Second Nature

by Shepherdson, David J.; Mellen, Jill D.; Hutchins, Michael

• ISBN13: 9781560987451
• ISBN10: 1560987456
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-04-01
• Publisher: Smithsonian Inst Pr

Summary

SECOND NATURE brings together the work of animal behaviorists, zoo biologists, and psychologists to explore innovative strategies for environmental enrichment in laboratories and marine parks as well as in zoos. Providing a theoretical framework for the science of environmental enrichment in a variety of settings, the book renews and extends a humane approach to the keeping and conservation of animals. 28 illustrations.

Author Biography

David J. Shepherdson is program scientist at Metro Washington Park Zoo in Portland, Oregon. Jill D. Mellen is a behavioral scientist at the Walt Disney Animal Program in Orlando, Florida. Michael Hutchins is director of conservation and science for the American Zoo and Aquarium Association.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors	viii	(4)
Foreword	xii	(3)
Terry L. Maple
Preface	xv	(4)
Acknowledgments	xix
1. Introduction: Tracing the Path of Environmental Enrichment in Zoos	1	(14)
David J. Shepherdson
PART ONE: THEORETICAL BASES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT	15	(82)
2. Evolution, Ecology, and Enrichment: Basic Considerations for Wild Animals in Zoos	15	(15)
John Seidensticker
Debra L. Forthman
3. Environmental Enrichment and the Importance of Exploratory Behavior	30	(17)
Joy A. Mench
4. Power for Captive Animals: Contingencies and Nature	47	(12)
Hal Markowitz
Cheryl Aday
5. Context, Ethics, and Environmental Enrichment in Zoos and Aquariums	59	(24)
Michael D. Kreger
Michael Hutchins
Nina Fascione
6. Meeting a Mammal's Psychological Needs: Basic Principles	83	(14)
Trevor B. Poole
PART TWO: ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT IN ANIMAL CONSERVATION AND WELFARE	97	(108)
7. The Captive Environment and Reintroduction: The Black-Footed Ferret as a Case Study with Comments on Other Taxa	97	(16)
Brian Miller
Dean Biggins
Astrid Vargas
Michael Hutchins
Louis Hanebury
Jerry Godbey
Stan Anderson
Chris Wemmer
John Oldemeier
8. Environmental Enrichment in a Reintroduction Program for Golden Lion Tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia)	113	(16)
M. Ines Castro
Benjamin B. Beck
Devra G. Kleiman
Carlos R. Ruiz-Miranda
Alfred L. Rosenberger
9. Psychological Well-Being of Captive Nonhuman Primates: Lessons from Laboratory Studies	129	(24)
Carolyn M. Crockett
10. Zoos, Enrichment, and the Skeptical Observer: The Practical Value of Assessment	153	(19)
Kathleen N. Morgan
Scott W. Line
Hal Markowitz
11. Determining the Causes of Stereotypic Behaviors in Zoo Carnivores: Toward Appropriate Enrichment Strategies	172	(12)
Kathy Carlstead
12. Captive Environments for Small Felids	184	(21)
Jill D. Mellen
Marc P. Hayes
David J. Shepherdson
PART THREE: ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT IN CAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, HUSBANDRY, AND TRAINING	205	(132)
13. Beyond Mammals: Environmental Enrichment for Amphibians and Reptiles	205	(31)
Marc P. Hayes
Mark R. Jennings
Jill D. Mellen
14. Toward Optimal Care for Confined Ungulates	236	(26)
Debra L. Forthman
15. Enrichment of Captive Mammals through Provisioning	262	(15)
Donald G. Lindburg
16. A Veterinary Perspective of Potential Risk Factors in Environmental Enrichment	277	(25)
Janet F. Baer
17. Positive Reinforcement Training as an Enrichment Strategy	302	(12)
Gail Laule
Tim Desmond
18. Environmental Enrichment for Marine Mammals at Sea World	314	(15)
Stan A. Kuczaj II
C. Thad Lacinak
Ted N. Turner
19. Epilogue: The Future of Environmental Enrichment	329	(8)
Jill D. Mellen
David J. Shepherdson
Michael Hutchins
Index	337