progressive Education	109	(1)
Two Strands of Progressivism: Developmental Democracy and Social Efficiency	109	(1)
Deweyan Developmental Democracy	110	(9)
The Nature of the Child	111	(1)
A Unique Meaning for Progressive Education	112	(2)
Charles W. Eliot and Social Efficiency	114	(5)
Building a Philosophy of Education	119	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Education and Social Change	121	(5)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	126	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	126	(1)
Online Resources	126	(2)
Diversity and Equity: Schooling Girls and Women	128	(32)
Introduction: Why a Separate Chapter on Females?	130	(1)
Ideological Origins in Early Christianity	131	(1)
Gender and Education in Colonial America	132	(4)
Private Schools	134	(1)
The Revolution and the Cult of Domesticity	134	(2)
Competing Ideological Perspectives in the Nineteenth Century	136	(2)
The Conservative and Liberal Positions	136	(2)
The Radical Position	138	(1)
Catherine Beecher: The Liberal Education of the Homemaker	138	(2)
Ideology and Life: Emma Willard	140	(4)
A New Vision for Women's Education	140	(2)
The Troy Female Seminary	142	(2)
Anna Julia Cooper	144	(1)
Higher Education for Women	144	(4)
Academies	144	(1)
Normal Schools	145	(1)
High Schools	145	(2)
Colleges	147	(1)
Women and Vocational Education	148	(4)
Domestic Science Training	148	(3)
Commercial Education	151	(1)
Building a Philosophy of Education	152	(1)
Primary Source Reading: Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions	153	(2)
Primary Source Reading: The Education of the Girl	155	(4)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	159	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	159	(1)
Online Resources	159	(1)
Diversity and Equity: Schooling and African-Americans	160	(36)
Introduction: Common Schools in the South	162	(1)
Political--Economic Dimensions of Reconstruction and Redemption	162	(2)
Redemption	163	(1)
Reconstruction, Redemption, and African-American Schooling	164	(8)
Schooling in the Black Belt	165	(7)
Booker T. Washington's Career	172	(3)
Washington and Schooling in the Black Belt	173	(2)
An Ideology of African-American Inferiority	175	(7)
A Liberal Justification for Racial Oppression: Darwinian Evolution	176	(1)
Avoiding the Issue of Political Power	177	(1)
A Liberal Faith: Social Progress through the Marketplace	178	(2)
The Washington Solution	180	(2)
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois	182	(3)
Building a Philosophy of Education	185	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Atlanta Exposition Address of 1895	187	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others	189	(5)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	194	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	194	(1)
Online Resources	195	(1)
Diversity and Equity: Schooling and American Indians	196	(30)
Introduction: Assimilation through Scientific Management	198	(2)
Pluralism versus Assimilationism	199	(1)
Political--Economic Foundations of Indian Schooling	200	(4)
A World before Europeans	200	(1)
The Ambiguous and Paradoxical	201	(1)
Treaties and the ``Trust Relationship''	202	(2)
Ideology	204	(1)
Traditional Knowledge versus Science and Progress	204	(1)
Schooling the Native American	205	(11)
Social Education, from Land Allotment to Boarding Schools	206	(1)
The Progressive Reform Movement	206	(1)
Scientific Management and Educational Reform	207	(1)
``Progressive'' Indian Education: Early Years	208	(1)
The Influence of John Collier	209	(1)
Collier's Early Career	209	(2)
Collier as Commissioner of Indian Affairs	211	(1)
Willard Walcott Beatty: Progressive Education for Native Americans	212	(3)
Schooling and Assimilation of the Indian Child	215	(1)
Afterword: The Case of the Navajo	216	(1)
Building a Philosophy of Education	217	(1)
Primary Source Reading: The Hopi Way (1944)	218	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Statements by Three American Indian Educators	220	(4)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	224	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	224	(1)
Online Resources	225	(1)
National School Reform: The Early Cold War Era	226	(29)
Introduction: The Best and Brightest . . .	228	(1)
Political Economy and Ideology of the Early Cold War Era	229	(4)
U.S. Fear of Soviet Communism	229	(2)
New Liberal Ideology in the Cold War Era	231	(2)
James Bryant Conant	233	(14)
Standardized Testing and Student Selection	234	(1)
Who Merits a College Education?	235	(2)
