Sedimentary Petrology An Introduction to the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks

by Tucker, Maurice E.

• ISBN13: 9780632057351
• ISBN10: 0632057351
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-06-29
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The earlier editions of this book have been used by successive generations of students for more than 20 years, and it is the standard text on the subject in most British universities and many others throughout the world. The study of sediments and sedimentary rocks continues to be a core topic in the Earth Sciences and this book aims to provide a concise account of their composition, mineralogy, textures, structures, diagenesis and depositional environments. This latest edition is noteworthy for the inclusion of 16 plates with 54 colour photomicrographs of sedimentary rocks in thin-section. These bring sediments to life and show their beauty and colorful appearance down the microscope; they will aid the student enormously in laboratory petrographic work. The text has been revised where necessary and the reference and further reading lists brought up-to-date. New tables have been included to help undergraduates with rock and thin-section description and interpretation. New 16-page colour section will mean students do not need to buy Longman Atlas. All illustrations redrawn to higher standard. Complete revision of text - new material on sedimentary geochemistry, etc.

Author Biography

Maurice Edwin Tucker is a leading British sedimentologist, specialising in the field of carbonate sedimentology, more commonly known as limestones. From 1993 to 2011 he held the position of Professor of Geological Sciences at the University of Durham, and from 1998 to 2011 was Master of University College, Durham.

Table of Contents

Preface to the third edition	vii
Preface to the second edition	viii
Preface to the first edition	ix
Introduction: basic concepts and methodology	1	(10)
Introduction	1	(1)
Basic Concepts	1	(5)
Methodology	6	(5)
Siliciclastic sediments I: sandstones, conglomerates and breccias	11	(81)
Introduction	11	(1)
Sediment texture	11	(10)
Sedimentary structures	21	(19)
Palaeocurrent analysis	40	(2)
Detrital components of siliciclastic sediments	42	(6)
Classification of siliciclastic sediments	48	(2)
Petrography and origin of principal sandstone types	50	(3)
Sandstone composition, provenance and tectonic setting	53	(2)
Sandstone diagenesis	55	(7)
Porosity and permeability	62	(3)
Depositional environments of sandstones and coarser clastics	65	(27)
Siliciclastic sediments II: mudrocks	92	(18)
Introduction	92	(1)
Textures and structures of mudrocks	92	(4)
The colour of mudrocks	96	(1)
Mineral constituents of mudrocks	97	(2)
The formation and distribution of clay minerals in modern sediments	99	(3)
Diagenesis of clay minerals and mudrocks	102	(1)
Mudrocks and their depositional environments	103	(7)
Limestones	110	(56)
Introduction	110	(1)
Mineralogy of carbonate sediments	111	(1)
Components of limestones	111	(17)
Classification of limestones	128	(2)
Limestone grain size and texture	130	(1)
Sedimentary structures of limestones	130	(4)
Carbonate diagenesis	134	(12)
Dolomitization, dedolomitization and silicification	146	(5)
Porosity in carbonate sediments	151	(1)
Carbonate depositional environments and facies	151	(15)
Evaporites	166	(16)
Introduction	166	(3)
Gypsum and anhydrite	169	(5)
Halite	174	(2)
Other evaporite minerals and their occurrence	176	(2)
Evaporite dissolution and replacement	178	(1)
Evaporite sequences and discussion	178	(4)
Sedimentary iron deposits	182	(12)
Introduction	182	(1)
Source and transportation of iron	182	(1)
The formation of the principal iron minerals	183	(3)
Occurrence and petrography of the iron minerals	186	(3)
Precambrian iron-formations and Phanerozoic ironstones	189	(3)
Bog iron ores	192	(1)
Ferromanganese nodules and crusts, and metalliferous sediments	192	(2)
Sedimentary phosphate deposits	194	(5)
Introduction	194	(1)
Mineralogy	194	(1)
Nodular and bedded phosphorities	194	(3)
Bioclastic and pebble-bed phosphorites	197	(1)
Guano and ocean-island phosphorites	198	(1)
Coal, oil shale and petroleum	199	(13)
Introduction	199	(1)
Modern organic deposits	199	(1)
Ancient organic deposits	200	(1)
Coals and the coal series	200	(2)
Coal petrology	202	(2)
Coal formation and rank	204	(1)
Occurrence of coal	205	(1)
Oil shales	206	(1)
Formation of kerogen	207	(1)
Petroleum	207	(5)
Cherts and siliceous sediments	212	(9)
Introduction	212	(1)
Chert petrology	212	(1)
Bedded cherts	212	(6)
Nodular cherts	218	(1)
Non-marine siliceous sediments and cherts	219	(2)
Volcaniclastic sediments	221	(10)
Introduction	221	(1)
Autoclastic deposits	222	(1)
Pyroclastic-fall deposits	223	(1)
Pyroclastic-flow and -surge deposits	224	(2)
Hydroclastites: hyaloclastites and hyalotuffs	226	(2)
Epiclastic volcanogenic deposits	228	(1)
Diagenesis of volcaniclastic sediments	228	(3)
References	231	(20)
Index	251