Semiconductor Materials

by Yacobi, B. G.

• ISBN13: 9780306473616
• ISBN10: 0306473615
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-03-01
• Publisher: Plenum Pub Corp

Summary

The main objective of this book is to provide an introductory perspective of the basic principles of semiconductors, being an integrated overview of the basic properties, applications, and characterization of semiconductors in a single volume. This book is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate students, and for researchers, working in a wide variety of fields in physical and engineering sciences, who require an introductory and concise description of the field of semiconductors.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(216)
Interatomic Bonding, Crystal Structure, and Defects in Solids
Introduction	5	(1)
Interatomic Bonding	6	(3)
Crystal Structure	9	(12)
Defects in Solids	21	(5)
Lattice Vibrations	26	(4)
Summary	30	(3)
Problems	32	(1)
Band Theory of Solids
Introduction	33	(1)
Principles of Quantum Mechanics	34	(3)
The Wave-Particle Duality	34	(1)
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle	35	(1)
The Schrodinger Wave Equation	35	(2)
Some Applications of the Schrodinger Equation	37	(8)
Free Electrons	37	(1)
Bound Electron in an Infinitely Deep Potential Well	38	(1)
Bound Electron in a Finite Potential Well	39	(1)
Electron Tunneling through a Finite Potential Barrier	40	(2)
The Kronig--Penney Model (Electron in a Periodic Crystal Potential)	42	(3)
Energy Bands in Crystals	45	(4)
Brillouin Zones and Examples of the Energy Band Structure for Semiconductors	49	(3)
The Effective Mass	52	(3)
Classification of Solids According to the Band Theory	55	(2)
Summary	57	(2)
Problems	58	(1)
Basic Properties of Semiconductors
Introduction	59	(1)
Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors	59	(2)
The Fermi--Dirac Distribution Function and the Density of States	61	(5)
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors	66	(4)
Intrinsic Semiconductors	66	(3)
Extrinsic Semiconductors	69	(1)
Donors and Acceptors in Semiconductors	70	(10)
Nonequilibrium Properties of Carriers	80	(1)
Interband Electronic Transitions in Semiconductors	81	(6)
Optical Absorption	81	(6)
Recombination Processes	87	(11)
Radiative Transitions	88	(4)
Nonradiative Recombination Mechanisms	92	(2)
Recombination Rate	94	(2)
Luminescence Centers	96	(2)
Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission	98	(2)
Effects of External Perturbations on Semiconductor Properties	100	(2)
Basic Equations on Semiconductors	102	(2)
Poisson's Equation	102	(1)
Continuity Equations	103	(1)
Carrier Transport Equations	103	(1)
Summary	104	(3)
Problems	104	(3)
Applications of Semiconductors
Introduction	107	(1)
Diodes	107	(13)
The p--n Junction	107	(9)
Schottky Barrier	116	(1)
Heterojunctions	117	(3)
Transistors	120	(4)
Bipolar Junction Transistors	120	(2)
Field Effect Transistors	122	(2)
Integrated Circuits	124	(1)
Light Emitting and Detecting Devices	125	(8)
Light Emitting Devices	125	(4)
Light Detecting Devices	129	(4)
Summary	133	(2)
Problems	134	(1)
Types of Semiconductors
Introduction (Semiconductor Growth and Processing)	135	(7)
Elemental Semiconductors	142	(2)
Compound Semiconductors	144	(4)
III--V Compounds	144	(2)
II--VI Compounds	146	(1)
IV--VI Compounds	147	(1)
I--III--VI2 (Chalcopyrite) Compounds	147	(1)
Layered Compounds	148	(1)
Narrow Energy-Gap Semiconductors	148	(1)
Wide Energy-Gap Semiconductors	149	(3)
Oxide Semiconductors	152	(1)
Magnetic Semiconductors	153	(1)
Polycrystalline Semiconductors	154	(1)
Amorphous Semiconductors	154	(3)
Organic Semiconductors	157	(1)
Low-dimensional Semiconductors	158	(9)
Choices of Semiconductors for Specific Applications	167	(1)
Summary	168	(3)
Problems	170	(1)
Characterization of Semiconductors
Introduction	171	(4)
Electrical Characterization	175	(7)
Resistivity (Conductivity) and the Hall Effect	175	(3)
Capacitance-Voltage Measurements	178	(2)
Photoconductivity	180	(2)
Optical Characterization Methods	182	(7)
Optical Absorption	183	(1)
Photoluminescence	184	(3)
Raman Spectroscopy	187	(1)
Ellipsometry	188	(1)
Optical Modulation Techniques	189	(1)
Microscopy Techniques	189	(14)
Optical Microscopy	190	(1)
Electron Beam Techniques	191	(7)
Scanning Probe Microscopy	198	(5)
Structural Analysis	203	(2)
X-ray Diffraction	203	(1)
Electron Diffraction	204	(1)
Structural Analysis of Surfaces	205	(1)
Surface Analysis Methods	205	(10)
Auger Electron Spectroscopy	206	(1)
Photoelectron Spectroscopy	207	(1)
Ion-Beam Techniques	208	(5)
Comparison of Surface Analytical Techniques	213	(2)
Summary	215	(2)
Problems	215	(2)
Appendices	217	(2)
Bibliography	219	(4)
Index	223