Shaders for Game Programmers and Artists

by St-Laurent,Sebastien

• ISBN13: 9781592000920
• ISBN10: 1592000924
• Edition: CD
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-05-13
• Publisher: Cengage Learning Ptr

Summary

"Shaders for Game Programmers and Artists" - the title says it all. This book does something that other shader books don't. It focuses solely on shaders and their creation. You'll use ATI's RenderMonkey platform, giving you an easy-to-use framework for shader development and allowing you to focus your energy on shader development rather than the development of framework applications. Cover simple techniques, from the basics of color filters to more advanced topics, such as depth of field, heat shimmer, and high-dynamic range rendering. Extensive exercises at the end of each chapter allow you to test your skills by expanding upon the shader you've just developed. Whether you are an engineer or a technically minded artist, you've finally found the ideal guide for mastering shaders!

Author Biography

Sebastien St-Laurent has been programming games professionally for several years. He started in the video game industry while studying computer engineering at Sherbrooke University in Sherbrooke, Quebec. He went on to work full time with Z-Axis as lead Xbox engineer. Currently, he is a graphics engineer in the ACES group at Microsoft, Inc.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xxi
PART I FROM THE GROUND UP	1	(64)
Chapter 1 Welcome to the World of Shaders	3	(16)
Prerequisites	5	(1)
Vertex and Pixel Shader Pipelines and Capabilities	6	(6)
Tool Overview	12	(5)
RenderMonkey	12	(1)
Microsoft Texture Tool	13	(1)
NVIDIA Photoshop Plug-In	14	(1)
3D Studio Max	14	(2)
Microsoft Effect Editor	16	(1)
NVIDIA's Cg Toolkit	17	(1)
It's Your Turn!	17	(1)
What's Next?	17	(2)
Chapter 2 The Art of 3D	19	(18)
From the Ground Up	19	(10)
Looking at Our Universe	20	(3)
Translation Matrix	23	(1)
Scale Matrix	23	(1)
Rotation Matrix	24	(1)
Viewing It from a Camera	25	(3)
Under the Hood	28	(1)
3D APIs	29	(6)
OpenGL	30	(1)
DirectX and Direct3D	30	(1)
Which One Is Better?	31	(1)
Hardware Architecture	32	(2)
Shaders	34	(1)
It's Your Turn!	35	(1)
What's Next?	36	(1)
Chapter 3 RenderMonkey Version 1.5	37	(14)
Introduction to RenderMonkey	38	(1)
Our First Look at RenderMonkey	38	(4)
Autopsy of a Shader	42	(8)
It's Your Turn!	50	(1)
What's Next?	50	(1)
Chapter 4 Getting Started, Your First Shaders	51	(14)
Your First Shader	51	(7)
Texturing Your Object	58	(4)
Seeing Double	62	(2)
It's Your Turn!	64	(1)
Exercise 1: ANIMATING A TEXTURE	64	(1)
Exercise 2: BLENDING TWO TEXTURES	64	(1)
What's Next?	64	(1)
PART II SCREEN EFFECTS	65	(88)
Chapter 5 Looking Through a Filter	67	(22)
Rendering to a Sketchpad	67	(8)
Texture Coordinates	71	(3)
Finally Rendering Your Render Target	74	(1)
Don't Adjust Your TV!	75	(5)
Black and White, Like in the Old Times	75	(2)
Generalizations Are Good!	77	(2)
Things Are Not Always Linear	79	(1)
Blurring Things Up	80	(4)
Bring on the Filters	83	(1)
Motion Blur	84	(4)
Building the Motion Blur Shader	86	(2)
It's Your Turn!	88	(1)
Exercise 1: OLD TIME MOVIE	88	(1)
Exercise 2: GAUSS FILTER	88	(1)
What's Next?	88	(1)
Chapter 6 Blurring Things Up	89	(26)
What Is Depth of Field?	90	(3)
It's All About Faking It!	93	(20)
Blurring Things, Take Two	94	(2)
Depth Impostors	96	(5)
