Foreword | |
Preface | |
Acknowledgments | |
Introduction | |
Philosophy | |
A Way of Thinking | |
The Role of Inherently Safer Design Concepts in Process Risk Management | |
When Do We Consider Inherently Safer Options? | |
Inherent Safety Tradeoffs | |
Resolving Inherent Safety Issues | |
Inherently Safer Design Strategies | |
Summary | |
Inherently Safer Design Strategies | |
MinimizeReactors.Reactive Distillation | |
Storage and Material transfer | |
Other Examples | |
Substitute | |
Reaction Chemistry | |
Solvents | |
Moderate | |
Dilution | |
Refrigeration | |
Less Severe Process Conditions | |
Secondary Containment-Dikes and Containment Building | |
Simplicity | |
Containment within Process Equipment | |
Liquid Transfer | |
Reactor Geometry | |
Fail Safe Valves | |
Distributed Control Systems | |
Separation of Process Steps | |
Summary | |
Life Cycle Stages | |
General Principles across All Life Cycle Stages | |
Research | |
Inherently Safer Synthesis | |
Types of Hazards and Hazardous Events | |
Tools for Hazards Identification | |
Alternatives | |
Process Development | |
Risk Ranking Tools | |
Unit Operations-General | |
Unit Operations-Specific | |
Design and Construction | |
Process Design Basis | |
Equipment | |
Process Control | |
Supporting Facilities | |
Other Design Considerations | |
Operations, Maintenance, and Modifications | |
Decommissioning | |
Transportation | |
Location Relative to Raw materials | |
Shipping Conditions | |
Transportation Mode and Route Selection | |
Improves Transportation Containers | |
Administrative Controls | |
Human Factors | |
Overview | |
Operability and Personnel Safety | |
Maintainability | |
Error Prevention | |
Knowledge and Understanding | |
Control Design | |
Error Recovery | |
System Audits | |
Organization Culture | |
Inherent Safety Review Methods and Available Training | |
Inherent Safety Reviews | |
Inherent Safety Review Objectives | |
Inherent Safety Review Timing | |
Inherent Safety Review Team Composition | |
Inherent Safety Review Process Overview | |
Focus of the Different Inherent Safety Review | |
Inherent Safety Review Initiates Project Human Factors/Ergonomics Effort | |
Good Preparation Required for Effective Inherent Safety Reviews | |
Reactive Chemical Screening | |
Time Required for an Inherent Safety Review | |
Inherent Safety Review Training | |
Summary | |
Future Initiatives | |
Dissemination of Inherently Safer Technology | |
Incorporating Inherently Safer Technology into Process Safety Management | |
Encouraging Invention within the Chemical and Chemical Engineering Community | |
Including Inherently Safer Technology into the Education of Chemists and Chemical Engineers | |
Developing Inherently Safer Technology Databases and Libraries | |
Developing Tools to Apply Inherently Safer Technology | |
The Broad View and Life Cycle Cost Of Alternatives | |
Benefits of Reliability Analysis | |
Potential Energy | |
A Table of Distances | |
Quantitative Measures of Inherently Safer Technology | |
Appendix: A Sample Inherently Safer Process Checklist | |
Minimize | |
Substitution/Elimination | |
Moderate | |
Simplify | |
Location/Siting/Transportation | |
References | |
Chapter References | |
Additional Reading | |
Index | |
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