did-you-know? rent-now

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

did-you-know? rent-now

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

We're the #1 textbook rental company. Let us show you why.

9780471473794

Welding Metallurgy and Weldability Of Stainless Steels

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780471473794

  • ISBN10:

    0471473790

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2005-04-01
  • Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

Purchase Benefits

  • Free Shipping Icon Free Shipping On Orders Over $35!
    Your order must be $35 or more to qualify for free economy shipping. Bulk sales, PO's, Marketplace items, eBooks and apparel do not qualify for this offer.
  • eCampus.com Logo Get Rewarded for Ordering Your Textbooks! Enroll Now
  • Write a Review Icon Write a Review
List Price: $218.61 Save up to $54.65
  • Buy Used
    $163.96
    Add to Cart Free Shipping Icon Free Shipping

    USUALLY SHIPS IN 2-4 BUSINESS DAYS

Supplemental Materials

What is included with this book?

Summary

Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, the first book in over twenty years to address welding metallurgy and weldability issues associated with stainless steel, offers the most up-to-date and comprehensive treatment of these topics currently available. The authors emphasize fundamental metallurgical principles governing microstructure evolution and property development of stainless steels, including martensistic, ferric, austenitic, duplex, and precipitation hardening grades. They present a logical and well-organized look at the history, evolution, and primary uses of each stainless steel, including detailed descriptions of the associated weldability issues.

Author Biography

JOHN C. LIPPOLD, PhD, is a professor in the Welding Engineering Program at The Ohio State University and leader of the Welding and Joining Metallurgy Group. A Fellow of both the American Welding Society and ASM International, Dr. Lippold has received numerous awards, including the Charles H. Jennings Memorial Award, the William Spraragen Memorial Award, the Warren F. Savage Memorial Award, the McKay-Helm Award, the A.F. Davis Silver Medal, the James F. Lincoln Gold Medal, the William Irrgang Memorial Award, and the Dr. Comfort A. Adams Lecture Award. <p>DAMIAN J. KOTECKI, PhD, is Technical Director for Stainless and High-Alloy Product Development at Lincoln Electric and Vice President and Fellow of the American Welding Society. His many industry awards include the James F. Lincoln Gold Medal, the William Irrgang Memorial Award, the R.D. Thomas Memorial Award, the R.D. Thomas, Jr. International Lecture Award, the Dr. Comfort A. Adams Lecture Award, and the IIW Thomas Medal.

