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9780970968227

War, Terror & Peace In The Qur'an And In Islam

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780970968227

  • ISBN10:

    0970968221

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2004-10-31
  • Publisher: Army War College Foundation Pr
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List Price: $26.95

Summary

War, Terror & Peace In Koran & In Islam is a Stackpole Books publication.

Author Biography

Timothy P. Schwartz-Barcott is a former Marine Corps captain. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina and is a widely-published author in the realm of warfare and international affairs. He is currently the director of research services for a consulting firm in East Greenwich, Rhode Island.

Table of Contents

PREFACE BY GENERAL ANTHONY C. ZINNI, USMC (RET.) XVII
FOREWORD XIX
FOREWORD ENDNOTES
XXV
CHAPTER ONE: APPROACHING THE QUR'AN AND ITS PROPONENTS 1(40)
IMAGES OF THE QUR'AN IN CURRENT CONFLICTS
1(3)
THE QUR'AN AS A HOLY BOOK
4(3)
WHY IS THE QUR'AN SO IMPORTANT?
7(3)
CONSIDERING VIOLENCE-ORIENTED OPPORTUNISTS AND LITERALISTS
10(5)
THE CASE OF NAJI: ONCE A TALIBAN SOLDIER IN AFGHANISTAN
15(1)
MULLAH MUHAMMAD OMAR: SELF-PROCLAIMED CALIPH OF THE FORMER TALIBAN GOVERNMENT
16(3)
AUKAI COLLINS: AMERICAN JIHADIST
19(5)
TO WHOM IS THE QUR'AN IMPORTANT REGARDING PEACE AND WAR?
24(5)
HOLY BOOKS AS SOURCES OF GUIDANCE ON PEACE AND WAR
29(4)
First Reading
29(1)
Second Reading
30(1)
Third Reading
30(3)
FINDING PEACE AND WAR IN THE QUR'AN: SOME RESEARCH PROCEDURES
33(1)
CHAPTER 1 ENDNOTES
34(7)
CHAPTER TWO: THE QUR'AN'S PASSAGES ON PEACE, TERROR, AND WAR 41(54)
PEACE
42(3)
TREATIES TO ESTABLISH TEMPORARY PEACE?
45(2)
WAR: ITS MORAL NATURE, CAUSES, AND SOME GENERAL PROHIBITIONS
47(3)
WARTIME ENEMIES OF MUSLIM ARMIES
50(1)
GOALS AND THREE GENERAL ORDERS FOR MUSLIM BATTLE
51(4)
SOME THEMES AND FORMS OF MUSLIM WARFARE
55(9)
Defend The Far Borders Vigorously
55(1)
Fight In The Way Of Allah
56(1)
Fight The Enemy In Like Manner, Retaliate, Possibly Forgive
56(2)
Fight In Closed Ranks As A Solid Unit
58(1)
Rout Them And Strike Fear In Their Supporters
58(1)
Inflict Terror, And Much More, On Domestic And Foreign Targets
59(4)
Suppress Dissent Among Troublesome Muslims And Allies
63(1)
MOTIVATIONS AND JUSTIFICATIONS FOR MUSLIMS FIGHTING IN COMBAT
64(5)
It Is Allah Who Is Killing Them And Is Responsible
64(1)
For The Cause Of Allah And To Oppose The Devil
64(1)
To Protect The Feeble People And Other Victims
64(1)
Because You Have Been Wronged In Ways That Are Unacceptable To Allah
64(1)
Because Allah Will Restrain The Might Of Your Enemies Even Though They Outnumber You
65(1)
Because Some Adversaries Broke Treaties And Assailed Your Religion
65(1)
Because Paradise Is A Reward For Muslims Who Fight In War For Allah
65(1)
Because Courage In Combat Proves To Allah That You Are a Believer And May Enable You To Be A Martyr ("Witness")
66(1)
