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9780306460791

Social Networks, Drug Injectors' Lives, And HIV/Aids

by ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780306460791

  • ISBN10:

    0306460793

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1999-02-01
  • Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

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Summary

Social Networks, Drug Injectors' Lives, and HIV/AIDS recognizes HIV as a socially structured disease - its transmission usually requires intimate contact between individuals - and shows how social networks shape high-risk behaviors and the spread of HIV. The authors recount the groundbreaking use of social network methods, ethnographic direct-observation techniques, and in-depth interviews in their study of a drug-using community in Brooklyn, New York. They provide a detailed documentary of the lives of community members. They describe drug-use, the affects of poverty and homelessness, the acquisition of money and drugs, and social relationships within the group. Social Networks, Drug Injectors' Lives, and HIV/AIDS shows that social networks and contexts are of crucial importance in understanding and fighting the AIDS epidemic. These findings should revitalize prevention efforts and reshape social policy.

Table of Contents

Introduction
HIV/AIDS and Drug Injectors in the World, the United States, New York City, and Bushwick
1(6)
Individualistic Perspectives on Epidemiology of HIV among Injection Drug Users
7(2)
Individualistic Views of Risk Behaviors
9(1)
Social and Risk Networks Influence HIV Risk Behaviors and Infection: Other Research
10(2)
Summary
12(2)
``Learning from Lives''
Ethnographic Methods Used in the SFHR Study
14(1)
Six Lives
15(35)
Pat
15(6)
Honey
21(5)
Celia
26(7)
Bruce
33(5)
Jerry
38(5)
Louie
43(7)
Conclusion
50(3)
The Drug Scene and Risk Behaviors in Bushwick
Overview
53(1)
The Drug Scene in Bushwick: The Making of a Street-Level Drug Supermarket
53(4)
Buying and Using Drugs in Bushwick during the Research Period (1990-1993)
57(3)
Shooting Galleries over the Research Period
60(9)
The Tire Shop
62(4)
The House on Crack Row
66(3)
The Setting---Louie and Carmen's Gallery
69(15)
The Setup---Bleach, Water, Cookers, and Works
70(1)
``Getting Straight'' in the Gallery
71(7)
Splitting the Difference
78(2)
Banging in the Street: Patricia Takes a Chance
80(2)
Hit Doctors and Hidden Spots
82(2)
AIDS Talk in Injection Settings
84(3)
The Very First Hit
Katherine A. Atwood
Introduction
87(1)
Background and Significance
88(1)
Study Design
89(1)
Analytic Methods
89(2)
Results
91(11)
Pre-HIV (Calendar Period 1: 1955-1974)
93(5)
HIV Spread (Calendar Period 2: 1975-1983)
98(2)
HIV Stabilization and Initial Decline (Calendar Period 3: 1984-1992)
100(2)
Further Statistical Analysis
102(2)
Limitations
104(1)
Discussion and Conclusions
105(2)
Network Concepts and Serosurvey Methods
Network Concepts and Data
107(7)
Units of Analysis
113(1)
Subjects and Data
114(2)
Questionnaire
114(1)
Network Information
114(2)
Defining Linkages
116(6)
Data Validity and Reliability
116(1)
Limitations of These Data
117(5)
The Research Participants and Their Behaviors
Risk Behaviors of the Participants in the 30 Days before the Interview
122(1)
Individual Behavior, Behavior in Networks, and Behavior in Relationships
123(2)
Personal Risk Networks and High-Risk Injecting Settings of Drug Injectors
Introduction
125(1)
Methods
126(1)
Results
126(8)
High-Risk Network Members
131(1)
Duration and Intensity of Relationships
132(1)
Heterogeneity
133(1)
High-Risk Injection Settings
133(1)
Variation by Years of Injection, Gender, Race-Ethnicity, and Drug Scene Roles
134(6)
Variation by Years of Drug Injection
134(1)
Variation by Gender
134(1)
Variation by Race-Ethnicity
135(1)
Variation by Roles in Drug Scene
135(5)
Conclusions
140(3)
Syringe Sharing and the Social Characteristics of Drug-Injecting Dyads
Introduction
143(1)
Methods
144(5)
Peer Culture
146(2)
Subject's Economic Resources
148(1)
Subject's Individual Biography
148(1)
Subject's Contact with Risk Reduction Organizations
148(1)
Subject's Drug Behaviors
149(1)
Subject's Sexual Behaviors
149(1)
Statistical Analysis
149(1)
Results
150(4)
Discussion
154(3)
Sexual Networks, Condom Use, and the Prospects for HIV Spread to Non-Injection Drug Users
Introduction
157(1)
Descriptive Data on Sexual Relationships of Drug Injectors in This Study
157(2)
Commercial Sex Work by HIV-Infected and -Uninfected Women Drug Injectors
159(1)
Consistent Condom Use in Relationships
160(4)
Theoretical Background
160(2)
Relationship Characteristics
162(1)
Personal Characteristics
162(2)
Social Environment
164(1)
The Study
164(12)
Data
164(1)
Results
165(4)
Multiple Regression Analyses
169(1)
Subset Analyses
170(3)
Implications of the Analysis of Consistent Condom Use in Relationships
173(3)
Non-IDU Youths at Risk: Sexual Relationships by Seropositive and Seronegative IDUs with Non-IDU Youths
176(1)
Preliminary Views from the Other Side: What Youths Living in Bushwick Households Report about Sex with IDUs
177(7)
Results
178(1)
Conclusions
179(5)
Sociometric Networks among Bushwick Drug Injectors
Three Measures of Network Location
184(3)
Defining Sociometric Social Network Location
184(1)
Defining the Ethnographic Core Network
185(2)
Comparing the Three Measures of Network Location
187(2)
Who Is in What Sociometric Risk Network Location
189(3)
HIV Risk and Sociometric Risk Network Location
192(5)
Sociometric Risk Network Location and Prevention Resources
197(3)
Summary and Discussion
200(1)
Networks and HIV and Other Infections
Which Drug Injectors Are Infected?
201(5)
Multiple Logistic Regression Predictors of HIV Serostatus
206(2)
Multiple Regression Analyses of Relationships of Sociometric Risk Network Location
208(1)
A Note on the Other Predictors of HIV
209(1)
Drug-Injecting Careers, Networks, and HIV
210(9)
Prevention and Research
How Networks Change over Time and the Effects of This
219(1)
How Sociometric Network Research on Drug Injectors and Other Community-Based Groups of People Can Be Done Quickly and Cheaply
220(3)
The Larger-Scale Determinants of Network Structures
223(1)
Past Research
224(1)
Broader Issues
225(8)
Race-Ethnicity
226(2)
Class
228(1)
Sex
228(1)
Drug Policy
229(4)
Caught in the Grips of a Decaying Society
233(3)
Final Thoughts
236(3)
Appendix: Methods for Assigning Linkages in Studies of Drug Injector Networks
Gilbert Ildefonso
Introduction
239(1)
Overview of the Methodology
240(2)
Network Membership
242(1)
Multiple Egocentric Network Membership
242(2)
Foxbase Databases
244(1)
Validating Network Member Links
245(6)
Storefront Network Linkages
246(1)
Field Network Linkages
246(3)
Ethnographic Network Linkages
249(1)
Data Set Network Linkages
250(1)
Egocentric Network Linkage Case Study
251(1)
Linkage Statistics
252(1)
Conclusions
252(3)
References 255(14)
Index 269

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