School Reform Reports and Social Stratification	237	(1)
Education in a Divided World	238	(1)
School Reform in the Postwar Era	239	(2)
The Great Talent Hunt	241	(3)
Slums and Subversives	244	(3)
Building a Philosophy of Education	247	(3)
Primary Source Reading: Excerpts from ``Education for All''	250	(3)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	253	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	253	(1)
Online Resources	253	(2)
Part Two Educational Aims in Contemporary Society	255
Liberty and Literacy Today: Contemporary Perspectives	256	(36)
Introduction: Revisiting Literacy	258	(1)
A Brief Historical Perspective	259	(1)
Literacy and Power: Literacy as a Social Construction	260	(4)
Hegemony Theory: Literacy and Ideology	261	(2)
Mass Media and Cultural Hegemony	263	(1)
The Paradox of Media Property Rights and Public Information Rights: The Case of GE	264	(2)
Communications Technologies: From Jefferson's ``Free Marketplace of Ideas'' to the ``Information Marketplace''	266	(2)
Schooling and Cultural Hegemony	268	(4)
Contemporary Perspective on Literacy: Conventional Literacy	272	(1)
Functional Literacy	273	(2)
Limitations of the Functional Literacy Perspective	274	(1)
Cultural Literacy: Transformation or Conservation?	275	(5)
Cultural Literacy: Whose Interests Are Served?	276	(4)
Critical Literacy	280	(5)
Critical Literacy Method	281	(4)
Building a Philosophy of Education	285	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Why Johnny Can't Think	287	(3)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	290	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	291	(1)
Online Resources	291	(1)
Teaching in a Public Institution: The Professionalization Movement	292	(32)
Introduction: Remembering Horace Mann	294	(1)
Professionalization of Teaching: Historical Perspective	295	(2)
Common-School Reform	295	(1)
Progressive Era Reform	296	(1)
Conant Era Reform	297	(1)
Professionalism and Contemporary School Reform	297	(6)
Comparing Teaching to Other Professions	298	(1)
Professionalism and Modern Liberal Ideology	299	(1)
Traditional Criteria for the Professions	299	(1)
Professionalization and Teacher Preparation	300	(1)
Teacher Preparation and Career Ladders	301	(2)
Teaching as a Public Profession	303	(6)
Teaching ``Job'' versus Teaching Profession: The Issue of Professional Control	303	(1)
Political-Economic Dimensions of Teaching as a Public Profession	304	(5)
Public Control versus Professional Autonomy and Academic Freedom	309	(6)
The Limitations on Teacher Decision Making	309	(2)
Who Controls the Schools? Who Should?	311	(1)
Statutory Control Structure	312	(2)
Who Controls the Schools? Extralegal Influences	314	(1)
Professional Satisfaction and Professional Ethics	315	(4)
Charter Schools: Decoupling Teaching and Professionalism?	318	(1)
Democratic Ethics and the Profession of Teaching	318	(1)
Building a Philosophy of Education	319	(1)
Primary Source Reading: The New Teacher Book: How to Teach Controversial Content and Not Get Fired	320	(3)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	323	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	323	(1)
Online Resources	323	(1)
Social Diversity and Differentiated Schooling Today: Vocational and Liberal Ideals	324	(32)
Introduction: The Purposes of Schooling	326	(1)
Vocational Education in Historical Perspective	327	(6)
Prior to Perkins: Vocational Education in the 1970s and 1980s	329	(1)
The Decline of Enrollment in Vocational Programs	329	(3)
The Perkins Act Amendments of 1990 and 1998	332	(1)
The Future of the Workplace	333	(3)
Future Jobs	333	(1)
Educating for the Workplace	333	(2)
Income and Benefits	335	(1)
Vocational Education as a Teaching Method	336	(4)
The Meaning of a Liberal Education	340	(7)
Historical Perspectives	340	(2)
Liberal Education in America	342	(5)
Building a Philosophy of Education	347	(1)
Primary Source Reading: Is High School Career and Technical Education Obsolete?	348	(7)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	355	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	355	(1)
Online Resources	355	(1)
Diversity and Equity Today: Defining the Challenge	356	(40)
Introduction: Inequity and Inequality	358	(1)
Liberal Ideology: Meritocracy Reexamined	359	(3)
Social Conditions behind the New Debate	359	(2)
The Coleman Report	361	(1)
The Cultural Deprivation Studies	361	(1)
The Political-Economic Context	362	(12)
The Demographics of Modern American Society	362	(2)
Race, Ethnicity, and the Limits of Language	364	(6)