Table of Contents

PREFACE xv
1 INTRODUCTION
1(7)
1.1 Definition of a Stainless Steel
2(1)
1.2 History of Stainless Steel
2(2)
1.3 Types of Stainless Steel and Their Application
4(1)
1.4 Corrosion Resistance
5(1)
1.5 Production of Stainless Steel
6(1)
References
7(1)
2 PHASE DIAGRAMS
8(11)
2.1 Iron-Chromium System
9(1)
2.2 Iron-Chromium-Carbon System
10(2)
2.3 Iron-Chromium-Nickel System
12(3)
2.4 Phase Diagrams for Specific Alloy Systems
15(3)
References
18(1)
3 ALLOYING ELEMENTS AND CONSTITUTION DIAGRAMS
19(37)
3.1 Alloying Elements in Stainless Steels
19(5)
3.1.1 Chromium
20(1)
3.1.2 Nickel
20(1)
3.1.3 Manganese
21(1)
3.1.4 Silicon
21(1)
3.1.5 Molybdenum
22(1)
3.1.6 Carbide-Forming Elements
22(1)
3.1.7 Precipitation-Hardening Elements
23(1)
3.1.8 Interstitial Elements: Carbon and Nitrogen
23(1)
3.1.9 Other Elements
24(1)
3.2 Ferrite-Promoting Versus Austenite-Promoting Elements
24(1)
3.3 Constitution Diagrams
25(18)
3.3.1 Austenitic-Ferritic Alloy Systems: Early Diagrams and Equivalency Relationships
25(4)
3.3.2 Schaeffler Diagram
29(4)
3.3.3 DeLong Diagram
33(1)
3.3.4 Other Diagrams
34(6)
3.3.5 WRC-1988 and WRC-1992 Diagrams
40(3)
3.4 Austenitic-Martensitic Alloy Systems
43(3)
3.5 Ferritic-Martensitic Alloy Systems
46(4)
3.6 Neural Network Ferrite Prediction
50(2)
References
52(4)
4 MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEELS
56(31)
4.1 Standard Alloys and Consumables
57(2)
4.2 Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy
59(4)
4.3 Welding Metallurgy
63(14)
4.3.1 Fusion Zone
63(4)
4.3.2 Heat-Affected Zone
67(3)
4.3.3 Phase Transformations
70(1)
4.3.4 Postweld Heat Treatment
71(3)
4.3.5 Preheat, Interpass, and Postweld Heat Treatment Guidelines
74(3)
4.4 Mechanical Properties of Weldments
77(1)
4.5 Weldability
77(3)
4.5.1 Solidification and Liquation Cracking
78(1)
4.5.2 Reheat Cracking
78(1)
4.5.3 Hydrogen-Induced Cracking
79(1)
4.6 Supermartensitic Stainless Steels
80(4)
4.7 Case Study: Calculation of Ms Temperatures of Martensitic Stainless Steels
84(2)
References
86(1)
5 FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS
87(54)
5.1 Standard Alloys and Consumables
88(4)
5.2 Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy
92(12)
5.2.1 Effect of Alloying Additions on Microstructure
95(1)
5.2.2 Effect of Martensite
95(1)
5.2.3 Embrittlement Phenomena
96(8)
5.2.3.1 475°C Embrittlement
97(1)
5.2.3.2 Sigma and Chi Phase Embrittlement
97(1)
5.2.3.3 High-Temperature Embrittlement
98(5)
5.2.3.4 Notch Sensitivity
103(1)
5.2.4 Mechanical Properties
104(1)
5.3 Welding Metallurgy
104(10)
5.3.1 Fusion Zone
104(8)
5.3.1.1 Solidification and Transformation Sequence
104(5)
5.3.1.2 Precipitation Behavior
109(2)
5.3.1.3 Microstructure Prediction
111(1)
5.3.2 Heat-Affected Zone
112(1)
5.3.3 Solid-State Welds
113(1)
5.4 Mechanical Properties of Weldments
114(9)
5.4.1 Low-Chromium Alloys
114(2)
5.4.2 Medium-Chromium Alloys
116(3)
5.4.3 High-Chromium Alloys
119(4)
5.5 Weldability
123(3)
5.5.1 Weld Solidification Cracking
123(1)
5.5.2 High-Temperature Embrittlement
124(2)
5.5.3 Hydrogen-Induced Cracking
126(1)
5.6 Corrosion Resistance
126(4)
5.7 Postweld Heat Treatment
130(2)
5.8 Filler Metal Selection
132(1)
5.9 Case Study: HAZ Cracking in Type 436 During Cold Deformation
132(3)
5.10 Case Study: Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in the HAZ of Type 430
135(2)
References
137(4)
6 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS
141(89)
6.1 Standard Alloys and Consumables
143(4)
6.2 Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy
147(4)
6.2.1 Mechanical Properties
149(2)
6.3 Welding Metallurgy
151(17)
6.3.1 Fusion Zone Microstructure Evolution
153(9)
6.3.1.1 Type A: Fully Austenitic Solidification
154(1)
6.3.1.2 Type AF Solidification
155(1)
6.3.1.3 Type FA Solidification
155(3)
6.3.1.4 Type F Solidification
158(4)
6.3.2 Interfaces in Single-Phase Austenitic Weld Metal
162(2)
6.3.2.1 Solidification Subgrain Boundaries
162(1)
6.3.2.2 Solidification Grain Boundaries
163(1)
6.3.2.3 Migrated Grain Boundaries
163(1)
6.3.3 Heat-Affected Zone
164(2)
6.3.3.1 Grain Growth
165(1)
6.3.3.2 Ferrite Formation
165(1)
6.3.3.3 Precipitation
165(1)
6.3.3.4 Grain Boundary Liquation
166(1)
6.3.4 Preheat and Interpass Temperature and Postweld Heat Treatment
166(7)
6.3.4.1 Intermediate-Temperature Embrittlement
167(1)
6.4 Mechanical Properties of Weldments
168(5)
6.5 Weldability
173(27)
6.5.1 Weld Solidification Cracking
173(16)
6.5.1.1 Beneficial Effects of Primary Ferrite Solidification
175(2)
6.5.1.2 Use of Predictive Diagrams
177(2)
6.5.1.3 Effect of Impurity Elements
179(2)
6.5.1.4 Ferrite Measurement
181(1)
6.5.1.5 Effect of Rapid Solidification
