Security of Information and Communication Networks

by Kartalopoulos, Stamatios V.

• ISBN13: 9780470290255
• ISBN10: 0470290250
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-03-11
• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press

Summary

Information and communications security is a hot topic in private industry as well as in government agencies. This book provides a complete conceptual treatment of securing information and transporting it over a secure network in a manner that does not require a strong mathematical background. It stresses why information security is important, what is being done about it, how it applies to networks, and an overview of its key issues. It is written for anyone who needs to understand these important topics at a conceptual rather than a technical level.

Author Biography

Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos, PhD, is the Williams Professor in Telecommunications Networking at the ECE/TCOM graduate program at the University of Oklahoma and conducts research activities in optical networking and network security. He is also principal consultant of PhotonExperts, a consultancy on advanced optical technology and optical communications systems and networks. Previously, he defined, led, and managed research and development teams at Bell Laboratories, where he was awarded the President's Award as well as several other awards for excellence. Dr. Kartalopoulos has published both books and research papers extensively, has been awarded nineteen patents, and has lectured at international forums. An IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, he is an IEEE Fellow and member of SPIE, Sigma XI, and Etta Kappa Nu.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xix
About the Author	p. xxi
Introduction	p. 1
A Historical Perspective of Information and Network Security	p. 1
Hidden Messages	p. 1
Encoded Messages	p. 3
Modern Cryptography, Watermarking, Steganography, Escrow and Cryptanalysis	p. 8
Cryptography	p. 8
Symmetric and Asymmetric Keys	p. 9
Hash Functions	p. 10
Security Services	p. 10
Watermarking	p. 11
Steganography	p. 12
Escrow	p. 13
Cryptanalysis	p. 14
Network Security	p. 15
ISO/OSI Reference Model and Security	p. 18
Security Threatening Attacks and Actions	p. 21
Information Security Attacks	p. 22
Virus	p. 23
Trojan Horses	p. 24
Worms	p. 25
Phishing and Pharming	p. 26
Protecting the Computer from Viruses	p. 28
VPN Networks	p. 29
Tunneling	p. 29
VPN Security	p. 29
IPsec	p. 31
Network Security Attacks	p. 33
Network and Service Availability	p. 33
Network Attacks	p. 33
Counter-Attacking Intelligent Networks	p. 35
References	p. 36
Mathematical Foundations	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
Logarithms	p. 41
Prime Numbers	p. 42
Modulus Arithmetic	p. 43
Greatest Common Divisor	p. 44
The Classical Euclidean Algorithm	p. 45
The Binary GCD Algorithm	p. 45
Groups	p. 46
Rings	p. 48
Fields	p. 48
The Fermat's Theorem	p. 49
The Euler's Theorem	p. 50
Exclusive-Or	p. 51
Random Numbers	p. 52
References	p. 53
Ciphers and Algorithms	p. 55
Symmetric/Asymmetric Ciphers	p. 55
Symmetric Ciphers	p. 56
The Direct Substitution or Random Shift Cipher	p. 56
Shift Cipher	p. 57
The Permutation Cipher	p. 58
Block Ciphers	p. 58
The Data Encryption Standard (DES)	p. 59
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)	p. 61
The RC4 Algorithm	p. 64
The RC5 and RC6 Algorithms	p. 64
Other Well-Known Algorithms	p. 66
Asymmetric Cipher Systems	p. 67
Factorization Problems	p. 67
The Race for Unbreakable Codes	p. 68
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems	p. 69
A Primer on Elliptic Curves and Elliptic Curve Factorization	p. 70
Elliptic Curves Over Real Numbers	p. 72
Elliptic Curves Over Real and Prime Numbers	p. 75
Elliptic Curves Over Binary Numbers	p. 76
Cyclic Groups	p. 78
Applicability of Elliptic Curves to Cryptography	p. 78
ECC Procedures	p. 79
Comparing ECC with DH and with RSA	p. 80
The RSA Algorithm	p. 81
Key Management	p. 82
References	p. 83
Cryptographic Key Distribution Systems	p. 87
Key Distribution	p. 87
Symmetric Key Distribution	p. 88
Key Revocation	p. 88
New Key Distribution	p. 89
Asymmetric Key Distribution	p. 89
Commuting Key Distribution	p. 90
Shared Key Distribution	p. 91
Merkle's Puzzle Method	p. 91
Shamir's Key Distribution Method	p. 93
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Distribution	p. 93
Digital Signature Systems	p. 95
The Trusted Third Party or Key Escrow Encryption System	p. 98
References	p. 99
Chaotic Cryptographic Systems	p. 101
Fundamentals of Chaotic Processes	p. 101
The Chaotic Regime	p. 102
Chaos Annulling Traps	p. 106
Application of Chaotic Systems to Communications	p. 108
Application of Chaotic Systems to Cryptography	p. 109
The Baptista Method	p. 109
The Lorenz Method	p. 110
Synchronization of Chaotic Processes	p. 111
The Karalopoulos Method	p. 112
References	p. 114
Communication Security Layer Classifications	p. 115
A Synergistic Security Framework	p. 115
Information/Application Security Layer	p. 117
MAC/Control Security Layer	p. 117
