Sequence for Academic Writing, A

by Behrens, Laurence; Rosen, Leonard J.; Beedles, Bonnie

• ISBN13: 9780321081339
• ISBN10: 0321081331
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Based on the best-selling text, Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, this brief rhetoric focuses on the key academic writing strategiessummary, critique, synthesis, and analysis. Responding to the growing interest in academic writing in first-year composition, this rhetoric focuses on several broad strategies that help students interpret and write about the various kinds of academic texts they'll encounter in college, no matter what discipline they study in.

Table of Contents

Preface for Instructors	xvii
Introduction	xix
Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation	1	(52)
What Is a Summary?	1	(1)
Can a Summary Be Objective?	1	(1)
Using the Summary	2	(1)
The Reading Process	3	(2)
Box: Where Do We Find Written Summaries?	3	(2)
How to Write Summaries	5	(2)
Box: Critical Reading for Summary	6	(1)
Box: Guidelines for Writing Summaries	7	(1)
Demonstration: Summary	7	(15)
The Future of Love: Kiss Romance Goodbye, It's Time for the Real Thing	8	(3)
Barbara Graham
Read, Reread, Underline	11	(1)
Divide into Stages of Thought	12	(1)
Write a One- or Two-Sentence Summary of Each Stage of Thought	13	(2)
Write a Thesis: A One- or Two-Sentence Summary of the Entire Passage	15	(2)
Write the First Draft of the Summary	17	(1)
Summary 1: Combine Thesis Sentence with One-Sentence Section Summaries	17	(1)
Discussion	18	(1)
Summary 2: Combine Thesis Sentence, Section Summaries, and Carefully Chosen Details	18	(2)
Discussion	20	(1)
Exercise 1.1: Individual and Collaborative Summary Practice	21	(1)
Summarizing a Narrative or Personal Essay	22	(6)
Why I Will Never Have a Girlfriend	23	(4)
Tristan Miller
Box: How to Summarize Personal Essays and Narratives	27	(1)
Summarizing Figures and Tables	28	(5)
Exercise 1.2: Summarizing Charts	30	(3)
Paraphrase	33	(5)
Box: How to Write Paraphrases	34	(4)
Exercise 1.3: Summarizing and Paraphrasing	38	(1)
Quotations	38	(10)
Choosing Quotations	39	(1)
Box: When to Quote	39	(1)
Quoting Memorable Language	39	(1)
Quoting Clear and Concise Language	40	(1)
Quoting Authoritative Language	41	(2)
Incorporating Quotations Into Your Sentences	43	(1)
Quoting Only the Part of a Sentence or Paragraph that You Need	43	(1)
Incorporating the Quotation into the Flow of Your Own Sentence	43	(1)
Avoiding Freestanding Quotations	44	(1)
Exercise 1.4: Incorporating Quotations	45	(1)
Using Ellipsis Marks	45	(1)
Using Brackets to Add or Substitute Words	46	(2)
Exercise 1.5: Using Brackets	48	(1)
Writing Assignment: Summary	48	(5)
Box: When to Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote	49	(1)
Body Body Double: Cloning Infants a Distant Fantasy	49	(4)
Alexander M. Capron
Critical Reading and Critique	53	(38)
Critical Reading	53	(15)
Question Category 1: What Is the Author's Purpose in Writing? Does He or She Succeed in This Purpose?	53	(1)
Box: Where Do We Find Written Critiques?	54	(1)
Writing to Inform	54	(1)
Evaluating Informative Writing	55	(1)
Writing to Persuade	56	(1)
Exercise 2.1: Informative and Persuasive Thesis Statements	56	(1)
Evaluating Persuasive Writing	57	(1)
A Simple One-Step Plan to Solve the Education Crisis	57	(2)
J. Morton Davis
Exercise 2.2: Critical Reading Practice	59	(1)
Persuasive Strategies	59	(1)
Logical Argumentation: Avoiding Logical Fallacies	60	(1)
Box: Tone	61	(4)
Exercise 2.3: Understanding Logical Fallacies	65	(1)
Writing To Entertain	65	(1)
Question Category 2: To What Extent Do You Agree or Disagree With the Author?	65	(1)
Identify Points of Agreement and Disagreement	66	(1)
Exercise 2.4: Exploring Your Viewpoints	66	(1)
Explore the Reasons for Agreement and Disagreement: Evaluate Assumptions	66	(2)
Critique	68	(1)