182(4)
6.5.1.6 Solidification Cracking Fracture Morphology
186(3)
6.5.1.7 Preventing Weld Solidification Cracking
189(1)
6.5.2 HAZ Liquation Cracking
189(1)
6.5.3 Weld Metal Liquation Cracking
190(4)
6.5.4 Ductility-Dip Cracking
194(2)
6.5.5 Reheat Cracking
196(3)
6.5.6 Copper Contamination Cracking
199(1)
6.5.7 Zinc Contamination Cracking
200(1)
6.5.8 Helium-Induced Cracking
200(1)
6.6 Corrosion Resistance
200(11)
6.6.1 Intergranular Corrosion
201(5)
6.6.1.1 Preventing Sensitization
204(1)
6.6.1.2 Knifeline Attack
205(1)
6.6.1.3 Low-Temperature Sensitization
205(1)
6.6.2 Stress Corrosion Cracking
206(2)
6.6.3 Pitting and Crevice Corrosion
208(1)
6.6.4 Microbiologically Induced Corrosion
208(1)
6.6.5 Selective Ferrite Attack
209(2)
6.7 Specialty Alloys
211(9)
6.7.1 Heat-Resistant Alloys
211(3)
6.7.2 High-Nitrogen Alloys
214(6)
6.8 Case Study: Selecting the Right Filler Metal
220(3)
6.9 Case Study: What's Wrong with My Swimming Pool?
223(1)
6.10 Case Study: Cracking in the Heat-Affected Zone
224(1)
References
225(5)
7 DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS
230(34)
7.1 Standard Alloys and Consumables
231(3)
7.2 Physical Metallurgy
234(3)
7.2.1 Austenite-Ferrite Phase Balance
234(3)
7.2.2 Precipitation Reactions
237(1)
7.3 Mechanical Properties
237(1)
7.4 Welding Metallurgy
238(12)
7.4.1 Solidification Behavior
238(2)
7.4.2 Role of Nitrogen
240(4)
7.4.3 Secondary Austenite
244(2)
7.4.4 Heat-Affected Zone
246(4)
7.5 Controlling the Ferrite-Austenite Balance
250(4)
7.5.1 Heat Input
251(1)
7.5.2 Cooling Rate Effects
251(2)
7.5.3 Ferrite Prediction and Measurement
253(1)
7.6 Weldability
254(5)
7.6.1 Weld Solidification Cracking
254(1)
7.6.2 Hydrogen-Induced Cracking
254(1)
7.6.3 Intermediate-Temperature Enbrittlement
255(6)
7.6.3.1 Alpha-Prime Embrittlement
256(1)
7.6.3.2 Sigma Phase Embrittlement
256(3)
7.7 Weld Mechanical Properties
259(2)
7.8 Corrosion Resistance
261(1)
7.8.1 Stress Corrosion Cracking
261(1)
7.8.2 Pitting Corrosion
261(1)
References
262(2)
8 PRECIPITATION-HARDENING STAINLESS STEELS
264(23)
8.1 Standard Alloys and Consumables
265(2)
8.2 Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy
267(10)
8.2.1 Martensitic Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels
269(5)
8.2.2 Semi-Austenitic Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels
274(2)
8.2.3 Austenitic Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels
276(1)
8.3 Welding Metallurgy
277(2)
8.3.1 Microstructure Evolution
278(1)
8.3.2 Postweld Heat Treatment
278(1)
8.4 Mechanical Properties of Weldments
279(1)
8.5 Weldability
280(5)
8.6 Corrosion Resistance
285(1)
References
285(2)
9 DISSIMILAR WELDING OF STAINLESS STEELS
287(22)
9.1 Applications of Dissimilar Welds
287(1)
9.2 Carbon or Low-Alloy Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel
288(8)
9.2.1 Determining Weld Metal Constitution
288(3)
9.2.2 Fusion Boundary Transition Region
291(3)
9.2.3 Nature of Type II Boundaries
294(2)
9.3 Weldability
296(5)
9.3.1 Solidification Cracking
296(2)
9.3.2 Clad Disbonding
298(1)
9.3.3 Creep Failure in the HAZ of Carbon or Low-Alloy Steel
299(2)
9.4 Other Dissimilar Combinations
301(6)
9.4.1 Nominally Austenitic Alloys Whose Melted Zone Is Expected to Include Some Ferrite or to Solidify as Primary Ferrite
301(1)
9.4.2 Nominally Austenitic Alloys Whose Melted Zone Is Expected to Contain Some Ferrite, Welded to Fully Austenitic Stainless Steel
301(1)
9.4.3 Austenitic Stainless Steel Joined to Duplex Stainless Steel
302(1)
9.4.4 Austenitic Stainless Steel Joined to Ferritic Stainless Steel
302(1)
9.4.5 Austenitic Stainless Steel Joined to Martensitic Stainless Steel
302(1)
9.4.6 Martensitic Stainless Steel Joined to Ferritic Stainless Steel
302(1)
9.4.7 Stainless Steel Filler Metal for Difficult-to-Weld Steels
303(2)
9.4.8 Copper-Base Alloys Joined to Stainless Steels
305(1)
9.4.9 Nickel-Base Alloys Joined to Stainless Steels
306(1)
References
307(2)
10 WELDABILITY TESTING 309(22)
10.1 Introduction
309(2)
10.1.1 Weldability Test Approaches
310(1)
10.1.2 Weldability Test Techniques
310(1)
10.2 Varestraint Test
311(8)
10.2.1 Technique for Quantifying Weld Solidification Cracking
312(4)
10.2.2 Technique for Quantifying HAZ Liquation Cracking
316(3)
10.3 Hot Ductility Test
319(4)
10.4 Fissure Bend Test
323(5)
10.5 Strain-to-Fracture Test
328(1)
10.6 Other Weldability Tests
329(1)
References
329(2)
APPENDIX 1 NOMINAL COMPOSITIONS OF STAINLESS STEELS 331(12)
APPENDIX 2 ETCHING TECHNIQUES FOR STAINLESS STEEL WELDS 343(4)
AUTHOR INDEX 347(6)
SUBJECT INDEX 353

Supplemental Materials

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

Rewards Program