Because The Behaviors And Beliefs Of Some Jews And Christians Are Bellicose, Sacrilegious, And Evil
67(1)
Because Muslims Who Help In Conquering Other Religions Will Have Their Sins Forgiven And Will Gain Eternal Paradise
68(1)
SOME OTHER PRESCRIPTIONS AND PROSCRIPTIONS FOR MUSLIMS IN COMBAT
69(5)
Be Willing To Commit Your Wealth And Lives To Long Expeditions Against Distant Enemies
69(1)
Be Steadfast, Obedient, Loyal, Despite Being Heavily Outnumbered
70(1)
Fight Harshly, That Is Your Duty, Possibly Including Degradation, Mutilation, And Annihilation Of The Enemy
71(1)
Don't Retreat Or Allow Others To Do So
72(1)
Kill Those Who Don't Offer Peace
72(1)
Don't Kill Those Who Offer Peace Just Because They Don't Believe In Allah (Discrimination Principle)
72(1)
Honor Those Who Are First To Fight; Reject Late-Comers
73(1)
Reward And Protect Persecuted Refugees, Especially Those Who Fight
73(1)
Don't Send All Believers Into Battle
74(1)
Exempt The Blind, Lame, And Sick From Combat
74(1)
SPOILS OF WAR: BOOTY, CAPTIVES, AND PRISONERS OF WAR
74(5)
Prisoners Of War
76(3)
ENDING A WAR
79(2)
MIRACLES, NATURE, TOXINS, AND AIR ATTACKS AS WAYS TO END WARS?
81(3)
AN ASIDE ON THE HADITH: ISLAM'S SECOND MOST IMPORTANT BOOK
84(7)
War Directives In The Hadith And In The Qur'an
85(2)
Beyond The Qur'an
87(4)
LOOKING BACK AND LOOKING AHEAD
91(1)
CHAPTER 2 ENDNOTES
92(3)
CHAPTER THREE: MUHAMMAD AS A MILITARY COMMANDER 95(46)
PEACE, CONFLICT, AND WAR IN AND AROUND ARABIA PRIOR TO MUHAMMAD
97(2)
MUHAMMAD IN PEACE, CONFLICT, AND WAR
99(6)
THE MUSLIM AMBUSH AT NAKHLA
105(3)
THE STUNNING MUSLIM VICTORY AT BADR
108(4)
Correspondence With The Qur'an
110(2)
THE REVERSAL AND WOUNDING AT MT. UHUD (OHOD)
112(6)
Congruence With The Qur'an
116(2)
FROM UHUD TO "THE TRENCH:" TWO YEARS OF TROUBLE, TURMOIL, AND TREACHERY
118(4)
THE BATTLE OF THE TRENCH: A DECISIVE POLITICAL VICTORY WITHOUT MUCH BLOODSHED
122(5)
Congruence With The Qur'an
125(2)
THE TRUCE AT HUDAYBIYA AND THE SACKING OF KHAYBAR
127(3)
ISLAM EXTENDS INTO MECCA AND BEYOND
130(4)
The First Pilgrimage To Mecca (Hall)
130(1)
Mu'ta: A Failed Foray Into The Byzantine Empire
131(1)
The Acquisition Of Mecca (Al-Fat'h)
132(1)
Correspondence With The Qur'an
133(1)
FAR BEYOND MECCA: MUHAMMAD'S LAST TWO YEARS
134(2)
MUHAMMAD AS A COMMANDER AND As THE RECITER OF THE QUR'AN
136(2)
CHAPTER 3 END NOTES
138(3)
CHAPTER FOUR: THE QUR'AN AND MUSLIM WARS, 632-1984 A.D 141(70)
MUSLIM EMPIRES AFTER MUHAMMAD
141(8)
The Caliphate Period
143(4)
Sultanate Period: The "Medieval" Empires
147(2)
A QUESTION OF CONGRUENCE: THE QUR'AN AND 214 BATTLES
149(1)
TWO STEREOTYPES OF MUSLIM BATTLES
150(2)
Muslim-Dominant: Muslim Battles Expand Religious And Economic Dominion
150(1)
Muslim-Defendent: Muslim Battles As Desperate Efforts To Protect Persecuted Communities
151(1)
KADISIYA, IRAQ, 637: MUSLIM INVADERS OVERWHELM PERSIANS
152(2)
SIFFIN, SYRIA, 657: TWO MUSLIM FACTIONS INVOKE THE QUR'AN
154(1)
RIO BARBATE, SPAIN, 711: MUSLIM INVASION AND VICTORY WITH FEW EXCESSES
155(1)
TOURS, FRANCE, 732: A DECISIVE MUSLIM DEFEAT SURROUNDED BY EXCESSES
