Science and Technology for Army Homeland Security : Report 1

by National Research Council (U. S.) Committee on Army Science and Technology for Homeland Defense

• ISBN13: 9780309087018
• ISBN10: 0309087015
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-01
• Publisher: Natl Academy Pr

Summary

The confluence of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack and the U.S. Armyrs"s historic role to support civil authorities has resulted in substantial new challenges for the Army. To help meet these challenges, the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology requested the National Research Council (NRC) carry out a series of studies on how science and technology could assist the Army prepare for its role in homeland security (HLS). The NRCrs"s Board on Army Science and Technology formed the Committee on Army Science and Technology for Homeland Security to accomplish that assignment. The Committee was asked to review relevant literature and activities, determine areas of emphasis for Army S&T in support of counter terrorism and anti-terrorism, and recommend high-payoff technologies to help the Army fulfill its mission. The Department of Defense Counter-Terrorism Technology Task Force identified four operational areas in reviewing technical proposals for HLS operations: indications and warning; denial and survivability; recovery and consequence management; and attribution and retaliation. The study sponsor asked the Committee to use these four areas as the basis for its assessment of the science and technology (S&T) that will be important for the Armyrs"s HLS role. Overall, the Committee found that: - There is potential for substantial synergy between S&T work carried out by the Army for its HLS responsibilities and the development of the next generation Army, the Objective Force. - The Army National Guard (ARNG) is critical to the success of the Armyrs"s HLS efforts.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary	1	(22)
U.S. Army Role in Homeland and Security	23	(18)
Introduction	23	(1)
Organization of the Army	24	(2)
Organization	24	(1)
Posse Comitatus Act	25	(1)
Homeland Security	26	(9)
Army Homeland Security Operational Framework	26	(3)
The Army's Role	29	(2)
Link to the Objective Force	31	(4)
Research and Development for the Army	35	(1)
Scenarios	36	(2)
Functional Capabilities and Associated Technologies	38	(2)
Summary	40	(1)
References	40	(1)
Indications and Warning Technologies	41	(29)
Introduction	41	(1)
Sensor Technologies	42	(18)
Traditional Imaging Sensors	42	(4)
Chemical Agents	46	(3)
Biological Agents	49	(5)
Nuclear Materials	54	(1)
Conventional Explosives	55	(5)
Cross-Cutting Technologies	60	(6)
Summary	66	(2)
References	68	(2)
Denial and Survivability Technologies	70	(22)
Introduction	70	(1)
Physical Security	71	(2)
Survivable Structures	73	(11)
Blast Mitigation	73	(4)
Technology for Blast Mitigation	77	(2)
Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Threats	79	(1)
Technology Gaps	80	(1)
Current Research and Development Efforts---Leveraging the Army's Contribution	80	(1)
Physical Security Summary	80	(4)
Information Security and Cyber Issues	84	(7)
Range of Threats	85	(1)
Mitigation Technologies	86	(1)
Survivability	87	(4)
Summary	91	(1)
References	91	(1)
Recovery and Consequence Management Technologies	92	(20)
Introduction	92	(1)
New Mission Challenges	93	(2)
Postulated Tasks	93	(2)
Required Technologies and Capabilities	95	(15)
Interoperable Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance System	95	(4)
Rapid Assessment of Physical Damage, Casualties, and Contamination	99	(2)
Force Protection	101	(2)
Treatment of Mass Casualties	103	(4)
Containment and Decontamination of the Effects of Weapons of Mass Destruction	107	(3)
Summary	110	(1)
References	111	(1)
Attribution and Retaliation Technologies	112	(12)
Introduction	112	(1)
Operational Area and the Army Role	112	(1)
Technology Focus Areas	113	(5)
Remote Operations in an Urban Environment	113	(2)
Situational Awareness in Urban Environments	115	(2)
Terrorist Surveillance and Tracking (Rugged Terrain)	117	(1)
General Functionality, Technology, and Priority	118	(5)
References	123	(1)
Committee Observations	124	(12)
References	134	(2)
Complete List of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations	136	(21)
APPENDIXES
A Biographical Sketches of Committee Members	145	(7)
B Committee Meetings	152	(3)
C Criteria for Technology Readiness Levels	155	(2)
D Federal Response Plan Responsibilities	157