The Science of Social Vision

by Adams, Reginald B.; Ambady, Nalini; Nakayama, Ken; Shimojo, Shinsuke

• ISBN13: 9780195333176
• ISBN10: 0195333179
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-11-16
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The human visual system is particularly attuned to and remarkably efficient at processing social cues. We can effectively "read" others' mental and emotional states and make snap judgments about their characters and dispositions, simply by watching them. Given what is clearly a close relationship between vision and social interaction, it has become increasingly clear to social psychologists seeking to better understand the functional and neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying social perception that vision plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of social exchange. Likewise, vision scientists have come to appreciate the profound impact people, as social agents, have had on the visual system, acknowledging just how important it is to consider the socially adaptive functions that system evolved to perform. The Science of Social Vision explores the biologically determined to the culturally shaped influences on social vision. Four themes emerge throughout the 25 chapters from leaders in the field. These include: 1) Visually mediated attention moderates complex social interactions and plays a critical role in the development of social cognition; 2) Visual features perceptually determine categorical thinking and have profound downstream consequences including stereotype activation; 3) Perceptual experiences can be directly triggered by visual cues, in which case, visual and social perception are essentially equivalent processes; 4) Social factors exert powerful top-down influences on even low-level visual perception, at some times biasing, while at others fine-tuning perceptual acuity. This book heralds the new field of social vision, and showcases the cutting edge and broadly interdisciplinary research that is currently at its forefront. Together the perspectives drawn from these various fields offer unique insight into the origin, adaptive purpose, and cognitive, cultural, and biological underpinnings of social vision that will help to shape and guide the way we think about and examine social visual perception. The Science of Social Vision will provide a valuable resource for students and scholars across a wide range of fields, including cognitive, developmental, and social psychology, vision science, cognitive neuroscience, social neuroscience, and ethology.

Author Biography

Dr. Reginald B. Adams, Jr., Assistant Professor at The Pennsylvania State University, received his Ph.D. in experimental social psychology from Dartmouth College. Before coming to Penn State, he was awarded a National Research Service Award (NRSA) from the National Institute of Mental Health to train as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard and Tufts Universities. His current research focuses on how multiply perceived nonverbal messages (e.g., emotion, gender, race, and age) combine and interact to form the unified social representations that guide our impressions of and responses to others.

Dr. Nalini Ambady, Professor and Neubauer Faculty Fellow at Tufts University, received her Ph.D. in social psychology from Harvard University and taught at Holy Cross College and Harvard University, where she was the John and Ruth Hazel Associate Professor of the Social Science, before moving to Tufts. She has received several awards for her research including the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers and the AAAS Behavioral Science Research Prize. Her research interests focus on the accuracy of social, emotional, and perceptual judgments, how personal and social identities affect cognition and performance, nonverbal and cross-cultural communication.

Dr. Ken Nakayama, Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, received his Ph.D. in physiological psychology from UCLA. After a postdoctoral fellowship at UC Berkeley and two years teaching in the Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, he spent much of his career at the Smith Kettlewell Eye Institute in San Francisco before moving to Harvard in 1990. He has been interested in almost all aspects of vision, from the processing of image features to social perception.

Dr. Shinsuke Shimojo, Professor in Biology, and Computation and Neural Systems at California Institute of Technology, received his Ph.D. in experimental psychology from MIT. After a postdoctoral fellowship at the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Institute in Sa Francisco, he moved to the University of Tokyo as an associate professor (in 1989), and then took his current position at Caltech. His work has covered a wide range of topics, such as vision, visual development, sensory-motor coordination, crossmodal integration, emotion and implicit aspects of decision making.

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. xi
Introduction: Vision Going Social	p. xv
Theoretical Perspectives on Social Vision
An Ecological Theory of Face Perception	p. 3
The Cognitive Capitalist: Social Benefits of Perceptual Economy	p. 31
Faces, Bodies, Social Vision as Agent Vision, and Social Consciousness	p. 51
Perceiving Through Culture: The Socialized Attention Hypothesis	p. 75
Compound Social Cues in Human Face Processing	p. 90
The Language of the Eyes
Gaze Perception and Visually Mediated Attention	p. 108
Aging Eyes Facing an Emotional World: The Role of Motivated Gaze	p. 133
Gaze and Preference-Orienting Behavior as a Somatic Precursor of Preference Decision	p. 151
Social Vision at Face Value
Facial Attractiveness	p. 164
Why Cosmetics Work	p. 186
Context-Specific Responses to Self-Resembling Faces	p. 204
In the Eyes of the Beholder: How Empathy Influences Emotion Perception	p. 216
Body Language
Thin-Slice Vision	p. 228
Seeing Human Movement as Inherently Social	p. 248
Social Constraints on the Visual Perception of Biological Motion	p. 264
Social Color Vision	p. 278
Social Vision in Context
Mental Control and Visual Illusions: Errors of Action and Construal in Race-Based Weapon Misidentification	p. 295
Afrocentric Facial Features and Stereotyping	p. 306
The Role of Racial Markers in Race Perception and Racial Categorization	p. 321
Aftereffects Reveal That Adaptive Face-Coding Mechanisms Are Selective for Race and Sex	p. 347
The Social Visual Brain
Are People Special? A Brain's Eye View	p. 363
Side Bias: Cerebral Hemispheric Asymmetry in Social Cognition and Emotion Perception	p. 393
Biological Motion and Multisensory Integration: The Role of the Superior Temporal Sulcus	p. 409
Specialized Brain for the Social Vision: Perspectives from Typical and Atypical Development	p. 421
Author Index	p. 445
Subject Index	p. 459
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.