How to Write Critiques	69	(1)
Demonstration: Critique	69	(6)
Box: Guidelines for Writing Critiques	70	(1)
Model Essay: A Critique of J. Morton Davis's Open Letter to the President and Congress	71	(3)
Exercise 2.5: Informal Critique of Model Essay	74	(1)
Discussion	75	(1)
Writing Assignment: Critique	75	(16)
Box: Critical Reading for Critique	76	(1)
An Avenue to High Academic Standards	77	(3)
Lynn Olson
Related Links--an online discussion of issues raised in Olson's essay	80	(3)
School-to-Work Will Train, Not Educate	83	(2)
Phyllis Schlafly
Related Links--an online discussion of issues raised in Schlafly's essay	85	(6)
Writing as a Process: Steps to Writing Theses, Introductions, and Conclusions	91	(44)
Writing as a Thinking Process	91	(1)
Stages of the Writing Process	92	(1)
Getting Started	92	(9)
Stage 1: Data Gathering	92	(1)
Understanding the Assignment	92	(1)
Exercise 3.1: Assignment Analysis	93	(1)
Types of Data	93	(1)
Primary and Secondary Sources	94	(1)
Stage 2: Invention	94	(1)
Choosing and Narrowing Your Subjects	94	(2)
Exercise 3.2: Practice Narrowing Subjects	96	(1)
Common Misconceptions About Writing	96	(1)
Writing and Thinking	97	(1)
Box: Invention Strategies	98	(2)
Time Management	100	(1)
Exercise 3.3: Practicing Invention Strategies	101	(1)
Writing the Essay	101	(19)
Stage 3: Drafting	101	(1)
Writing a Thesis	102	(1)
The Components of a Thesis	102	(1)
Limiting the Scope of the Thesis	103	(1)
Start With a Working Thesis	103	(1)
Make an Assertion	104	(1)
Using the Thesis to Plan Your Essay Structure	105	(1)
Using the Thesis	106	(1)
Exercise 3.4: Drafting Thesis Statements	107	(1)
Writing Introductions	107	(1)
Quotation	108	(1)
Historical Review	108	(1)
Review of a Controversy	109	(1)
From the General to the Specific	110	(1)
From the Specific to the General: Anecdote, Illustration	110	(1)
Question	111	(1)
Statement of Thesis	112	(1)
Exercise 3.5: Drafting Introductions	113	(1)
Writing Conclusions	113	(1)
Statement of the Subject's Significance	114	(1)
Call for Further Research	114	(1)
Solution/Recommendation	115	(1)
Anecdote	116	(1)
Quotation	117	(1)
Question	118	(1)
Speculation	119	(1)
Exercise 3.6: Drafting Conclusions	120	(1)
Revising the Essay	120	(8)
Stage 4: Revision	120	(1)
The Reverse Outline	121	(1)
Box: Characteristics of Good Papers	122	(1)
Stage 5: Editing	123	(1)
Editing for Style	124	(1)
Editing for Correctness	125	(1)
Box: Common Sentence-Level Errors	126	(1)
Spell-Check and Grammar-Check	126	(1)
Stage 6: Publication	127	(1)
Demonstration: The Process of Writing a Critique	128	(7)
Explanatory Synthesis	135	(42)
What is a Synthesis?	135	(1)
Box: Where Do We Find Written Syntheses?	136	(1)
Purpose	136	(1)
Using Your Sources	137	(1)
Types of Syntheses: Explanatory and Argument	138	(2)
How to Write Syntheses	140	(1)
The Explanatory Synthesis	140	(1)
Demonstration: Explanatory Synthesis--Computers, Communication, and Relationships	141	(23)
Exercise 4.1: Exploring the Topic	141	(1)
Box: Guidelines for Writing Syntheses?	142	(1)
Cyberspace: A New Frontier for Fighting Words	143	(1)
Sanjiv N. Singh
Social Relationships in Electronic Forums: Hangouts, Salons, Workplaces and Communities	144	(1)
Rob Kling
from Signs of Life in the USA	145	(1)
Sonia Maasik
Jack Solomon
Life At High-Tech U	145	(1)
Deborah Branscum
Developing Personal and Emotional Relationships Via Computer-Mediated Communication	146	(1)
Brittney G. Chenault
Cyberspace Romances: Interview with Jean-Francois Perreault of Branchez-vous	146	(1)
John Suler
Click Here for Romance	147	(1)
Jennifer Wolcott
You've Got Romance! Seeking Love Online: Net-Based Services Change the Landscape, If Not the Odds, of Finding the Perfect Mate	148	(1)
Bonnie Rothman Morris
Consider Your Purpose	149	(1)
Exercise 4.2: Critical Reading for Synthesis	149	(1)
Formulate a Thesis	150	(1)
Decide How You Will Use Your Source Material	151	(1)