A Note About Z-Buffers	101	(1)
Using the Alpha Channel	102	(4)
A Note About Multiple Render Targets	106	(1)
Doing It Twice	107	(4)
What About the Z-Buffer?	111	(1)
Special Considerations	112	(1)
It's Your Turn!	113	(1)
Exercise 1: MULTIPLE IMPOSTORS	113	(1)
Exercise 2: USING A LOOKUP TEXTURE	113	(1)
Exercise 3: USING INTERMEDIATE BLUR TEXTURES TO CREATE A SMOOTHER TRANSITION	114	(1)
What's Next?	114	(1)
Chapter 7 It's Getting Hot in Here	115	(18)
What Is Heat Haze?	115	(3)
Uses for Heat Haze	118	(6)
It's All About Distortion Maps	118	(2)
Putting a Background to Your Shader	120	(4)
Hitting the Pavement	124	(3)
Looking Above the Flame	127	(4)
It's Your Turn!	131	(1)
Exercise 1: YOUR OWN REFRACTION SHADER	132	(1)
Exercise 2: MAKING IT MORE LIVELY	132	(1)
What's Next?	132	(1)
Chapter 8 Making Your Day Brighter	133	(20)
What Is High Dynamic Range?	134	(1)
Glare	134	(1)
Streaks	135	(1)
Lens Flares	135	(1)
A Few HDR Basics	135	(4)
What About Floating-Point Textures?	136	(1)
Exposure Control: The First Step	136	(3)
A Note on Automatic Exposure Control	139	(1)
Time for Some High Dynamic Range Effects	139	(11)
Your First HDR Shader: The Glare!	139	(4)
Time for Some Streaking!	143	(2)
Lens Flare Free-for-All	145	(3)
Putting It All Together	148	(2)
Solutions for Today's Hardware	150	(2)
It's Your Turn!	152	(1)
Exercise 1: USING A BIG FILTER	152	(1)
Exercise 2: STREAKING ON TODAY'S HARDWARE	152	(1)
What's Next?	152	(1)
PART III MAKING IT LOOK REAL	153	(108)
Chapter 9 May There Be Light	155	(24)
Of Light and Magic	155	(7)
What Makes Light in the First Place	156	(6)
Types of Lights	162	(5)
Directional Light	162	(2)
Point Lights	164	(1)
Spot Lights	165	(1)
Area Lights	166	(1)
Let's Get Shading	167	(10)
Ambient Lighting	168	(1)
Diffuse Lighting	169	(2)
Specular Lighting	171	(3)
Putting It Together	174	(3)
It's Your Turn!	177	(1)
Exercise 1: DIRECTION LIGHTS	177	(1)
Exercise 2: ANIMATING LIGHTS	177	(1)
What's Next?	177	(2)
Chapter 10 Shiny Little Pixels	179	(20)
Why Isn't Vertex Lighting Enough?	179	(1)
Basic Pixel Lighting	180	(9)
Diffuse Lighting	181	(3)
Specular Lighting	184	(3)
Putting It All Together	187	(2)
Giving You Goose Bumps	189	(8)
Bumpmapping	190	(1)
Tangent Space	191	(2)
Normal Maps	193	(4)
It's Your Turn!	197	(1)
Exercise 1: DIRECTION LIGHTS	197	(1)
Exercise 2: MULTIPLE LIGHTS	197	(1)
What's Next?	197	(2)
Chapter 11 Mirror, Mirror, On the Wall	199	(16)
From Reflections to Refractions	199	(13)
Reflections	203	(3)
Refraction	206	(3)
Walking Hand in Hand	209	(3)
Building Dynamic Environment Maps	212	(1)
It's Your Turn!	213	(1)
Exercise 1: DOING IT ALL PER-PIXEL	213	(1)
Exercise 2: COLOR-BASED REFRACTION	214	(1)
What's Next?	214	(1)
Chapter 12 Not All Materials Are the Same	215	(14)
BRDFs Are Your Friends	217	(10)
Soft and Velvety	218	(4)
Determining BRDFs	222	(2)
Oren-Nayer Velvet	224	(3)
It's Your Turn!	227	(1)
Exercise 1: USING LOOKUP TEXTURES	227	(1)
Exercise 2: MULTIPLE BRDFs	228	(1)
What's Next?	228	(1)
Chapter 13 Building Materials from Scratch	229	(16)
Turning Up the Noise!	230	(12)
Clouds, Clouds in the Sky	236	(1)
Wood and Marble	237	(3)
Using Noise to Move Things Around	240	(2)
It's Your Turn!	242	(1)
Exercise 1: ANIMATING CLOUDS	242	(1)
Exercise 2: RENDERING STRATA	242	(1)
What's Next?	243	(2)
Chapter 14 Why Does It Always Need to Look Real?	245	(16)
Just Like a Television Cartoon	246	(10)
