9781583213179

List of Tables	p. ix
List of Figures	p. xiii
Foreword	p. xix
Acknowledgments	p. xxi
Executive Summary	p. xxiii
Introduction - UV Disinfection in Water Treatment	p. 1
Project Impetus and Goals	p. 1
UV Disinfection in Drinking Water Treatment	p. 2
Design of UV Processes	p. 3
Research Approach	p. 5
Long-Term Piloting of UV Disinfection Systems - Pilot Study #1 - Austin, Texas and Orem, Utah	p. 7
Experimental Protocol	p. 7
UV Disinfection Pilot Units	p. 7
Pilot Plant Design	p. 13
Water Quality Sampling Protocol	p. 16
UV Reactor Performance Monitoring	p. 16
Long-Term Piloting Results	p. 19
Water Quality	p. 19
UV Performance Data	p. 25
Summary	p. 51
Long-Term Piloting of UV Disinfection Systems - Pilot Study #2 - Atlanta	p. 53
Experimental Protocol	p. 53
UV Disinfection Pilot Units	p. 53
Pilot Plant Design	p. 55
Water Quality Sampling Protocol	p. 56
UV Reactor Performance Monitoring	p. 56
MS2 Challenge Studies	p. 57
Long-Term Piloting Results	p. 61
Water Quality	p. 61
UV Performance Data	p. 64
Summary	p. 82
Impact of Common Water Treatment Chemicals on UV Disinfection	p. 83
Materials and Methods	p. 83
Impact of Ozone and Alum on the UV Absorption Coefficient	p. 84
Impact of Other Treatment Chemicals on the UV Absorption Coefficient	p. 86
Summary	p. 89
UV Reactor Performance Modeling	p. 91
Introduction	p. 91
Fundamental Concepts	p. 91
Intensity	p. 91
Microorganism Reduction	p. 92
UV Dose	p. 93
CFD Simulation Test Case	p. 93
Geometry and Operating Conditions	p. 94
CFD Code and Modeling Approach	p. 94
Results	p. 96
Experimental Trials and Validation	p. 100
Experimental Pilot Unit Description	p. 100
Experimental Trials	p. 101
Numerical Results (CFD Simulation)	p. 102
Summary	p. 105
A State Perspective on the Acceptance of UV Technology for Drinking Water Disinfection	p. 107
Current Status of Acceptance of UV Technology for Drinking Water Disinfection	p. 107
Feasibility of UV Disinfection	p. 108
General Issues Concerning the use of UV Technology in Drinking Water
Disinfection	p. 108
Engineering and Design	p. 109
Standardization of UV Technology	p. 109
Installation Design	p. 110
Operations	p. 110
Modifying Existing State Regulations	p. 111
Summary and Recommendations	p. 112
Case Studies: Effect of Water Quality on UV System Validation and Development of Conceptual Designs and Costs	p. 115
Installation of UV Disinfection Downstream of Filtration	p. 115
Introduction	p. 115
Goals of UV Disinfection	p. 116
UV Disinfection Criteria	p. 116
UV Disinfection System Equipment	p. 119
Preliminary Design	p. 121
Preliminary Capital and O&M Cost Estimates	p. 130
Conclusions	p. 133
Installation of UV Disinfection Downstream of the Clearwell	p. 133
Introduction	p. 133
Goals of UV Disinfection	p. 134
UV Disinfection Criteria	p. 134
UV Disinfection System Equipment	p. 136
Preliminary Design	p. 139
Preliminary Capital and O&M Cost Estimates	p. 146
Conclusions	p. 147
Effect of UV System Inlet Conditions on UV Dose Delivery	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
UV Installation Concept Description	p. 148
Model Description	p. 148
Numerical Methods	p. 150
Results	p. 151
Conclusions and Recommendations	p. 153
Full-Scale Wastewater System Testing	p. 155
Materials and Methods	p. 155
Native Biodosimetry	p. 155
Testing for Human Enteric Viruses	p. 156
Results	p. 157
Native Biodosimetry Testing	p. 157
Comparison of UV Disinfection and Chlorination in POTWs for Virus Inactivation	p. 162
Human Enteric Virus Monitoring Results	p. 163
Summary	p. 166
Bridging Research to Practice	p. 167
Pilot Testing--Evaluation of Scale up Issues	p. 167
Conclusions from Pilot Testing Research	p. 167
Recommendations for Future Pilot Studies	p. 168
Reactor Installation and Design	p. 169
UV System Siting and Sizing	p. 169
Recommendations for Design of UV Systems	p. 169
Modeling	p. 170
Monitoring	p. 170
MS2 Culturing and Enumeration and Collimated Beam Test Protocols for Pilot Testing in Austin and Orem	p. 171
MS2 Culturing and Enumeration and Collimated Beam Test Protocols for Pilot-Testing in Atlanta	p. 173
Detailed Cost Estimates for Case Studies #1 and #2	p. 179
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Bridging Pilot-Scale Testing to Full-Scale Design of Uv Disinfection Systems

1583213171

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