Develop an Organizational Plan	151	(3)
Write the Topic Sentences	154	(1)
Write Your Synthesis	155	(1)
Model Essay: Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Mediated Communication	155	(1)
Alyssa Mellott
Discussion and Suggestions for Revision	155	(5)
Exercise 4.3: Revising the Synthesis	160	(1)
Revised Model Essay: Computer Mediated Communication: New and Improved Human Relations or the End of Real Interaction?	160	(4)
Alyssa Mellott
Writing Assignment: An Expanded Explanatory Synthesis Drawing Upon More Sources	164	(13)
Exercise 4.4: Exploring Internet Sources	164	(1)
Will We Ever Log Off?	164	(1)
Robert Wright
Box: Critical Reading for Synthesis	165	(1)
Lonesome Internet Blues, Take 2	166	(2)
Scott Rosenberg
Making Clones Among Us	168	(1)
Bob Gunn
The Net: It's the Unreal Thing	169	(1)
Gil Schwartz
Cyber Time: Living by the Credo `Boot up, Log on and Connect,' University Students are Mounting a Techno-Revolution	170	(1)
Joe Chidley
10% of Students May Spend Too Much Time Online, Study Suggests	171	(2)
Leo Reisberg
Romance on the Net	173	(2)
Ruth C. Eggett
Exercise 4.5: Exploring Primary Sources on the Internet	175	(1)
Dear Ann Landers	175	(1)
Ann Landers
Exercise 4.6: Summary Statements	176	(1)
Argument Synthesis	177	(50)
The Argument Synthesis	177	(7)
The Elements of Argument: Claim, Support, and Assumption	178	(1)
Exercise 5.1: Practicing Claim, Support, and Assumption	179	(1)
The Three Appeals of Argument: Logos, Ethos, Pathos	179	(1)
Logos	180	(2)
Exercise 5.2: Using Deductive and Inductive Logic	182	(1)
Ethos	182	(1)
Exercise 5.3: Using Ethos	183	(1)
Pathos	183	(1)
Exercise 5.4: Using Pathos	184	(1)
Demonstration: Developing an Argument Synthesis--The Wal-Mart Controversy	184	(25)
Ban the Bargains	185	(1)
Bob Ortega
Eight Ways to Stop the Store	186	(2)
Albert Norman
Wal-Mart's War on Main Street	188	(2)
Sarah Anderson
Who's Really the Villain?	190	(3)
Jo-Ann Johnston
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Hoover's Handbook of American Business	193	(4)
Victorious Secret	197	(1)
Albert Norman
Shopping with the Enemy The Economist	198	(1)
Exercise 5.5: Critical Reading for Synthesis	199	(1)
Consider Your Purpose	200	(1)
Making a Claim: Formulate a Thesis	200	(1)
Decide How You Will Use Your Source Material	201	(1)
Develop an Organizational Plan	201	(1)
Argument Strategy	202	(1)
Draft and Revise Your Synthesis	203	(1)
Model Essay: A Vote for Wal-Mart	203	(3)
Discussion	206	(3)
Developing and Organizing the Support for Your Arguments	209	(3)
Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote Supporting Evidence	209	(1)
Provide Various Types of Evidence and Motivational Appeals	210	(1)
Use Climactic Order	210	(1)
Use Logical or Conventional Order	210	(1)
Present and Respond to Counterarguments	211	(1)
Use Concession	211	(1)
Avoid Common Fallacies in Developing and Using Support	212	(1)
Exercise 5.6: Practicing Arguments	212	(1)
The Comparison-and-Contrast Synthesis	212	(13)
Organizing Comparison-and-Contrast Syntheses	213	(1)
Exercise 5.7: Comparing and Contrasting	214	(1)
A Case for Comparison-Contrast: Murder or Manslaughter?	214	(1)
Rowland v. State	215	(1)
People v. Ashland	215	(3)
Instructions to the Jury	218	(3)
Comparison-Contrast (Organized by Criteria)	221	(1)
Model Essay: Murder or Manslaugher?	221	(3)
Discussion	224	(1)
Summary	225	(2)
Analysis	227	(38)
What is Analysis?	227	(2)
Box: Where Do We Find Written Analyses?	228	(1)
Analytical Thinking	229	(1)
Analysis of a Text	229	(1)
Box: Guidelines for Writing Analyses	230	(1)
Demonstration 1: Analyzing a Short Poem	230	(7)
Read the Object under Analysis	230	(1)
Wild Nights! Wild Nights!	231	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Reread, Make Notes, Look Up Words	232	(1)
Take the Work Apart	232	(2)
Put the Work Back Together	234	(1)
Draft a Preliminary Thesis	234	(1)