Network Security Layer	p. 117
Physical Layer Security	p. 117
Firewalls and Gateways	p. 118
Security Cross-Portfolio	p. 119
Attacks and Security in the Internet	p. 119
TACACS, SNMP and UDP	p. 124
References	p. 125
Network Security: Wireless Systems	p. 127
Wireless Networks	p. 128
WLAN	p. 129
IEEE 802.11 WLAN	p. 130
IEEE 802.11 WLAN Architecture	p. 130
IEEE 802.11 Channel Allocation	p. 131
IEEE 802.11 Advantages and Disadvantages	p. 133
WLAN Security	p. 134
Wi-Fi, WPA and WPA2	p. 136
EAP, EAPOL and RADIUS	p. 138
The IEEE 802.11i Robust Security Network	p. 139
IEEE 802.11i Vulnerabilities	p. 139
Wireless Mobile Access Networks	p. 140
GSM	p. 141
GSM Network Architecture	p. 141
GSM Security	p. 143
GSM Full Duplex Secure Data Transmission	p. 144
B3G/4G	p. 145
B3G/4G Security Concerns	p. 145
WiMax	p. 146
WiMax Security	p. 147
IP Multimedia Subsystems	p. 149
IMS Security	p. 150
Bluetooth	p. 151
Bluetooth Security	p. 153
Wireless Personal Area Networks	p. 155
Wireless Personal Area Networks Security	p. 156
Communications Satellite Networks	p. 157
Communications Satellite Networks Security	p. 161
Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks	p. 163
Wireless Ad-Hoc Network Security	p. 165
References	p. 168
Network Security: Wired Systems	p. 173
Introduction	p. 173
Wired Networks	p. 175
The Loop Plant and the Trunk Plant	p. 176
Analog Loops and Digital Loops	p. 177
Signaling System 7	p. 182
Getting Connected Across the Network	p. 183
Network Synchronization	p. 184
Signal Performance	p. 185
Security Issues	p. 186
Security Comparison Between PSDN and IP	p. 187
References	p. 188
Network Security: Optical Systems	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
Layers of Network Security	p. 190
Security of Optical Access Network	p. 191
Passive Optical Networks and Fiber-to-the-Premises	p. 191
Security and Vulnerabilities of PONs	p. 198
Types of Attacks in Optical Access Networks	p. 198
Interception of the Physical Plant	p. 198
Eavesdropping	p. 199
Source Mimicking and Theft of Service	p. 200
Attacking the Supervisory Channel	p. 200
Security Measures	p. 200
Detecting Fiber Instruction and Countermeasure Strategies	p. 201
Backbone Optical Networks	p. 201
Cyber-Attack Detection Mechanisms	p. 202
Channel Performance Vector as Channel Signature	p. 202
Discriminating Between Faults and Attacks	p. 204
Method for Estimating the Performance Vector and Channel ID	p. 206
Architecting the Performance Vector Circuit	p. 209
Self-Protecting Optical Links	p. 210
Intrusion Detection and Reaction Scenarios	p. 210
Self-Protecting with Countermeasure Intelligence Networks	p. 211
Simultaneous Multiple Channel Protection	p. 213
Simultaneous Multiple Channel Equalization	p. 213
Intrusion Counter-Attacking Networks	p. 214
A WDM Method Applicable to Link Security	p. 214
The Wavelength-Bus	p. 215
Bandwidth Capacity and Bandwidth Elasticity of the ¿-Bus	p. 217
Security Aspects with the ¿-Bus Based on a Multi-Strand DNA Model	p. 218
Multiplex Random Scheduler	p. 219
Temporal Wavelength-Bus Randomizer	p. 219
The Hybrid Method	p. 220
Free Space Optical Networks	p. 221
FSO Technology Overview	p. 221
FSO Mesh Topology	p. 223
FSO Protection Strategies and Fault Avoidance	p. 224
FSO Security	p. 225
Security Testing	p. 226
RNG and PRNG Testing	p. 226
Cryptographic Algorithm Testing	p. 228
Cryptanalysis as a Security Testing Tool	p. 229
References	p. 231
Quantum Networks	p. 237
Introduction	p. 237
Quantum Mechanics Not-for-Dummies	p. 238
Electron Interferometry	p. 238
Photon Interferometry	p. 240
Convergence of Two Radical Ideas in Quantum Mechanics	p. 243
Superposition of States, Qubits and Qu-Registers	p. 243
Quantum Cryptography	p. 246
Pre-Quantum Cryptographic Era	p. 247
Post-Classical Cryptographic Era	p. 248
Photon Polarization States	p. 249
Orthogonal States	p. 251
Creating Orthogonal States	p. 252
Photon Polarization States	p. 253
The Poincaré Sphere	p. 253
Rotating States of Polarization	p. 254
Qubit Basis States	p. 254
Rules of Quantum Cryptography Algorithms	p. 255
The BB84 Protocol	p. 256
The B92 Protocol	p. 258
The K05 Protocol	p. 259
The K08 Protocol	p. 261
Entangled Photon Pairs and the Eckert Algorithm	p. 263
Quantum Teleportation	p. 264
Vulnerabilities of Pragmatic Quantum Cryptography	p. 266
References	p. 268
Next Generation Optical Network Security	p. 273
Introduction	p. 273
Standardized Protocols for Cost-Efficient Optical Networks	p. 274
The Generic Framing Protocol	p. 274
GFP Client Payload Multiplexing	p. 275
GFP Frame Structure	p. 276
GFP Header Error Control and Delineation	p. 277
GFP Frame Structure	p. 277
GFP Modes	p. 278
The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme LCAS	p. 279
Concatenation Efficiency	p. 280
Security in the Next Generation SONET/SDH	p. 281
References	p. 282
Biometrics in Communication Networks	p. 285
Introduction	p. 285
Biometric Types	p. 286
Biometrics and Cryptography	p. 288
Local and Remote Authentication	p. 288
Biometrics Remote Authentication	p. 289
References	p. 290
Acronyms	p. 291
Index	p. 299
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