Outline Rendering	246	(4)
Other Outlining Ideas	250	(2)
Toon Shading	252	(4)
Real-Time Hatching	256	(3)
It's Your Turn!	259	(1)
Exercise 1: DEPTH-BASED OUTLINE	259	(1)
Exercise 2: SILHOUETTE AND TOON SHADING	260	(1)
What's Next?	260	(1)
PART IV ADVANCED TOPICS	261	(80)
Chapter 15 Watch Out for That Morning Fog	263	(18)
The Basics of Fog	263	(2)
Hardware Fog	265	(12)
Not Just Your Everyday Fog	269	(2)
Giving Your Fog a Little Depth	271	(6)
Rendering the Atmosphere	277	(2)
It's Your Turn!	279	(1)
Exercise 1: ROUND FOG	279	(1)
What's Next?	279	(2)
Chapter 16 Moving Objects Around	281	(10)
Light, Camera, Action!	281	(9)
Object Metamorphosis	283	(4)
Of Skin and Bones	287	(3)
It's Your Turn!	290	(1)
What's Next?	290	(1)
Chapter 17 Advanced Lighting	291	(18)
Outdoor Scene Lighting	292	(5)
Some General Approaches	292	(2)
Hemisphere Lighting Model	294	(3)
Polynomial Texture Maps	297	(4)
Combining BRDF and Bumpmapping	297	(2)
Building the Shader	299	(2)
Spherical Harmonics	301	(5)
The Basic Idea	302	(2)
Lighting with Spherical Harmonics	304	(2)
It's Your Turn!	306	(1)
Exercise 1: PER-PIXEL SPHERICAL HARMONICS	306	(1)
What's Next?	306	(3)
Chapter 18 Shadowing	309	(18)
The Basics of Shadows	310	(2)
Shadow Mapping	312	(8)
Shadow Volumes	320	(5)
Taking Advantage of the Hardware	323	(2)
It's Your Turn!	325	(1)
Exercise 1: SOFT SHADOW MAPPING	325	(1)
What's Next?	326	(1)
Chapter 19 Geometry Tricks	327	(14)
Level of Detail	328	(8)
Static LOD	328	(3)
Progressive LOD	331	(3)
Re-Creating Lost Details	334	(2)
Displacement Mapping	336	(1)
It's Your Turn!	337	(1)
Summary	337	(1)
What's Next?	338	(3)
PART V APPENDIXES	341	(126)
Appendix A High-Level Shader Language Reference	343	(36)
Data Types	344	(3)
Scalar Types	344	(1)
Vector Types	344	(1)
Matrix Types	345	(1)
Structure Types	346	(1)
Predefined Types	346	(1)
Typecasts	347	(1)
Variables	348	(1)
Statements	349	(1)
Expressions	349	(1)
Functions	349	(30)
User-Defined Functions	351	(1)
Built-In Functions	352	(27)
Appendix B RenderMonkey Version 1.5 User Manual	379	(24)
Installation	380	(1)
Requirements	380	(1)
Installing RenderMonkey	381	(1)
Using RenderMonkey	381	(20)
Application Toolbar	381	(1)
Application Menu	382	(3)
Workspace View	385	(9)
Application Preferences	394	(1)
Modules	395	(6)
Where Do We Go from Here?	401	(2)
Appendix C What's on the CD	403	(4)
Source Code	403	(1)
RenderMonkey	404	(1)
High Resolution Illustrations	404	(1)
DirectX 9.0 SDK	404	(1)
NVIDIA Texture Library	404	(1)
NVIDIA Photoshop Plug-In	405	(2)
Appendix D Exercise Solutions	407	(44)
Appendix E Shader Library	451	(16)
Basic Components	451	(2)
Object Transformation and Projection	451	(1)
Basic Texturing	452	(1)
Color Modulation	452	(1)
Depth Encoding and Decoding	452	(1)
Screen Effects	453	(4)
Rendering to a Full Screen Quad	453	(1)
Color Matrix	454	(1)
Basic Filtering Pixel Shader	454	(1)
Box Blur Filter	455	(1)
Gauss Blur Filter	455	(1)
Edge Detection Filter	456	(1)
Lighting	457	(1)
Diffuse Lighting	457	(1)
Specular Lighting	457	(1)
Tangent Space Lighting	458	(4)
Per-Pixel Bumpmapping	459	(1)
Polynomial Texture Mapping	460	(1)
Spherical Harmonics	461	(1)
Reflection and Refraction	462	(1)
Reflection	462	(1)
Refraction	462	(1)
Materials	462	(5)
Velvet	463	(1)
Oren-Nayer Lighting	463	(1)
Basic Perlin Noise	464	(1)
Marble and Wood Noise Materials	465	(2)
Index	467