What, How, and Why	234	(1)
Exercise 6.1: Planning a Textual Analysis	235	(1)
Multiple Interpretations	236	(1)
Exercise 6.2: Practicing Poetry Analysis	236	(1)
Kitchenette Building	237	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
Analyzing Visual Media	237	(3)
Parody Ad: A Spoof on Mood-Enhancing Drugs	238	(1)
Exercise 6.3: Analyzing an Advertisement	239	(1)
Theory as a Tool for Analysis	240	(1)
What Is Theory?	241	(3)
Theory in the Sciences: The Scientific Method	241	(1)
Exercise 6.4: Exploring Theories	242	(1)
Theory in the Social Sciences and Humanities	242	(2)
How to Apply Theory in Analysis Papers	244	(1)
Box: Critical Reading for Analysis	245	(1)
Demonstration 2: Applying a Theory to a Particular Phenomenon	245	(14)
from Democracy in America	246	(3)
Alexis De Tocqueville
Exercise 6.5: Critical Reading of de Tocqueville	249	(1)
Applying de Tocqueville's Perspective	249	(1)
Exercise 6.6: Practice Applying de Tocqueville's Perspective	250	(1)
Choose a Topic	250	(1)
Brainstorm	250	(1)
Critical Reading and Summary	251	(1)
Freewrite	251	(2)
Draft a Thesis	253	(1)
Write an Outline	254	(1)
Write the Analysis	255	(1)
Model Essay: Youth and Polorics: The Generation that Doesn't Care	255	(4)
Lauren Stocks
Discussion	259	(1)
Writing Assignment: Analysis Paper	259	(6)
from Identity: Youth and Crisis	260	(1)
Erik H. Erikson
The Dissolution of the Self	261	(4)
Kenneth J. Gergen
Research	265	(62)
Going Beyond this Text	265	(1)
Research Papers in the Academic Disciplines	265	(4)
Box: Where Do We Find Written Research?	266	(2)
Box: Writing the Research Paper	268	(1)
Finding a Subject	269	(1)
The Research Question	270	(1)
Exercise 7.1: Constructing Research Questions	270	(1)
Preliminary Research	270	(5)
Box: How to Find Preliminary Sources and Narrow the Subject	271	(1)
Consulting Knowledgeable People	271	(1)
Encyclopedias	272	(1)
Exercise 7.2: Exploring Specialized Encyclopedias	273	(1)
Overviews and Bibliographies in Recent Books	273	(1)
Bibliographic Index	274	(1)
Subject-Heading Guides	274	(1)
Focused Research	275	(15)
Books	275	(1)
Book Review Digest	275	(1)
Electronic Databases	275	(2)
Exercise 7.3: Exploring Electronic Sources	277	(1)
The Benefits and Pitfalls of the World Wide Web	277	(1)
Box: Using Keywords and Boolean Logic to Refine Online Searches	278	(3)
Evaluating Web Sources	281	(1)
Exercise 7.4: Practice Evaluating Web Sources	282	(1)
Periodicals: General	283	(1)
Magazines	283	(1)
Newspapers	283	(1)
Periodicals: Specialized	284	(1)
Journal Articles	284	(2)
Exercise 7.5: Exploring Specialized Periodicals	286	(1)
Biographical Indexes	286	(1)
Dictionaries	287	(1)
Other Sources/Government Publications	288	(1)
Box: Critical Reading for Research	289	(1)
Interviews and Surveys	289	(1)
From Research to Working Thesis	290	(2)
The Working Bibliography	292	(1)
Evaluating Sources	293	(1)
Box: Guidelines for Evaluating Sources	293	(1)
Note-Taking	294	(1)
Invention Strategies	295	(1)
Brainstorming without Your Notes	295	(1)
Brainstorming with Your Notes	296	(1)
Arranging Your Notes: The Outline	296	(3)
Writing the Draft	299	(2)
Avoiding Plagiarism	301	(1)
Box: Rules for Avoiding Plagiarism	301	(1)
Citing Sources	302	(3)
In-Text Citation	303	(1)
Box: Types of Citations	303	(1)
Content Notes	303	(1)
Full Citations	304	(1)
MLA Style	305	(10)
In-Text Citation	305	(2)
In-Text Citation of Electronic Sources (MLA)	307	(1)
Examples of MLA Citations in Works Cited List	307	(1)
Books (MLA)	307	(3)
Periodicals (MLA)	310	(1)
Other Sources (MLA)	311	(1)
Electronic Sources (MLA)	312	(3)
APA Style	315	(10)
In-Text Citation	315	(2)
In-Text Citation of Electronic Sources (APA)	317	(1)
Examples of APA Citations in References List	318	(1)
Books (APA)	318	(2)
Periodicals (APA)	320	(1)
Other Sources (APA)	321	(1)
Electronic Sources (APA)	322	(3)
Writing Assignment: Short Research Paper	325	(2)
Credits	327	(4)
Index	331