Gender	370	(2)
Socioeconomic Class	372	(2)
Education: Ethnicity, Gender, and Class	374	(14)
Race, Ethnicity, and Education	374	(6)
Socioeconomic Class and Education	380	(2)
Equity, Education, and Handicapping Conditions	382	(1)
Gender and Education	383	(1)
Societal Definitions of Gender	383	(5)
Building a Philosophy of Education	388	(3)
Primary Source Reading: Introduction to How the Irish Became White	391	(1)
Primary Source Reading: An Indian Father's Plea	392	(3)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	395	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	395	(1)
Online Resources	395	(1)
Diversity and Equity Today: Meeting the Challenge	396	(40)
Introduction: Does Social Inequality Necessarily Determine Educational Outcomes?	398	(1)
Jane Elliott's Experiment	399	(2)
An Important Note of Caution	401	(1)
Theories of Social Inequality	401	(11)
Genetic Inferiority Theory	401	(2)
Cultural Deficit Theory	403	(1)
Critical Theory	404	(6)
A Useful Digression: Bilingual and ESL Instruction as Bridges to English Proficiency	410	(1)
BEV: Language and Cultural Subordination	410	(2)
Pedagogical Approaches to Pluralism	412	(9)
Gender Theory: An Illustration of Sensitivity to Differences	413	(1)
Multicultural Education and Democratic Pluralism	414	(3)
Programs That Work	417	(4)
Diversity, Equity, and Special Education	421	(1)
Building a Philosophy of Education	422	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Taking Multicultural, Antiracist Education Seriously: An Interview with Educator Enid Lee	424	(3)
Primary Source Reading: Bilingual Education Program Models: A Framework for Understanding	427	(4)
Primary Source Reading: Teaching in Tandem	431	(3)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	434	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	434	(1)
Online Resources	434	(2)
Contemporary School Reform: The Post-Cold War Era	436	(30)
Introduction: Social Changes and School Reform	438	(1)
School Reform in the 1980s, 1990s, and the Turn of the Century	439	(11)
Contemporary School Reform: Its Language and Themes	440	(2)
Schooling as a Response to New Social and Economic Conditions	442	(1)
The New Consensus on Excellence in Education	442	(5)
Restructuring	447	(2)
Changes Brought by the Early Stages of the Contemporary Reform Movement	449	(1)
Contemporary School Reform: A Critical View	450	(5)
The Political-Economic Origins of the Contemporary School Reform Movement	451	(2)
The Ideology of Contemporary School Reform	453	(2)
Current Concerns about School Reform	455	(5)
School Reform Today: New and Continuing Initiatives	455	(1)
School Choice, Vouchers, and Charters	456	(1)
Standards-Based Professional Preparation and Development of Teachers	457	(3)
Building a Philosophy of Education	460	(1)
Primary Source Reading: NCLB Criticism (Thanks Chris Correa)	461	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Some Gaps Count More Than Others	463	(1)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	464	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	464	(1)
Online Resources	464	(2)
The Cultural Contexts of Children and Youth	466
Introduction: The Student's Multiple Cultural Contexts	468	(1)
Three Perspectives on Youth Culture	469	(2)
Educational Significance of Perspectives on Youth Culture	470	(1)
A Low-Income Latino Community as One Cultural Context	471	(4)
Finding 1: The Hope of College Matriculation and the Compensation of Family	472	(1)
Finding 2: Expected and Feared Selves: The Limits of Familial Knowledge	472	(2)
Finding 3: Students' Future Concepts and the School's Limited Influence	474	(1)
Families	475	(6)
Why Does It Matter?	476	(1)
What Constitutes Parental Involvement?	477	(1)
Types of Involvement: Schoolwide and in the Classroom	477	(1)
Epstein's Typology of Involvement	477	(4)
Barriers to Effective Parent-Teacher Collaboration	481	(4)
Practical Concerns: Too Many Students, Not Enough Teacher Know-How	483	(1)
Cultural and Class Barriers	483	(1)
Psychological Expectations and Impediments	484	(1)
The Disconnect from ``Democratic Responsibility''	485	(1)
Knowledge, Skills, and Dispositions of Effective Teachers	485	(1)
Building a Philosophy of Education	486	(1)
Primary Source Reading: The New MTV: Be Afraid	487	(2)
Primary Source Reading: Streets to Schools: African American Youth Culture and the Classroom	489	(4)
Developing Your Professional Vocabulary	493	(1)
Questions for Discussion and Examination	493	(1)
Online Resources	493
Notes
Glossary	1	(1)
Photo Credits	1	(1)
Index	1