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Preface | |
Introduction | |
Economic development | |
Systems analysis | |
Contextual Factors Which Influence a National Pharmaceutical System | |
The actors in the pharmaceutical systems | |
Health care professional groups | |
Drug producers | |
Drug control | |
Patients and their organizations | |
Evaluations | |
Deciding about the aim of the evaluation | |
The identification of the system and its goals | |
The identification of the evaluation dimensions and the decision on how to measure these dimensions | |
The collection of data | |
The summary of the results and the formulation of conclusions | |
Social constructionism and social representation theory | |
The actor-spectator paradox | |
The decision-making processes in the drug system | |
How attitudes and beliefs change - the balance model | |
Summary of the chapter | |
References | |
A historical perspective of drug research and diffusion | |
The period of folk medicine | |
The merchant period (1500 AD to the end of the eighteenth century) | |
The chemical period (the nineteenth century) | |
The animal testing period (from 1900 to the end of the 1930s) | |
The drug innovation period (from 1940 to 1964) | |
The post-Thalidomide period (1965 to present) | |
Future perspectives | |
Summary of the chapter | |
References | |
National drug policies | |
Efficient organization of drug support | |
Efficient organization of drug research | |
Efficient organization of drug production | |
Efficient organization of drug distribution | |
An efficient system for drug consumption | |
An efficient system of drug information | |
Choice of drugs with high therapeutic powers | |
Choice of drugs with few side effects | |
Low drug costs | |
How to develop and implement a national policy | |
Summary of the chapter | |
References | |
Planning the drug support | |
Patent and exclusivity policies | |
Trade name policy vs. generic name policy | |
Generic and therapeutic substitution | |
Generic prescribing | |
Drug registration | |
Drug reimbursement policies/national health insurance systems | |
The public and private drug sectors of developing countries | |
The primary health care policy | |
The essential drugs policy | |
Summary of the chapter | |
References | |
Drug research | |
Drug company strategies | |
Drug companies focusing on research to find new chemical substances intended for the international market | |
Drug companies concentrating on efficient drug chemical production (bulk production) | |
Companies concentrating on the marketing of non-patented ready-made drugs (generic production) | |
Drug companies concentrating on the marketing of drugs for self-medication | |
Drug companies concentrating on the sales of herbal medicines | |
Factors which determine the resources a drug company spends on R&D | |
The selection of research areas by a drug company | |
The research process | |
The project decision | |
The research administration after a project has been accepted | |
Research productivity | |
Ethical concerns in drug research | |
Summary of the chapter | |
References | |
Drug production.#60 | |
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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