In the Shadow of the Temple

by Skarsaune, Oskar

• ISBN13: 9780830826704
• ISBN10: 083082670X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-04-01
• Publisher: Intervarsity Pr

Summary

Oskar Skarsaune offers us fascinating snapshots and analyses of the interactions, arguments and shaping influences of Judaism on the life, creed and practices of the church.

Author Biography

Oskar Skarsaune is professor of church history at Norwegian Lutheran School of Theology, Oslo, Norway.

Table of Contents

Introduction	13	(3)
A Note on Abbreviations and References
General Literature	16	(3)
Translations of Sources	19	(4)
PART 1 The Mother Soil: Judaism from the Maccabees to the Rabbis
The Cultural Dimension: Judaism & Hellenism	23	(24)
Introduction: The Maccabean Revolt	24	(3)
Alexander the Great and the Triumph of Hellenism	27	(3)
The Hellenistic City: The Polis	30	(3)
Hellenism in Israel	33	(2)
A New Conception of the Torah	35	(4)
The Concept of Judaism	39	(1)
Greek in Israel	40	(2)
Active Dissemination of Judaism and Christianity	42	(1)
Postscript	43	(1)
Temple Square	44	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	44	(3)
The Political Dimension: Jews & the Roman Empire	47	(20)
The End of the Hasmonean Dynasty and the Beginning of Roman Rule	47	(5)
The Bar Kokhba Revolt	52	(2)
The Tension Between Jews and Romans	54	(5)
The Legal Position of Jewish and Gentile Believers	59	(5)
Epilogue	64	(1)
Temple Square	64	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	65	(2)
The Geographical Dimension: The Land of Israel & the Diaspora	67	(20)
The Diaspora	67	(1)
The Land of Israel	68	(1)
The Galilee	69	(4)
Jerusalem: The Capital of All Jews	73	(2)
``Palestinian'' Judaism and ``Hellenistic'' Judaism?	75	(4)
The Geography of Synagogue and Church	79	(4)
Temple Square	83	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	84	(3)
Jerusalem: The City of the Temple	87	(16)
Was Jerusalem Relevant?	88	(1)
The Temple and the Pilgrimages	88	(3)
The Temple: The Financial Significance	91	(2)
The Temple: The Religious Significance	93	(5)
The Chief Priests, the Priests and the Levites	98	(3)
Temple Square	101	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	102	(1)
How Many ``Judaisms''?	103	(32)
Introduction: ``Give me Jabne!''	103	(5)
The Priestly Elite	108	(1)
Priestly Judaism: The Sadducees	109	(3)
Priestly Judaism: The Community at Qumran and the Essenes	112	(1)
The Community at Qumran	112	(3)
The Essenes	115	(2)
Priestly Judaism for Laypeople: The Pharisees	117	(6)
Judaism Apart from the Temple: The Synagogue	123	(3)
Nationalistic Judaism: The Zealots	126	(2)
Temple Square	128	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	129	(6)
PART 2 Christian Beginnings: From Jewish Party to Gentile Church
Jesus Within Judaism	135	(12)
``The Old Quest''	136	(1)
``The New Quest''	137	(2)
``The Third Quest'': A Jewish Quest	139	(2)
Jesus and the Hope of Israel	141	(6)
Temple Square	142	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	143	(4)
The Early Jerusalem Community of Believers in Jesus	147	(18)
The Importance of Jerusalem to the Early Church	147	(2)
Conflict in the Temple; Sympathy from the People	149	(3)
Increased Conflict: The ``Hellenists''	152	(3)
The First Believers' View of the Temple	155	(5)
What About the Torah?	160	(5)
Temple Square	162	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	162	(3)
The Mission to the Gentiles & the Question of the Torah	165	(14)
Problems?	165	(2)
The Role of Paul and the Apostolic Council	167	(4)
The Mission to the God-Fearing Gentiles	171	(4)
The Reaction of the Roman Authorities	175	(4)
Temple Square	177	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	178	(1)
The Land of Israel: The Church of Jewish Believers	179	(30)
Internal Diversity	179	(2)
The Sources	181	(2)
Jewish Believers in the Land of Israel (I): The Archaeology of Holy Places	183	(9)
Jerusalem: The Holy Sepulchre	183	(2)
Jerusalem: A Community Center on Mount Zion?	185	(6)
Capernaum: The House of Peter?	191	(1)
Nazareth	191	(1)
Jewish Believers in the Land of Israel (II): Literary Evidence	192	(10)
The Relatives of Jesus	192	(3)
Eusebius's List of Jewish Christian ``Bishops''	195	(2)
The Rabbis and the Minim	197	(4)
Bar Kokhba and the Jewish Believers	201	(1)
The Nazarenes	202	(1)
The Ebionites	203	(2)
Temple Square	205	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	206	(3)
The Diaspora: The Church of Jews & Gentiles	209	(16)
The Apostolic Fathers	209	(12)
1 Clement	210	(2)
