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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 181.Filling the need for a 20-year lag in substantial consideration of the midlatitude ionosphere, this volume focuses on work that takes advantage of GPS and UV imaging from satellites over the past decade, two methods that have profoundly transformed our understanding of this stratum of the atmosphere. Its interdisciplinary content brings together researchers of the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, polar and equatorial ionospheres, and space weather. Modeling and assimilative imaging of the ionosphere and thermosphere show for the first time the complex and global impact of midlatitude ionospheric storms.
The editors invited the leading experts in the following areas to contribute the chapters herein:
These themes were chosen to create a path for understanding the midlatitude ionosphere. They continue to be largely valid and represent a coherent division of the subject matter. They will be critical for understanding space weather during the upcoming solar maximum.This book was inspired by the Chapman Conference of the same name held January 2007.
PrefacePaul M. Kintner Jr ix
Midlatitude Ionospheric Dynamics and Disturbances: IntroductionPaul M. Kintner Jr., Anthea J. Coster, Tim Fuller-Rowell, Anthony J. Mannucci, Michael Mendillo, and Roderick Heelis 1
Section I: Characterization of Midlatitude StormsReview and Overview
Ionospheric Storms at Mid-Latitude: A Short ReviewGerd W. Prölss 9
The Mid-Latitude Trough—RevisitedAlan Rodger 25
Assimilation of Observations With Models to Better Understand Severe Ionospheric Weather at Mid-LatitudesJan J. Sojka, R. W. Schunk, D. C. Thompson, L. Scherliess, and M. David 35
Low- and Middle-Latitude Ionospheric Dynamics Associated With Magnetic StormsR. A. Heelis 51
A Data-Model Comparative Study of Ionospheric Positive Storm Phase in the Midlatitude F RegionG. Lu, L. P. Goncharenko, A. J. Coster, A. D. Richmond, R. G. Roble, N. Aponte, and L. J. Paxton 63
Recent Results
High-Resolution Observations of Subauroral Polarization Stream-Related Field Structures During a Geomagnetic Storm Using Passive RadarMelissa G. Meyer 77
Ionization Dynamics During Storms of the Recent Solar MaximumC. N. Mitchell, P. Yin, P. S. J. Spencer, and D. Pokhotelov 83
Mapping the Time-Varying Distribution of High-Altitude Plasma During StormsG. S. Bust and Geoff Crowley 91
Section II: Electric Field Coupling From the Heliosphere and Inner MagnetosphereReview and Overview
Interplanetary Causes of Middle Latitude Ionospheric DisturbancesBruce T. Tsurutani, Ezequiel Echer, Fernando L. Guarnieri, and Olga P. Verkhoglyadova 99
Ionospheric-Magnetospheric-Heliospheric Coupling: Storm-Time Thermal Plasma RedistributionJohn C. Foster 121
The Linkage Between the Ring Current and the Ionosphere SystemP. C. Brandt, Y. Zheng, T. S. Sotirelis, K. Oksavik, and F. J. Rich 135
Storm Phase Dependence of Penetration of Magnetospheric Electric Fields to Mid and Low LatitudesTakashi Kikuchi, Kumiko K. Hashimoto, and Kenro Nozaki 145
Relating the Interplanetary-Induced Electric Fields With the Low-Latitude Zonal Electric Fields Under Geomagnetically Disturbed ConditionsAdela Anghel, David Anderson, Jorge Chau, Kiyohumi Yumoto, and Archana Bhattacharyya 157
Simulation of PPEF Effects in Dayside Low-Latitude Ionosphere for the October 30, 2003, SuperstormOlga P. Verkhoglyadova, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Anthony J. Mannucci, Akinori Saito, Tohru Araki, David Anderson, M. Abdu, and J. H. A. Sobral 169
Impact of the Neutral Wind Dynamo on the Development of the Region 2 DynamoT. W. Garner, Geoff Crowley, and R. A. Wolf 179
Section III: Thermospheric Control of the Mid-Latitude IonosphereReview and Overview
Global Modeling of Storm-Time Thermospheric Dynamics and ElectrodynamicsT. J. Fuller-Rowell, A. D. Richmond, and N. Maruyama 187
Thermospheric Dynamics at Low and Mid-Latitudes During Magnetic Storm ActivityJ. W. Meriwether 201
Disturbed O/N2 Ratios and Their Transport to Middle and Low LatitudesGeoff Crowley and R. R. Meier 221
Storm Time Energy Budgets of the Global ThermosphereWilliam J. Burke 235
Sources of F-Region Height Changes During Geomagnetic Storms at Mid LatitudesMariangel Fedrizzi, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, Naomi Maruyama, Mihail Codrescu, and Hargobind Khalsa 247
Neutral Composition and Density Effects in the October-November 2003 Magnetic StormsT. J. Immel, Geoff Crowley, J. M. Forbes, R. S. Nerem, and E. K. Sutton 259
Optical and Radio Observations and AMIE/TIEGCM Modeling of Nighttime Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances at Midlatitudes During Geomagnetic StormsK. Shiokawa, T. Tsugawa, Y. Otsuka, T. Ogawa, G. Lu, A. Saito, and M. Yamamoto 271
Section IV: Ionospheric Gradients, Irregularities and User Needs
A Digest of Electrodynamic Coupling and Layer Instabilities in the Nighttime Midlatitude IonosphereRoland T. Tsunoda 283
Irregularities Within Subauroral Polarization Stream-Related Troughs and GPS Radio Interference at MidlatitudesEvgeny Mishin and Natan Blaunstein 291
DEMETER Satellite Observations of Plasma Irregularities in the Topside Ionosphere at Low, Middle, and Sub-Auroral Latitudes and Their Dependence on Magnetic StormsRobert F. Pfaff Jr., Carmen Liebrecht, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Michel Malingre, Michel Parrot, and Jean-Pierre Lebreton 297
Optical and Radio Observations of Structure in the Midlatitude Ionosphere: Midlatitude Ionospheric Dynamics and DisturbancesJonathan J. Makela 311
Section V: Experimental Methods and New Techniques
Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD): New Observing Capabilities for the Ionosphere-ThermosphereR. W. Eastes, W. E. McClintock, M. V. Codrescu, A. Aksnes, D. N. Anderson, L. Andersson, D. N. Baker, A. G. Burns, S. A. Budzien, R. E. Daniell, K. F. Dymond, F. G. Eparvier, J. E. Harvey, T. J. Immel, A. Krywonos, M. R. Lankton, J. D. Lumpe, G. W. Prölss, A. D. Richmond, D. W. Rusch, O. H. Siegmund, S. C. Solomon, D. J. Strickland, and T. N. Woods 319
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