The Settlement of Disputes in International Law Institutions and Procedures

by Collier, John; Lowe, Vaughan

• ISBN13: 9780198299271
• ISBN10: 0198299273
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-27
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This book surveys the range of procedures for the settlement of international disputes, whether the disputes arise between States or between States and corporations or individuals. It examines non-judicial procedures such as negotiation, mediation, fact-finding, as well as judicial procedures. The emerging principles of procedural law applied in these tribunals are also discussed.

Author Biography

John Collier is a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge and a practicing international lawyer
Vaughan Lowe is Reader in International Law, Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and a practicing international lawyer

Table of Contents

Table of Abbreviations	xiii
Table of Cases	xvii
Introduction	1	(18)
Conflict, disputes and the Law	1	(4)
The range of dispute settlement procedures	5	(5)
Justiciability	10	(9)
PART ONE: INSTITUTIONS
Methods of Settlement of Disputes: The Basic Framework	19	(26)
Introduction	19	(1)
Negotiation	20	(4)
Inquiry and fact finding	24	(3)
Mediation and good offices	27	(2)
Conciliation	29	(2)
Arbitration	31	(8)
The Permanent Court Arbitration	35	(3)
The use of arbitration in recent times	38	(1)
Dispute Settlement Mechanisms and other developments	39	(2)
New directions? Iraq and the UN Compensation Commission	41	(4)
International Commercial Arbitration	45	(14)
Introduction	45	(1)
Arbitration rules	46	(5)
The ICC Rules	47	(3)
The UNCITRAL Rules	50	(1)
National arbitration laws	51	(3)
The UNCITRAL Model Law	53	(1)
International agreements on arbitration	54	(4)
Concluding remarks	58	(1)
Mixed Arbitrations	59	(25)
The International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)	59	(14)
The ICSID framework	60	(1)
Organs	60	(1)
Jurisdiction	61	(1)
Submission to ICSID jurisdiction	62	(2)
Parties to disputes	64	(4)
ICSID procedure	68	(1)
Conciliation	68	(1)
Arbitration	69	(4)
Enforcement of ICSID awards	73	(1)
The Iran-US Claims Tribunal	73	(11)
The Hostages Crisis	74	(1)
The Algiers Accords	75	(1)
The Iran-US Claims Tribunal	76	(1)
Claims of nationals	77	(4)
Official claims	81	(1)
Interpretative cases	81	(1)
Applicable law	82	(1)
Enforcement of Iran-US Claims Tribunal Awards	82	(2)
Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea	84	(12)
Introduction	84	(3)
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea	87	(3)
The International Court of Justice	90	(1)
Annex VII arbitral tribunals	90	(1)
Annex VIII special arbitral tribunals	91	(1)
General provisions	92	(4)
The Settlement of International Economic Disputes	96	(28)
The GATT and WTO systems	96	(8)
The GATT system	96	(3)
The WTO system	99	(5)
Regional trade dispute settlement systems	104	(13)
The EU system	105	(2)
COMESA---the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa	107	(2)
ECOWAS---the Economic Community of West African States	109	(1)
Other African economic organisations	110	(1)
NAFTA---the North American Free Trade Agreement	111	(5)
Mercosur---Mercado Comun del Sur/the Southern Common Market	116	(1)
International financial disputes	117	(6)
The IMF	117	(2)
The World Bank	119	(2)
The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)	121	(2)
Concluding remarks	123	(1)
The International Court of Justice	124	(65)
Participation	125	(1)
Composition of the Court and election of judges: Dismissal	126	(1)
Sittings: Chambers	127	(2)
Disqualification of judges	129	(1)
Ad hoc judges	130	(1)
President; Vice-President; Registrar; Seat	131	(1)
Competence and jurisdiction in contentious cases	132	(23)
All cases which the parties refer to the Court	133	(2)
Matters specially provided for in the UN Charter	135	(1)
Forum prorogatum	136	(1)
Treaties or conventions in force	137	(2)
`Transferred' jurisdiction	139	(1)
The Optional Clause	140	(1)
The character of the relationships created by a declaration	140	(1)
Reservations	141	(2)
Domestic jurisdiction	143	(1)
`Automatic' reservations	143	(3)
Limitation of jurisdiction to certain categories of case	146	(1)
Time limitations	146	(2)
`Multilateral treaty' reservations	148	(1)
Resort to other means of peaceful settlement	149	(1)
Condition of reciprocity	150	(2)
Withdrawal or termination of declaration	152	(1)
Variation of the terms of a declaration	153	(1)
`Transferred declarations	153	(1)
The Optional Clause: Summary	154	(1)
Admissibility	155	(7)
Hypothetical nature of the case	156	(1)
The case has become `moot'	157	(1)
Lack of interest in the subject matter	157	(1)
Legal interest of a third State	158	(3)
Other examples	161	(1)
Intervention	162	(6)
Construction of a convention	163	(1)
An interest of a legal nature	164	(4)
Interim (provisional) measures of protection	168	(7)
Jurisdiction	169	(2)
The exercise of discretion	171	(2)
The scope of interim measures	173	(1)
Relationship to the claim on the merits	174	(1)
Enforcement of interim measures	174	(1)
Procedure of the Court	175	(2)
Effect of judgments	177	(1)
Enforcement of judgments	178	(1)
Interpretation and revision of judgments	179	(1)
Non-appearance	180	(2)
Advisory Opinions	182	(7)
PART TWO: PROCEDURE
The Arbitral Process	189	(202)
Introduction	190	(1)
Admissibility	191	(7)
Nationality of claims	191	(4)
Exhaustion of local remedies	195	(3)
Submission to jurisdiction	198	(9)
Written agreement	200	(1)
Existing or future differences	201	(1)
Defined legal relationship	202	(1)
Arbitrability	202	(2)
Capacity	204	(2)
Validity	206	(1)
Who is covered by the arbitration agreement?	207	(1)
Third parties: Intervention and joinder	208	(2)
Contents of the arbitration agreement	210	(2)
Arbitration clauses and submission agreements	212	(1)
The autonomy of the arbitration clause	212	(4)
Refusal to arbitrate and the denial of justice	216	(2)
Establishment and procedure of arbitral tribunals	218	(5)
Time limits	218	(1)
Appointment of arbitrators	219	(3)
Challenge to and disqualification of arbitrators	222	(1)
Powers and duties of arbitrators	223	(2)
The authority of truncated tribunals	225	(2)
Challenges to the tribunal's jurisdiction	227	(2)
Lex arbitri	229	(3)
Delocalisation	232	(3)
Procedure	235	(4)
Applicable law	239	(9)
Remedies	248	(5)
Interim measures	248	(2)
Final remedies	250	(3)
The award	253	(4)
Challenges to awards	257	(4)
Effects of the award	261	(2)
Enforcement of judgments and awards	263	(16)
The New York Convention	266	(4)
State immunity	270	(9)
APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Manila Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes	279	(6)
Appendix 2. Hague Convention on the Pacific Settlement of Disputes, 1907	285	(17)
Appendix 3. ICSID Convention	302	(17)
Appendix 4. UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules	319	(15)
Appendix 5. UNCITRAL Model Law	334	(12)
Appendix 6. Statute of the International Court of Justice	346	(13)
Appendix 7. Rules of the International Court of Justice	359	(32)
Index	391