Didache	212	(2)
Ignatius	214	(4)
Barnabas	218	(3)
Concluding Remarks: The Jewish Believers as the Theological Teachers of Gentile Christianity	221	(2)
Temple Square	223	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	223	(2)
Encounter with Paganism--& the Jewish Heritage	225	(18)
Introduction	225	(3)
Conversion in Judaism and Christianity	228	(2)
The Apologists	230	(5)
The Martyrs of Lyons	235	(6)
Temple Square	241
Suggestions for Further Reading	240	(3)
Orthodoxy & Heresy: The Challenge from Gnosticism & Marcion	243	(16)
The Basic Definition of Heresy	243	(3)
The Fundamentals of Gnostic Doctrine	246	(1)
Gnosticism and Christianity	247	(2)
The Origins of Gnosticism	249	(2)
Gnostic Elitism	251	(3)
Marcion	254	(2)
Conclusion: Heresy and Orthodoxy	256	(1)
Temple Square	257	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	258	(1)
Elder & Younger Brothers: The Second-Century Debate with Judaism	259	(20)
Introduction: The Bitterness of Family Strife	260	(1)
From Jewish Self-Criticism to Anti-Jewish Slogans	261	(4)
The Assertiveness of the Younger Brother	265	(4)
Justin's Dialogue with Trypho	269	(5)
Temple Square	274	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	274	(5)
PART 3 The Persistence of the Jewish Heritage: Faith & Order in the Early Church
Which Books Belong in the Bible? The Question of Canon	279	(22)
What Is ``Scripture''?	280	(2)
The Old Testament Canon in Judaism and the Early Church	282	(3)
Delimiting the Hebrew Canon	285	(6)
The Old Testament Apocrypha	291	(2)
The New Testament as Canon	293	(1)
Delimiting the New Testament Canon	294	(4)
Temple Square	298	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	298	(3)
Christology in the Making (I): The Messiah	301	(18)
Jesus: The Messiah?	301	(4)
The Messianic Task	305	(7)
Confessing Belief in the Messiah: The Apostolic Creed	312	(6)
Suggestions for Further Reading	318	(1)
Christology in the Making (II): The Incarnate Word	319	(20)
Eastern and Western Christology	319	(3)
Eastern Christology: Hellenistic?	322	(3)
Wisdom Incarnate	325	(5)
Jesus and Wisdom/Torah	330	(3)
The Father and the Son	333	(4)
Temple Square	337	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	337	(2)
The Creative Spirit	339	(14)
From Spirit to Organization?	339	(2)
The Spirit Who Creates	341	(4)
Spirit, Eucharist and Ministry	345	(2)
Charismatic Gifts	347	(4)
Temple Square	351	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	351	(2)
Conversion, Baptism & New Life	353	(24)
Conversion and Baptism in the Early Community: The Double Background	354	(3)
Jewish and Christian Baptism	357	(2)
Jewish and Christian Rituals of Conversion	359	(12)
Pre-Baptismal Instruction	360	(3)
Fasting, Prayer and Exorcism	363	(1)
Renouncing the Devil, Confessing Faith	363	(2)
The ``Living Water'' of Baptism	365	(1)
Going Down, Coming Up''	366	(2)
Undressing and Dressing Anew	368	(1)
Post-Baptismal Anointing	368	(3)
The Baptismal Eucharist	371	(1)
The Season for Baptism	371	(2)
Baptism, Spirit and New Life	373	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	374	(3)
Worship & Calendar: The Christian Week and Year	377	(22)
Freedom and Order	377	(1)
The Big Novelty of Christian Worship: The First Day	378	(3)
Sunday Worship	381	(4)
The Service of the Word	385	(2)
The Christian Day and Week	387	(1)
The Christian Year	388	(9)
Passover (Pesach) and Easter	389	(4)
The Jewish Festival of Weeks (Shavuot) and Christian Pentecost	393	(4)
Suggestions for Further Reading	397	(2)
Passover & Eucharist	399	(26)
The Eucharist: Lines of Development	400	(6)
The Eucharistic Prayer and the Passover Meal	406	(11)
The Eucharistic Prayers in Didache 9-10	406	(7)
The Eucharistic Prayer in Justin and Polycarp	413	(1)
The Eucharistic Prayer in Hippolytus	414	(3)
The Eucharist as Sacrifice	417	(4)
Postscript	421	(1)
Temple Square	421	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	421	(4)
PART 4 Epilogue
The Church Facing a New Era	425	(22)
The Great Roman Crisis and Restitution	425	(1)
The Great Persecution	426	(1)
``The Constantinian Revolution''	427	(3)
What Has the Emperor to Do with the Church?	430	(1)
Renouncing the World in a ``Christian'' Empire	431	(1)
``The Sanctification of Time''	431	(2)
The Sanctification of Places: The Idea of the Holy Land	433	(3)
Christian Philo-Semitism: A Grass-Roots Movement	436	(6)
Postscript: No End	442	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	443	(4)
Index of Modern Authors	447	(2)
Index of Subjects	449	(2)
Index of Ancient Writings	451