Science and Polity in France

by Gillispie, Charles Coulston

• ISBN13: 9780691118499
• ISBN10: 0691118493
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-06
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Summary

By the end of the eighteenth century, the French dominated the world of science. And although science and politics had little to do with each other directly, there were increasingly frequent intersections. This is a study of those transactions between science and state, knowledge and power--on the eve of the French Revolution. Charles Gillispie explores how the links between science and polity in France were related to governmental reform, modernization of the economy, and professionalization of science and engineering.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
A Note on the Citations	xi
Part One. Institutions
The State and Science	3	(71)
Turgot and His Circle	3	(9)
The Limousin	12	(3)
The Ministry of Turgot	15	(6)
Administrative Reform	21	(12)
Constitutional Reform	33	(17)
Munitions	50	(24)
Science and the State	74	(113)
Classical Institutionalization	74	(7)
The Academy of Science	81	(18)
The Observatory of Paris	99	(31)
The College de Frances	130	(13)
The Jardin des Plantes	143	(44)
Part Two. Professions
Science and Medicine	187	(70)
The Expansion of Science	187	(7)
The Society of Medicine	194	(9)
Surgeons and Apothecaries	203	(9)
The Faculty of Medicine	212	(6)
Police of Public Health	218	(8)
Medical Practice	226	(18)
Sanitation, Prisons, and Hospitals	244	(13)
Scientists and Charlatans	257	(78)
A Medical Quack	257	(4)
Mesmerism	261	(29)
Marat	290	(40)
Demachy	330	(5)
Part Three. Applications
Trades and Agriculture	335	(53)
Science and the Economy	335	(2)
Duhamel and the Description des arts et metiers	337	(19)
Forestry	356	(4)
Agronomy	360	(8)
The Society of Agriculture	368	(20)
Industry and Invention	388	(91)
The State and Industry	388	(2)
State-owned Industry: Sevres and the Gobelins	390	(23)
State-encouraged Industry: Textiles, Mining and Metals, Paper	413	(46)
Invention	459	(20)
Engineering, Civil and Military	479	(70)
The Ecole and Corps des Ponts et Chaussees	479	(19)
The Ecole and Corps des Mines	498	(8)
Military Engineering and Mezieres	506	(43)
Conclusion	549	(4)
Bibliography	553	(26)
Index	579