Threats to Springs in a Changing World Science and Policies for Protection

Anthropogenic causes, including climate change, have been degrading springs around the world. Changes in spring water quality and flow impact human health, cultural values, ecology, and livelihoods.

Threats to Springs in a Changing World: Science and Policies for Protection presents a range of international studies illustrating the causes of spring degradation and strategies being used to safeguard springs both now and for the future.

Volume highlights include:

• Examples of threatened springs in diverse hydrogeologic settings
• Innovative methods and tools for understanding the hydrogeology of spring systems
• Current policy and governance approaches for alleviating damage to springs
• Different approaches to management of springs
• A call for practitioners, policy makers, scientists, and the public to work together

The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Matthew J. Currell, RMIT University, Australia.

Brian G. Katz, Environmental Consultant, USA.

List of Contributors vii

Preface xi

Acknowledgment xiii

1 Protecting Springs in a Changing World Through Sound Science and Policy 000
Matthew J. Currell and Brian G. Katz

Part I Threats to Springs and Their Values

2 Assessing Pollution and Depletion of Large Artesian Springs in Florida’s Rapidly Developing Water-Rich Landscape 000
Robert L. Knight and Angeline Meeks

3 Regional Passive Saline Encroachment in Major Springs of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida (1991$en$2020) 000
Rick Copeland, Gary Maddox, and Andy Woeber

4 Karst Spring Processes and Storage Implications in High Elevation, Semiarid Southwestern United States 000
Keegan M. Donovan, Abraham E. Springer, Benjamin W. Tobin, and Roderic A. Parnell

5 Nitrogen Contamination and Acidification of Groundwater Due to Excessive Fertilizer Use for Tea Plantations 000
Hiroyuki Ii

6 Springs of the Southwestern Great Artesian Basin, Australia: Balancing Sustainable Use and Cultural and Environmental Values 000
Gavin M. Mudd and Matthew J. Currell

Part II Methods, Tools, and Techniques to Understand Spring Hydrogeology

7 Environmental Tracers to Study the Origin and Timescales of Spring Waters 000
Axel Suckow and Christoph Gerber

8 Assessment of Water Quality and Quantity of Springs at a Pilot-Scale: Applications in Semiarid Mediterranean Areas in Lebanon 000
Joanna Doummar, Marwan Fahs, Michel Aoun,Reda Elghawi, Jihad Othman, Mohamad Alali, and Assaad H. Kassem

9 Uncertainties in Understanding Groundwater Flow and Spring Functioning in Karst 000
Francesco Fiorillo, Mauro Pagnozzi, Rosangela Addesso, Simona Cafaro, Ilenia D’Angeli, Libera Esposito, Guido Leone, Isabella Liso, and Mario Parise

10 The Great Subterranean Spring of Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, and the Potential Impact of Subsurface Urban Heat Islands 000
Greg Brick

Part III Policy and Governance Approaches for the Protection of Springs

11 Community-Based Water Resource Management: Pathway to Rural Water Security in Timor-Leste? 000
Tanja Rosenqvist, George Goddard, Jack Nugent, Nick Brown, Eugenio Lemos, Elsa Ximenes, and Aleixo Santos

12 Setting Benthic Algal Abundance Targets to Protect Florida Spring Ecosystems 000
Robert A. Mattson

13 Protecting Springs in the Southwest Great Artesian Basin, Australia 000
Mark Keppel, Anne Jensen, Melissa Horgan, Aaron Smith, and Simone Stewart

14 Patterns in the Occurrence of Fecal Bacterial Indicators at Public Mineral Springs of Central Victoria (1986$en$2013) 000
Andrew Shugg

15 Summary and Conclusions: Threats to Springs in a Changing World, Science and Policies for Protection 000
Brian G. Katz and Matthew J. Currell

Index 000

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