The Science of Agriculture: A Biological Approach

by Herren, Ray V.

• ISBN13: 9781401898007
• ISBN10: 1401898009
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-04-19
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This text focuses on the scientific principles of the agricultural industry. Designed for use in high school agriscience courses, the aim of the text is to provide students with a basic understanding of the concepts behind the agricultural industry. Traditionally, high school agriculture texts have concentrated on the ?how? behind the industry. The Science of Agriculture: A Biological Approach, third Edition concentrates more on the ?why? behind the industry. Topics include plant and animal systems, soils, cell functions, genetics, genetic engineering, plant and animal reproduction, entomology, the uses of biotechnology, and careers. The text also includes a thorough examination of the controversy and concerns over the use of genetic engineering, genetically modified organisms, cloning, and their perceived and potential dangers to humans and the environment. Each chapter begins with clearly-stated learning objectives, followed by key terminology. Chapters close with student learning activities intended to extend learning beyond the text material. End-of-chapter test questions, in True/False; Short Answer/Discussion; and Multiple Choice formats help to evaluate students? understnading of the concepts presented in the text.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xv
Dedication	xvii
The Science of Agriculture	1	(28)
American Agriculture	4	(12)
Milestones in Agricultural Research	16	(9)
World Trade	25	(2)
Summary	27	(1)
Chapter 1 Review	27	(2)
Soil: The Source of Life	29	(27)
Soil Origins	32	(4)
Physical Properties of Soils	36	(7)
Soil Horizons	43	(1)
Soil Taxonomy	43	(3)
The Soil Ecosystem	46	(5)
Macroorganisms in the Soil	51	(2)
Summary	53	(1)
Chapter 2 Review	53	(3)
Cells: Agriculture's Building Blocks	56	(19)
Types of Cells	59	(3)
Eukaryotic Cell Components	62	(8)
Cell Reproduction	70	(2)
Summary	72	(1)
Chapter 3 Review	72	(3)
The Science of Genetics	75	(21)
Gene Transfer	80	(3)
Plant Breeding	83	(6)
Animal Breeding	89	(5)
Summary	94	(1)
Chapter 4 Review	94	(2)
Genetic Engineering	96	(23)
Gene Mapping	102	(7)
Societal Concerns	109	(5)
Regulation of Genetic Engineering	114	(2)
Summary	116	(1)
Chapter 5 Review	116	(3)
The Classification of Agricultural Organisms	119	(16)
Scientific Classification	120	(13)
Chapter 6 Review	133	(2)
Plant Systems	135	(22)
Leaves	138	(9)
Stems	147	(4)
Roots	151	(3)
Summary	154	(1)
Chapter 7 Review	155	(2)
Plant Reproduction	157	(26)
Sexual Reproduction	158	(6)
Asexual Propagation	164	(16)
Summary	180	(1)
Chapter 8 Review	180	(3)
Plant Growth	183	(21)
Seed	184	(5)
Growth after Germination	189	(7)
Plant Nutrition	196	(2)
Primary Nutrients	198	(3)
Summary	201	(1)
Chapter 9 Review	202	(2)
Animal Systems	204	(33)
The Skeletal System	205	(8)
The Muscular System	213	(2)
The Digestive System	215	(8)
The Respiratory System	223	(2)
The Circulatory System	225	(3)
The Nervous System	228	(2)
The Endocrine System	230	(4)
Summary	234	(1)
Chapter 10 Review	234	(3)
Animal Reproduction	237	(27)
The Production of Gametes	238	(2)
The Male Reproductive System	240	(3)
The Female Reproductive System	243	(2)
The Mating Process	245	(1)
Fertilization	246	(3)
Artificial Insemination	249	(4)
Embryo Transplant	253	(4)
Cloning	257	(4)
Summary	261	(1)
Chapter 11 Review	261	(3)
Animal Growth	264	(16)
The Growth Process	267	(10)
Summary	277	(1)
Chapter 12 Review	277	(3)
Plant and Animal Diseases	280	(19)
Animal Diseases	282	(5)
Animal Immune Systems	287	(5)
Plant Diseases	292	(4)
Summary	296	(1)
Chapter 13 Review	296	(3)
Weed Science	299	(22)
The Classification of Weeds	302	(1)
Characteristics of Weeds	303	(2)
Imported Weeds	305	(3)
Controlling Weeds	308	(10)
Summary	318	(1)
Chapter 14 Review	318	(3)
Agricultural Entomology	321	(29)
The Scientific Classification of Insects	325	(3)
Characteristics of Insects	328	(2)
Insect Pests	330	(3)
Control of Insect Pests	333	(13)
Summary	346	(1)
Chapter 15 Review	347	(3)
The Science of Forestry	350	(27)
The Natural Forest	355	(4)
The Production of Wood Fiber	359	(15)
Summary	374	(1)
Chapter 16 Review	374	(3)
The Science of Aquaculture	377	(27)
Fish as Agriculture	380	(2)
Food Fish	382	(11)
Water Quality	393	(7)
Summary	400	(1)
Chapter 17 Review	400	(4)
Agriculture and the Environment	404	(26)
Water Pollution	407	(18)
Depletion of Water Reserves	425	(1)
Summary	426	(1)
Chapter 18 Review	426	(4)
A Safe Food Supply	430	(29)
Pesticide and Chemical Residues	432	(6)
Meat Inspection	438	(2)
Hormone and Antibiotic Residues	440	(2)
Preservatives	442	(1)
Fat Content in Food	443	(2)
Labeling of Foods	445	(10)
Summary	455	(1)
Chapter 19 Review	455	(4)
The Science of Food Preservation	459	(23)
Causes of Food Spoilage	460	(5)
Food Preservation	465	(13)
Summary	478	(1)
Chapter 20 Review	478	(4)
The Science of Fiber Production	482	(19)
Cotton	484	(7)
Wool	491	(3)
Silk	494	(2)
Flax	496	(2)
Summary	498	(1)
Chapter 21 Review	498	(3)
Producing Organically Grown Products	501	(24)
The Production Process	511	(7)
Organic Animal Agriculture	518	(1)
Criticisms of Organic Production	519	(3)
Summary	522	(1)
Chapter 22 Review	522	(3)
New Directions in Agriculture	525	(19)
Genetic Engineering	528	(1)
Renewable Resources	529	(2)
Biomass	531	(2)
New Uses for Old Crops	533	(2)
Farming the Ocean	535	(1)
High Tech Engineering and Electronics	535	(3)
Precision Agriculture	538	(1)
Sustainable Agriculture	539	(2)
Summary	541	(1)
Chapter 23 Review	541	(3)
Careers in Agricultural Science	544	(19)
Opportunities in Plant Science	545	(3)
Careers in the Animal Sciences	548	(5)
Careers in Natural Resources	553	(1)
Careers in Food Science	554	(3)
Careers in Social Science	557	(3)
Summary	560	(1)
Chapter 24 Review	560	(3)
The Agriscience Fair	563	(17)
Planning Your Project	568	(9)
Summary	577	(1)
Chapter 25 Review	577	(3)
Laboratory Safety	580	(11)
Preventing Laboratory Accidents	580	(8)
Summary	588	(1)
Chapter 26 Review	588	(3)
Appendix A Developing Career Skills and Habits	591	(6)
Appendix B Plan Supervised Agricultural Experience Programs	597	(8)
Glossary	605	(27)
Index	632