* Uses historical analysis to trace the conjunction of trade, environment, and culture * Features case studies collected by the Trade Environment Database Project Exploring the Gaps observes how the growing tensions between economic, ecological, and social factors threaten the ability to make trade and cultural exchanges work to benefit people and the world around them. Lee's strong argument provides a blueprint to meet the challenges of reintegration at global and local levels.

List of Figures

xi

List of Tables

xiii

Preface

xv

Acknowledgments

xvii

The Conjunction: A Theory Across Ideas, Places, and Times

1

(36)

One Place and Many Places

2

(10)

One Place

2

(4)

Many Places

6

(2)

Today's Tower of Babel

8

(4)

Defining Terms

12

(6)

What Is Culture?

12

(3)

What Is Environment?

15

(2)

What Is Trade?

17

(1)

Cultural Perspectives on the Environment and the Role of Trade

18

(5)

Conjunctions through Time

23

(11)

Anthropological History

26

(3)

Economic History

29

(2)

Social History

31

(3)

Conjunction History

34

(3)

The Convergence of Trade, Environment, and Culture in a Conjunction

37

(52)

The Tool Conjunction

39

(18)

The Social Context

40

(5)

The Overkill Hypothesis

45

(6)

Ivory, Tools, Trade, and Culture

51

(1)

How Mammoth Hunters Became Buffalo Hunters

52

(3)

Perspectives on the Tool Conjunction

55

(2)

The Agricultural Conjunction

57

(17)

The Social Context

59

(4)

Amber Trade

63

(4)

The Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh

67

(3)

The Cedars of Lebanon: Deforestation and Development

70

(3)

Perspectives on the Agricultural Conjunction

73

(1)

The Industrial Conjunction

74

(15)

The Social Context

75

(4)

The Dentalium Currency System

79

(2)

The Irish Potato Famine

81

(4)

The Elgin Marbles

85

(1)

Perspectives on the Industrial Conjunction

86

(3)

Trade, Culture, and Environment in the Electronic Conjunction

89

(60)

The Social Context

90

(8)

Species Cases

98

(25)

Fur and Morals

98

(4)

Bear Wine

102

(5)

Ivory Wars

107

(7)

Turtles and Tradition

114

(4)

Sharkfin Soup

118

(3)

Bats: The Turkey of Guam

121

(2)

Habitats

123

(25)

Electricity and Cree

123

(4)

Bird's Nest Soup

127

(3)

Sugar: Developed Addiction

130

(4)

Pisco

134

(3)

Coral: Deforestation in the Ocean

137

(4)

Mom, Apple Pie, and Hamburger

141

(7)

Perspectives on the Electronic Conjunction

148

(1)

Beyond the Electronic Conjunction

149

(52)

The Electronic Conjunction in Context

149

(7)

Comparing the Tool and Electronic Conjunctions

150

(4)

Themes in the Electronic Conjunction

154

(2)

Approaches to Conjunctions

156

(13)

Making Cultural Law Is Like Making Sausage

157

(2)

Culture, Policy, and Development

159

(4)

Can Cultural Excesses Be Defined?

163

(3)

Cultural Appropriateness

166

(3)

Trade, Environment, and Culture in the Next Trade Round

169

(18)

The Next WTO Round

169

(2)

Unresolved Environmental Issues

171

(5)

New Cultural Initiatives

176

(6)

Spill-over Principles in Trade, Environment, and Culture

182

(5)

After the Next Round

187

(8)

Cultural Feedback as a Limit to Globalization

187

(1)

Future Cases of Trade, Environment, and Culture

188

(3)

The Endless Debate

191

(4)

The Gene Conjunction and Beyond

195

(6)

Notes

201

(22)

Key to Terms

223

(2)

Bibliography

225

(14)

Bibliography of Relevant TED Case Studies

239

(2)

Index

241

(10)

About the Author

251

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