156(3)
JERUSALEM VII, 1099: FIRST CRUSADERS "MASSACRE MUSLIMS AND JEWS"
159(3)
JERUSALEM VIII, 1187: SALADIN SHOWS SOME RESTRAINT
162(1)
LAS NAVAS DE TOLOSA, 1212: CHRISTIAN RECONQUEST OF SPAIN
163(1)
GRANADA, SPAIN, 1491-92: A PEACEFUL RESOLUTION DESPITE THE OPPORTUNITY FOR A BLOODBATH
164(1)
TARAORI, INDIA, 1192, AND TALIKOTA, INDIA, 1565: MUSLIM CONQUESTS TO THE FAR EAST OF MECCA
165(2)
BAMIAN, 1221, AND BAGHDAD I, 1258: TWO MONGOL MASSACRES OF MUSLIM FORCES
167(1)
SIX BATTLES BETWEEN ELROPEANS AND OTTOMAN ARMIES ALONG THE "CROSSROADS"
168(14)
Kosovo I, 1389: The Brutal Beginning Of Five Centuries Of Ottoman Warfare In The Balkans
169(2)
Mohacs, Hungary, 1526: Yet Another Massacre Not Soon Forgotten
171(1)
Vienna, 1529: Muslim Massacre Before And After The Famous Failed Siege
172(2)
Pyramids, 1798: Napoleon Stretches His Empire And Invokes The Qur'an
174(2)
Dardanelles And Gallipoli, 1915-16: The Ottoman-German Coalition Repulses Allied Naval And Ground Attacks
176(4)
Megiddo III, Palestine, 1918: Separate Muslim Forces Allied With Both Adversaries Fight Without Obvious Violations Of The Qur'an
180(2)
SOME NAVAL BATTLES BY AND AGAINST MUSLIM FORCES
182(5)
Lepanto II, 1571: A Bloody And Permanent End To Ottoman Dominance Of The Mediterranean
182(3)
Tripoli II, 1804: The U.S. Navy Duels With The Barbary Pirates
185(2)
214 BATTLES: PRESENCE AND DIRECT INFLUENCE OF THE QUR'AN
187(2)
214 BATTLES: EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES
189(1)
SOME GENERAL STATISTICS ON 214 MUSLIM BATTLES
189(2)
INVADERS AND ATTACKERS IN MUSLIM VERSUS NON-MUSLIM BATTLES
191(15)
CHAPTER 4 ENDNOTES
206(5)
CHAPTER FIVE: SOME RECENT AND CURRENT "MUSLIM" WARS 211(54)
THE QUIR'AN'S INFLUENCE ON SOME BATTLES AND WARS SINCE 1984
211(1)
THE, USSR WAR IN AFGHANISTAN, 1979-1989
212(2)
THE, IRAQ-IRAN WAR, 1980-1988
214(5)
THE. ISRAELI INVASION AND OCCUPATION OF LEBANON, 1982-1993
219(3)
BATTLES BETWEEN SERBIAN FORCES AND MUSLIM SEPARATISTS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, 1991-1995
222(2)
IRAQ INVADES KUWAIT, 1990 (THE BATTLE OF KUWAIT CITY)
224(3)
THE COALITION EXPELS IRAQI FORCES FROM KUWAIT, 1991
227(11)
THE BATTLE OF THE BLACK SEA, SOMALIA, OCTOBER 3-4, 1993
238(4)
WAR AGAINST TILE TALIBAN AND AL-QAEDA IN AFGHANISTAN, 2001-
242(8)
THE U.S. LED INVASION AND OCCUPATION OF IRAQ, 2003-
250(10)
The Battle Of Diyala Bridge
254(6)
SUMMING UP THE Waits SINCE 1984
260(1)
CHAPTER 5 ENDNOTES
260(5)
CHAPTER SIX: INTERPRETATIONS OF THE QUR'AN AND OF MUSLIM WARFARE 265(42)
KHADDURI'S INTERPRETATIONS
266(18)
The Origins Of Conflict
267(2)
Islamic Laws Of War
269(2)
The Doctrine And Practice Of Jihad
271(3)
Initiation Of Battle
274(1)
Military Organization And Strategy
275(1)
Siege Warfare And Collateral Damage
276(2)
Spoils Of War
278(1)
Maritime Warfare
279(1)
Termination Of Fighting
280(2)
Islamic Law Of Peace
282(1)
Treaties
282(1)
Muslim Diplomacy
283(1)
Khadduri's View Of The Future
284(1)
