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9781845930783

Global Development of Organic Agriculture : Challenges and Prospects

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  • ISBN13:

    9781845930783

  • ISBN10:

    1845930789

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2006-07-13
  • Publisher: Cab Intl

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Summary

Modern agriculture and food systems, including organic agriculture, are undergoing a technological and structural modernization and are faced with a growing globalization. Organic agriculture (OA) can be seen as pioneering efforts to create sustainable development based on other principles than mainstream agriculture. There are however large differences between the challenges connected to, on one hand, modern farming and consumption in high-income countries and, on the other, smallholder farmers and resource poor consumers in low-income countries. The point of departure is the increasing globalization and the production and trade of food and fodder and how this influences the role of OA. This book provides an overview of the potential role and challenges of organic agriculture in this global perspective, as seen from different perspectives such as sustainability, food security and fair trade.

Table of Contents

Contributors ix
Preface xi
1. Global trends in agriculture and food systems
1(48)
Marie Trydeman Knudsen, Niels Halberg, Jørgen E. Olesen, John Byrne, Venkatesh Iyer and Noah Toly
Introduction
3(1)
World agriculture — trends and impacts
3(23)
Global trends in organic agriculture
26(15)
Conclusions
41(8)
2. Globalization and sustainable development: a political ecology strategy to realize ecological justice
49(26)
John Byrne, Leigh Glover and Hugo F. Alrøe
Introduction
50(1)
Organic farming and the challenge of sustainability
51(2)
Political ecology as one approach to globalization and sustainable development
53(2)
Commons as the basis of ecological justice
55(8)
Overcoming commodification
63(5)
Putting ecological justice into practice: guidelines for policy
68(3)
Conclusions
71(4)
3. Organic agriculture and ecological justice: ethics and practice
75(38)
Hugo F. Alrøe, John Byrne and Leigh Glover
Introduction
76(3)
Sustainability, globalization and organic agriculture
79(5)
The ethics and justice of ecological justice
84(6)
Challenges for organic agriculture: commodification, externalities and distant trade
90(7)
Putting ecological justice into organic practice
97(11)
Conclusions
108(5)
4. Ecological economics and organic farming
113(22)
Paul Rye Kledal, Chris Kjeldsen, Karen Refsgaard and Peter Söderbaum
Introduction
114(1)
Ecological economics as a trans-disciplinary approach
114(5)
Political economics and the conception of time and scale
119(2)
Farming, production time, nature's time and scale
121(3)
Organic farming: a response to ecological damage caused by growth in scale and shortening of production time
124(2)
The ecological economic perspective and organic farming
126(1)
Frameworks for decision-making
127(3)
Conclusions
130(5)
5. Organic farming in a world of free trade
135(18)
Christian Friis Bach
Introduction
136(1)
The agricultural agenda
136(3)
Trade and the environment
139(10)
Conclusions
149(4)
6. Certified and non-certified organic farming in the developing. world
153(28)
Nicholas Parrott, Jørgen E. Olesen and Henning Høgh-Jensen
Introduction
154(1)
Certified organic farming in the developing world
155(4)
Non-certified organic farming
159(5)
Unlearning from the Northern experience: reconceptualizing the benefits of organic farming from a Southern perspective
164(6)
Livelihoods
170(3)
Questions to guide future studies in organic farming
173(3)
Conclusions
176(5)
7. Possibilities for closing the urban–rural nutrient cycles
181(34)
Karen Refsgaard, Petter D. Jenssen and Jakob Magid
Introduction
182(2)
Recycling nutrients in society – an ecological economics perspective
184(2)
Basic economic, institutional and social aspects of waste handling
186(2)
Quantities of nutrients and organic resources – from household to agricultural systems
188(3)
Ecological handling systems for organic waste and wastewater
191(5)
The cost of the handling system
196(1)
Moral and cultural aspects related to recycling urban waste
197(1)
Health aspects related to recycling urban waste
198(2)
Recycling nutrients from urban waste – global examples
200(8)
Conclusions
208(7)
8. Soil fertility depletion in sub-Saharan Africa: what is the role of organic agriculture?
215(26)
John Pender and Ole Mertz
Introduction
216(2)
Causes of soil fertility depletion in SSA
218(2)
Approaches to restore soil fertility and improve productivity
220(13)
Conclusions
233(8)
9. Sustainable veterinary medical practices in organic farming: a global perspective
241(36)
Mette Vaarst, Stephen Roderick, Denis K. Byarugaba, Sofiec Kobayashi, Chris Rubaire-Akiiki and Hubert J. Karreman
Introduction
243(1)
The potential for organic livestock farming
244(3)
Disease management in organic livestock production
247(1)
The use and risks of antimicrobial drugs
248(6)
Vector-borne diseases and organic livestock farming
254(7)
Disease control issues associated with land use and land tenure
261(3)
Developing organic strategies to enhance animal health and livestock production
264(4)
Moving from an 'organic approach' to 'organic animal production'
268(4)
Conclusions and recommendations
272(5)
10. The impact of organic farming on food security in a regional and global perspective 277(46)
Niels Halberg, Timothy B. Sulser, Henning Høgh-Jensen, Mark W. Rosegrant and Marie Trydeman Knudsen
Introduction
278(3)
Overview of existing food supply and security projections
281(6)
Significant factors determining the effect of OF on food supply and food security
287(14)
Modelling consequences of large scale conversion to OF for food security
301(12)
Discussion
313(3)
Conclusions
316(7)
11. Towards a global research programme for organic food and farming 323(20)
Henrik Egelyng and Henning Høgh-Jensen
Introduction
324(1)
Examining the basis for a global organic programme: institutional analysis
325(4)
The role of – selected – international organizations in promoting organic farming
329(2)
Research as a support tool for developing organic farming and food systems
331(5)
Towards a development-oriented research programme for organic agriculture
336(3)
Conclusions
339(4)
12. Synthesis: prospects for organic agriculture in a global context 343(26)
Niels Halberg, Hugo F. Alrøe and Erik Steen Kristensen
Introduction
344(1)
Three perspectives on the challenges and prospects of organic agriculture
345(2)
How may certified organic farming meet the challenges of the increased globalization of organic food chains?
347(7)
What solutions do certified and non–certified organic agriculture offer to sustainability problems in the global food system?
354(9)
Conclusions
363(6)
Index 369

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