JOHN ESPOSITO: A POPULAR AND SYMPATHETIC INTERPRETER OF ISLAM'S ORIGINS, HISTORY, AND CURRENT STATUS
284(8)
ALI'S INTERPRETATIONS: A FORGIVING PACIFIST
292(3)
HALEEM'S INTERPRETATIONS: CONTEXTUALIZING THE WAY TO FORGIVENESS
295(5)
The Conditions Allowing Muslims To Wage War
295(1)
The Conduct Of War
296(2)
Prisoners Of War
298(1)
Ceasing War And Finding Peace
299(1)
SOME CONCLUDING THOUGHTS ABOUT INTERPRETATIONS
300(1)
CHAPTER 6 ENDNOTES
301(6)
CHAPTER SEVEN: INSIGHTS: HOW THE QUR'AN CAN HELP IN PEACE AND IN WAR WITH ITS PROPONENTS 307(46)
RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION AND OTHER MOTIVES FOR VIOLENCE
307(1)
DEALING WITH PROPONENTS OF THE QUR'AN WHO USE VIOLENCE
308(2)
THE QUR'AN AS AN ALLY: HOW THE QUR'AN CAN HELP IN PEACE AND IN WAR
310(1)
SEVERAL CAVEATS TO KEEP IN MIND
311(6)
1. Relevance To Current Policy Of The U.S. Government
311(2)
2. Islam And The Qur'an's Influences On International Relations Are Growing
313(1)
3. Past And Current Successes Could Jeopardize Future Successes
314(2)
4. The Qur'an Could Become A Much Greater Influence In Future Hostilities
316(1)
REVIEW OF THE QUR'AN REGARDING PEACE, TERROR, AND WAR
317(8)
Regarding Peace And Treaties
317(1)
The Nature And Causes Of War, According To The Qur'an
318(1)
Goals And General Orders For Muslim Battles
319(1)
Some Themes And Forms Of Muslim Warfare
320(1)
Suppress Dissent At Home
321(1)
Motivations And Justification For Muslims Engaging In Combat
321(1)
Other Prescriptions And Proscriptions For Muslims In Combat
322(1)
Spoils Of War, Captives, And Prisoners
323(1)
Ending Battles And Wars
324(1)
THE HISTORY OF MUSLIM WARFARE IN LIGHT OF TTIE QUR'AN
325(3)
Major Patterns in Muslim Battles since 624
325(3)
SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR DEALING WITH THE QUR'AN'S PROPONENTS IN PEACE, CONFLICT, AND WAR
328(7)
Diplomatic Relations
328(2)
Themes For International Communications
330(3)
Education
333(2)
IF WAR BECOMES IMMINENT
335(1)
PREPARING MILITARY FORCES TO FIGHT HOSTILE
ARMED FORCES THAT ARE PROPONENTS OF THE QUR'AN
336(2)
PREPARING COMBAT PERSONNEL TO SURVIVE AS POWS
338(2)
SOME STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
340(2)
AN ASIDE TO OPERATIONAL UNIT COMMANDERS IN COMBAT ZONES OVERCOMING CULTURAL RESISTANCE BY INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
342(10)
Some Observations About Culture-Based Resistance
342(2)
A Success Story
344(1)
Acquiring An Anthropological Perspective
345(1)
Some Procedures That Can Reduce Cultural Resistance
346(2)
Applications To Operations In The Middle East?
348(4)
ENDING BATTLES AND WARS AND RE-ESTABLISHING A DURALBE PEACE
352(1)
CHAPTER 7 ENDNOTES 353(4)
EPILOGUE: TOWARDS PEACE AND UNDERSTANDING 357(8)
SOME WAYS TO REDUCE RELIGION-BASED MASS VIOLENCE, SELF-RIGHTEOUSNESS, TRIUMPHALISM, AND "CONTEMPT FOR THE OTHER"
358(7)
For All Of Us
358(1)
For Non-Muslims
359(1)
For Muslims
360(5)
EPILOGUE ENONOTES
365(1)
APPENDIX A: 214 MUSLIM BATTLES 365(14)
BIBLIOGRAPHY 379(10)
INDEX 389

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